Name: How Shakespeare Manipulates An Audience
Uploaded: 2026-03-31T16:56:59.000Z
Duration: 11 min 47 s

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.

各位朋友、羅馬公民、同胞們，請聽我說。

I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.

我來是為了埋葬凱撒，不是為了頌揚他。

分詞構句

Julius Caesar is dead, stabbed by a group of Roman senators, including his friend Brutus, who feared that Caesar had the ambition and the ability to become a tyrant that would destroy the Roman Republic.

尤利烏斯·凱撒死了，被一群羅馬參議員刺殺，其中包括他的朋友勃魯圖斯，他們擔心凱撒有野心和能力成為一個會摧毀羅馬共和國的暴君。

Mark Antony, another friend of Caesar's, arrives after the murder and is shocked and saddened, but

凱撒的另一位朋友馬克·安東尼，在謀殺後趕到，感到震驚和悲傷，但

ultimately plays along with the conspirators to save his own skin.

最終為了保命而順從了陰謀者。

Brutus is going to go outside and justify the assassination to the Roman crowd, and

勃魯圖斯將出去向羅馬民眾解釋這次刺殺，並且

agrees to let Antony deliver a eulogy, but only if he promises not to condemn the conspirators.

同意讓安東尼發表悼詞，但條件是他必須保證不譴責陰謀者。

Antony agrees, and they all go outside to face the people.

安東尼同意了，然後他們一起出去面對民眾。

Brutus speaks first, explaining that even though he loved Caesar, Caesar had to die, because he represented a danger to all free Roman citizens.

勃魯圖斯首先發言，解釋說即使他愛凱撒，凱撒也必須死，因為他對所有自由的羅馬公民構成了危險。

Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves than that Caesar were dead to live all free men?

你們寧願凱撒活著，大家死為奴隸，也不願凱撒死了，大家活得像自由人嗎？

He doesn't give specific examples of Caesar's tyrannical ambitions, but

他沒有舉出凱撒暴君野心的具體例子，

appeals to the crowd's faith in his own honor and judgment, and

而是訴諸群眾對他個人榮譽和判斷的信任，

At the end, the crowd cheers Brutus and condemns Caesar.

最後，群眾歡呼勃魯圖斯，並譴責凱撒。

各位朋友、各位羅馬公民、各位同胞，請借我耳朵聽。

Antony's facing a hostile, rowdy crowd, so he has to get their attention right away.

安東尼面對的是一群充滿敵意、吵鬧的群眾，所以他必須立刻抓住他們的注意力。

Instead of the typical iambic rhythm of da-dum, da-dum, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, Antony hits us with a stressed syllable right away: friends.

安東尼沒有使用典型的抑揚格節奏，也就是非重讀音節接著重讀音節，而是直接以重讀音節開頭：「朋友」。

In fact, the first three words all begin with stressed syllables: boom, boom, boom.

事實上，前三個字都以重讀音節開頭：砰、砰、砰。

第一個字很重要，我們要注意。

In his speech, Brutus began with "Romans," appealing to the crowd's reason.

在他的演講中，勃魯圖斯以「羅馬人」開頭，訴諸群眾的理性。

Antony starts with friends; he's aiming for an emotional connection, and

安東尼以「朋友們」開頭；他想建立情感連結，而且

friendship will be a key theme in the speech.

友誼將是這場演講的關鍵主題。

我是來埋葬凱撒，不是來讚揚他的。

Yeah, if Antony were attached to a lie detector right now, it would be spiking.

是的，如果安東尼現在連著測謊儀，儀器一定會爆表。

Praising Caesar is exactly what he intends to do: that and condemn the conspirators.

讚揚凱撒正是他打算做的：還有譴責那些陰謀者。

But the crowd doesn't want to hear praise of the would-be tyrant, and

但群眾不想聽對這位準暴君的讚揚，而且

Antony vowed not to condemn the assassins.

His impossible rhetorical mission in this speech, should he choose to accept it, is to praise Caesar and condemn the conspirators while appearing to do the opposite.

他在這場演講中，如果他選擇接受，那不可能的修辭任務就是讚揚凱撒並譴責陰謀者，同時卻要表現得好像在做相反的事。

人們所做的惡事，會隨著他們一同流傳。

The good is often turned with their bones.

而他們的好事，卻常被埋葬在骨骸裡。

These lines seem to follow on from Antony's promise not to praise Caesar, but

這幾句話似乎接續著安東尼不讚揚凱撒的承諾，但

they throw up all kinds of red flags in the mind of the listener.

卻在聽眾心中敲響了各種警訊。

So we remember the bad things someone does, but often forget the good.

所以我們會記得一個人所做的壞事，卻常常忘記他們的好。

Shouldn't we seek to remember someone in all their complexity?

我們難道不該試圖記住一個人複雜的全部嗎？

Subtly, Antony gets the audience to start thinking about the good Caesar did in his life.

安東尼巧妙地讓觀眾開始思考凱撒生前所做的善事。

In fact, he's associating good with the bones, the corpse of Caesar that is right now in front of them, while evil he associates with the men who still live.

事實上，他將「善」與凱撒那具此刻就在他們眼前的骨骸、屍體連結在一起，而將「惡」與那些仍然活著的人們連結。

Who exactly is asking the crowd to forget the good Caesar did?

到底是誰在要求大家忘記凱撒的善行呢？

The answer comes right away, in the second part of that last line.

答案就在最後一句話的後半段，馬上就揭曉了。

The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.

高貴的勃魯圖斯告訴你們，凱撒是野心勃勃的。

If it were so, it was a grievous fault, and grievously hath Caesar answered it.

如果真是如此，那便是嚴重的過錯，而凱撒也為此付出了慘痛的代價。

Now, Antony's not saying Caesar was ambitious.

現在，安東尼並沒有說凱撒野心勃勃。

He's saying that Brutus is saying that Caesar was ambitious.

他說的是勃魯圖斯說凱撒野心勃勃。

This is a trick he'll return to many times.

這是他之後會多次使用的手法。

In the third line, he's opening up that door of doubt even further by saying "if it were so," suggesting that there's a chance it's not so, that Brutus is mistaken or lying.

在第三句，他透過說「如果真是如此」，進一步打開了懷疑的大門，暗示這或許並非事實，勃魯圖斯可能搞錯了，甚至在說謊。

If Caesar was ambitious, it's a criminal fault, and the appropriate price is death.

如果凱撒野心勃勃，那就是一項罪大惡極的罪行，而應得的代價就是死亡。

If he wasn't ambitious, well, what does that make the killing?

如果他沒有野心勃勃，那麼，這又是什麼樣的殺戮呢？

Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest, for Brutus is an honorable man, so are they all, all honorable men, come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.

我是來凱撒的葬禮上致悼詞的，經由勃魯圖斯和各位參議員的同意，因為勃魯圖斯是個正直的人，他們也都是正直的人。

Damien Lewis is so brilliant delivering this speech.

達米恩·路易斯講這段話實在太精彩了。

In this whole first part, he hasn't betrayed his true goals as Antony.

在整段開頭，他並沒有像馬克·安東尼那樣洩漏他的真實目的。

He's been gently pulling the crowd, his friends, into his perspective, and

他一直在溫柔地引導群眾、他的朋友們，進入他的觀點，而且

yet you can feel that there's something brewing in him.

你還是能感覺到他內心有什麼東西正在醞釀。

Here, the way he delivers that word, another stressed syllable to start the line, it's explosive, but

在這裡，他講那個詞的方式，又是一個重讀音節開頭，這很具爆發力，但是

Lewis fixes your attention like a general demanding obedience, but

路易斯像一位要求服從的將軍一樣吸引你的注意力，但是

before you have a chance to register that, he shifts back into the friendly demeanor.

在你來得及反應之前，他又變回了友善的態度。

For this part of the sentence, which is really a parenthetical interruption, Lewis's head loosens and moves around, as if to communicate the fact that Brutus and his conspirators are honorable is so obviously true it almost doesn't need mentioning.

對於這部分的句子，這其實是個插入語，路易斯的頭放鬆下來並轉動，彷彿在傳達勃魯圖斯和他的陰謀者們是正直的這件事，是如此顯而易見，幾乎不需要提及。

But under the cover of this aside, Antony has just laid his trap.

但就在這插入語的掩護下，馬克·安東尼設下了他的陷阱。

He was my friend, faithful and just to me.

But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man.

但勃魯圖斯說他野心勃勃，而勃魯圖斯是個正直的人。

注意到路易斯聽到這個詞時眼睛都亮了。

It's an odd way to describe a friend, but it is how you describe a good ruler.

這是一種奇怪的方式來形容朋友，但這卻是你形容一位好統治者的方式。

Here, we have a repetition of the premise that he slipped in so casually before.

這裡，我們又重複了之前他隨意帶過的前提。

He ties Brutus's honor to Brutus's assertion that Caesar was ambitious.

他把勃魯圖斯的榮譽，連結到勃魯圖斯聲稱凱撒野心勃勃這件事上。

Really, Brutus did this himself in his own speech, but Antony is making it plain.

說真的，勃魯圖斯在自己的演講中就已經這麼說了，但馬克·安東尼現在把它講得更清楚。

He's creating a causal link between Brutus's honor and the truth value of his assertions.

他正在建立一個因果關係，將勃魯圖斯的榮譽和他言論的真實性連結起來。

Now he doesn't have to attack Brutus directly;

現在他就不必直接攻擊勃魯圖斯了；

he can interrogate the truth of what he says and accomplish the same goal.

他可以質疑他所說話的真實性，並達成相同的目標。

He hath brought many captives home to Rome, whose ransoms did the general coffers fill.

他把許多俘虜帶回羅馬，他們的贖金填滿了國庫。

這在凱撒身上看起來是野心勃勃嗎？

When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept.

當窮人哭泣時，凱撒也曾哭泣。

Ambition should be made of sterner stuff, yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and

野心應該是更堅定的東西，但勃魯圖斯說他有野心，而且

Brutus didn't bother to give examples of Caesar's ambition, but

勃魯圖斯並沒有舉出凱撒野心的例子，但

Antony provides examples of ways in which he wasn't ambitious.

安東尼卻舉出了他並不野心的例子。

He increased public funds for Rome's welfare.

他增加了羅馬福利的公共資金。

He cried for the poor like an empathetic friend.

他像個有同情心的朋友一樣為窮人哭泣。

That empathy is evoked by rhythmic association between Caesar and the poor, which Lewis emphasizes.

這種同情是由凱撒和窮人之間的節奏聯想所引發的，這點是路易斯強調的。

Antony uses a rhetorical question to further engage the audience, and

安東尼使用了一個反問句來進一步吸引觀眾，並且

then encourages them to imagine ambition as something stern and cruel.

接著鼓勵他們將野心想像成一種嚴厲而殘酷的東西。

Of course, these examples are not really incompatible with ambition, but

當然，這些例子其實與野心並不衝突，但是

hey, if the audience can't see through a populace leader's crocodile tears, they're not going to see through Antony's manipulations either.

嘿，如果觀眾看不穿民眾領袖的鱷魚眼淚，他們也看不穿安東尼的操弄。

You all did see that on the luperco, I thrice presented him a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse.

你們都看到了，我在盧佩爾卡節上三次呈獻給他王冠，他都三次拒絕了。

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and sure, he is an honorable man.

然而勃魯圖斯說他有野心，而且，他是一位正直的人。

Now, in a society that thinks of itself as a republic, an ambitious autocrat would probably be smart to refuse a crown.

現在，在一個自認為是共和國的社會裡，一個有野心的獨裁者大概會聰明地拒絕王冠。

But Antony knows that this crowd will read Caesar's actions as the exact opposite of ambition, and

但安東尼知道，這群觀眾會把凱撒的行為解讀成與野心完全相反，而且

he helps the information go down easy with three lines of nearly perfect iambic pentameter.

他用三行近乎完美的抑揚格五音步詩句，讓這些資訊更容易被接受。

By the time we get to the final refrain, Lewis's sarcasm is hard to miss, but

當我們聽到最後的副歌時，路易斯的諷刺很難錯過，但

There's so much contempt in that word "sure." It's likely that Antony is genuinely angered by Caesar's death, but

「肯定」這個詞裡充滿了蔑視。安東尼很可能真的對凱撒的死感到憤怒，但是

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How Shakespeare Manipulates An Audience

empathy

deserve

repetition

audience