Have you ever been so angry that you start to relate to those cartoon characters who have steam coming out of their ears?

你有沒有曾經氣到你開始覺得自己像卡通人物一樣，耳朵冒煙的情況呢？

Or maybe you feel like your blood is boiling beneath your skin.

或是那種氣到彷彿血液在沸騰的感覺呢？

Even though you may know what the external cause of your anger is, what's actually going on inside your body when you're angry that's what we're gonna find out.

就算你可能知道造成你生氣的外部原因為何，但生氣時身體內部的變化才是我們今天要探討的。

Imagine that you are driving on a freeway and somebody suddenly cuts you off.

想像你正開車在高速公路上，突然有人超車插到你前面。

You will most likely get angry and either honk your horn, or possibly give them a not-so-nice hand gesture.

你大概會暴怒然後按他喇叭，或者對他比個不友善的手勢。

Admit it, we've all done it before.

承認吧，我們都這麼做過。

Inside your brain, the amygdala, which responses to outside stimuli, processes the car that cut you off, and coordinates the release of neurotransmitters, called catecholamines.

你的大腦下指令要感到生氣，是對外在刺激的回應，也就是別人超車插隊時的反應，也同時釋放神經傳導素，稱作「磷苯二酚胺」。

These cause you to feel a burst of energy preparing you for physical action.

這些神經傳導素可讓你在危急時有瞬間充滿爆發力，以備不時之需。

The hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, are also released, increasing your blood pressure.

其他賀爾蒙如腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素也會在你生氣時被釋放出來，以增加你的血壓。

Your heart rate increases and your face may flush as the blood rushes to your extremities.

你心跳會加速，臉會漲紅、血液會快速流動到肢體末梢。

If you have ever seen someone so angry that they turn red as a lobster, this is why.

如果你曾經看到有人生氣時面紅耳赤，這就是原因。

If you want to keep this anger at bay, you'll have to use your prefrontal cortex.

如果你想要壓抑怒火，就必須靠大腦前額葉皮質來控制情緒。

You can think of this as the area that controls your judgement.

你可以把它視為控制理智的中樞系統。

And if you don't use your prefrontal cortex, you may act aggressively toward others.

如果你的大腦前額葉皮質沒有運作，你就可能對他人有粗暴的舉動。

Take Phineas Gage as an example.

就拿 Phineas Gage 來舉例。

In 1848, while at work, a tamping iron was shot through his left cheek and exited through the top of his head.

1848年，在一次工作中，意外性的爆炸將插入地洞中的鐵棒反彈，從 Phineas Gage 的左臉頰插入他腦袋，射穿他的頭部。

Somehow, he survived, but his frontal lobe was severely damaged.

奇蹟似地，Phineas Gage 存活下來，但是他的大腦前額葉受到嚴重的損壞。

After his injury, he is said to have been fitful, irreverent and have the animal passions of a strong man.

據說，傷後他性情大變，他變得反覆無常、傲慢無理，行為就像動物的野性本能一樣。

Perhaps the damage to his frontal lobe destroyed his ability to control his behavior.

或許是意外造成他大腦前額葉的損害，導致他喪失了控制行為的能力。

He was not only a new man, but also one incapable of self-constraint.

他不但完全變了一個人，也喪失了自我約束的能力。

It's also important to note that constant chronic anger can greatly increase a person's chance of getting a heart disease, like high blood pressure or heart attacks.

另外，值得注意的是，持續且習慣性憤怒會大幅增加你罹患高血壓、心肌梗塞等心臟疾病的機率。

Anger and the heart are very connected.

憤怒和心臟是緊密相關的。

This is because epinephrine and norepinephrine constrict blood vessels, making your heart pump harder.

這是因為腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素會壓縮你的血管，讓心跳變強烈。

These two hormones also increase the amount of glucose and fatty acids in the blood.

這兩種賀爾蒙也會增加血液裡的葡萄糖、脂肪酸含量。

The increased levels can lead to damage in artery walls and speed up the process of atherosclerosis.

上升的葡萄糖或脂肪酸量會對動脈壁造成損害，並且加速動脈粥樣硬化的形成。

When the fatty plaque builds up in the arteries, it narrows them and decreases the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body.

當脂肪斑塊在動脈內堆積時，它會使動脈管徑變窄，降低輸送到身體部位氧含量高的血液流動。

This can lead to a heart attack, stroke or death.

這可能會導致心肌梗塞、中風甚至死亡。

But, fear not, there are healthy ways to control your anger, such as meditation, anger management therapy, exercise or even just relaxing and doing something fun.

但是不用緊張，還是有健康的方法可以幫你控制怒火，像是冥想、憤怒情緒管理治療、運動，或者只是讓自己放鬆做一些有趣好玩的事。

Like watching a few LIFE NOGGIN videos.

看些 LIFE NOGGIN 影片就是一種放鬆的方式。

So tell us, what is one thing that makes you angry?

現在，換你告訴我們一件會讓你生氣的事？

And what do you do to get over that feeling?

還有你是怎麼處理你的憤怒情緒。

Make sure you come back every Monday and Thursday for a brand new video.

別忘了每週一、週四收看 Life Noggin，我們會準備最新的影片等你們喔。

And if you want even more LIFE NOGGIN, check out these videos we did on the science of happiness and the signs of depression.

如果你想看更多 LIFE NOGGIN 的影片，去看看關於幸福科學和憂鬱症警示的影片吧！

You can also follow us on Facebook and Twitter.

你也可以追蹤我們的臉書或推特。。

I'm Blocko. This has been LIFE NOGGIN.

我是Blocko，這裡是LIFE NOGGIN。

Stay calm and don't forget to keep on thinking.

保持冷靜，也不忘要不斷思考！