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abstract
US /ˈæbˌstrækt/
・UK /'æbstrækt/
B1 中級英檢中級
n. (c./u.)名詞 (可數/不可數)節錄摘要
Ken enjoyed reading the book, so he shared an exciting abstract with the other book club members
adj.形容詞抽象的
It is difficult to explain abstract concepts, such as truth and justice, to young children
n. (c./u.)名詞 (可數/不可數)抽象
The concept of time was an abstract that little Johnny did not understand
v.t.及物動詞正在抽象化
Would you abstract the main points from the article for us, then mail them to me?
n. (c./u.)名詞 (可數/不可數)(文章的)摘要
Sophie was told to rewrite her thesis abstract because it didn't introduce her topic well enough
v.t.及物動詞寫摘要
All I have left to do is to abstract my thesis, then it will be complete
v.t.及物動詞正在抽象化
In England, you need a license to abstract water from underground sources
n. (c./u.)名詞 (可數/不可數)抽象藝術
He is very fond of abstract.
adj.形容詞抽象藝術的
I enjoy viewing abstract art because it challenges my perception.
影片字幕
你懂藝術嗎？要價二億的畫作居然是全白的？！(Why these all-white paintings are in museums and mine aren't)
- These artists began with these ideas as a rejection of abstract expressionism.
這些作家一開始這麼做的原因是對於抽象表現主義的反抗。
- Abstract expressionism was a movement of artists in the 1940s and 50s, who thought that art should be gestural, expressive, and emotional, evoking the unconscious mind through movement and color.
抽象表現主義是一群藝術家在 1940 到 1950 年代時發起的藝術風格，他們認為藝術應該要飽含動作、表現自我且情感豐沛，藉此以行動與色彩激發出潛意識中的想法。
《聖經》系列 1 ：「上帝」概念的導言 (Biblical Series I: Introduction to the Idea of God)
- It's not some abstract thing.
他們也許突然會拍案而起 甚至哭喊
- It's not abstract knowledge, they don't know that they doing that.
黑猩猩們都還不會這麼說
為什麼學習雙語對大腦有益？ (Why being bilingual is good for your brain | BBC Ideas)
- Recent studies have also found that people tend to react more emotionally in their first language, and more rationally, in a more abstract way, in their second.
最近的研究也發現，人們在使用第一語言時往往會更加情緒化，而在使用第二語言時會更加理性、更加抽象。
RSA 深度解析：氣候危機背後的體制潰敗與權力真相（Climate change is a systems failure | RSA Journal Presents）
- So naturally, climate, which is in many ways this kind of abstract, historically slow moving thing,
所以很自然地，氣候在很多方面是一個抽象的、緩慢發展的事物，它已經從人們關心的能力範圍中滑落了。
【聽Podecast學英文】針對川普的法律裁決 (Trump legal ruling: BBC Learning English from the News)
- Now we use this verb relish in a lot of different ways, usually about actions or abstract nouns.
現在，我們以多種不同的方式使用這個動詞 "津津有味"，通常是指動作或抽象名詞。
- Now, we use this verb relish in a lot of different ways, usually about actions or abstract nouns.
我認為這可能相當困難，但我樂於接受這樣的挑戰，尤其是戶外挑戰。
科學證實，精通雙語對大腦很有幫助！ (Is being bilingual good for you brain? | BBC Ideas)
- Recent studies have also found that people tend to react more emotionally in their first language and more rationally, in a more abstract way, in the second.
最近的研究還發現，人們在使用第一語言時往往會做出更感性的反應，而在使用第二語言時則會做出更理性、更抽象的反應。
- Recent studies have also found that people tend to react more emotionally in their first language and more rationally in a more abstract way in the second.
學習新語言可以打開通往新文化體驗和生活機遇的大門。
世界上最未開發的地方 (The Most Unexplored Place In The World)
- For many people, plastics problem is still an abstract.
對於許多人來說，塑膠問題仍然是一個抽象的概念。
的故事：格哈德-裡希特（1932-至今） (The Story of: Gerhard Richter (1932–Today))
- From meticulously rendered photo paintings to bold abstract works using a large squeegee instead of a paintbrush. Gerhard Richter is arguably the most famous painter today. He shifts from a photographic realism with a blurred effect to pure abstraction as no other artist has ever done before. His oeuvre is the result of an ongoing examination of painting as a medium. Richter's impressive career spans across over half a century and has been a certainty in today's art world. But how did a boy from Dresden become one of the greatest artists in the world to wield a paintbrush? Welcome to the story of Gerhard Richter.
從精心渲染的照片畫到用大刮刀代替畫筆的大膽抽象作品。格哈德-裡希特可以說是當今最著名的畫家。他從具有模糊效果的攝影寫實主義轉向純粹的抽象主義，這是其他藝術家從未做到過的。他的作品是對繪畫這種媒介不斷研究的結果。裡希特令人印象深刻的職業生涯跨越了半個多世紀，在當今藝術界已是不爭的事實。但是，一個來自德累斯頓的男孩是如何成為世界上最偉大的畫家之一的呢？歡迎閱讀格哈德-裡希特的故事。
- Emma, nude on a staircase, one of his most famous works he ever painted, and he took on geometric abstraction with his colour chart, influenced by his friend Blinky Palermo, but also influenced by pop art and minimal art. Richter had already been experimenting with abstraction and minimal painting, think of the abstracted blur or washed out zones of oil paint, but also depicting very minimal elements, such as curtains, tubes, turning sheets or daily objects. The colour charts were copies of paint sample cards, which paved the way for Richter's future abstract paintings. After Emma, nude on a staircase, Richter would paint several erotic nudes in 1967, followed by cityscapes, aerial views, mountains, starscapes, clouds, seascapes and landscapes in 1968 and 1969. With these artworks, there is this notion of both an almost nostalgic romanticism and an ongoing exploration of abstraction. He would paint many shadow pictures, corrugated iron as a geometric abstract work, grey monochromes, colour streaks and grit, arriving at pure abstraction and questioning the limits of representation. By the end of the decade, Richter had established himself as a contemporary artist, participating in group exhibitions across the globe. In 1969, he was included in the exhibition Nine Young Artists at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, his first show at a major institution. However, Richter was still unsure about his future and in search for a specific direction, so his paints and the experiments would continue.
受朋友布林基-巴勒莫（Blinky Palermo）的影響，同時也受到波普藝術和極簡藝術的影響，裡希特開始用色彩圖表現幾何抽象。當時，裡希特已經開始嘗試抽象和極簡繪畫，比如油畫顏料中抽象化的模糊或沖淡區域，以及描繪非常簡約的元素，如窗簾、管子、翻轉的床單或日常物品。色彩圖是顏料樣本卡的複製品，這為裡希特未來的抽象繪畫鋪平了道路。繼《樓梯上的裸體艾瑪》之後，裡希特在 1967 年又創作了多幅色情裸體畫，隨後在 1968 年和 1969 年又創作了城市風景、鳥瞰、山景、星空、雲彩、海景和風景畫。在這些作品中，
