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Reciprocal, that means they do it to us and we do it to them.
互惠，即他們這樣對我們，我們也這樣對他們。
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Typically, imposing tariffs is a months or even years-long process filled with economic analysis, comments, and public hearings.
通常情況下，徵收關稅是一個長達數月甚至數年的過程，其中充滿了經濟分析、評論和公開聽證。
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Not so with this latest round of duties from the Trump administration.
而特朗普政府最新一輪的職責則不同。
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We're going to have to go through a little tough love, maybe.
也許，我們必須經歷一點嚴厲的愛。
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But they all understand.
但他們都明白。
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They're ripping us off and they understood it.
他們在欺騙我們，他們明白這一點。
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So under the Constitution, the president is actually not the person who's supposed to be imposing tariffs.
是以，根據憲法，總統實際上並不是徵收關稅的人。
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That is left up to Congress under Article 1.
根據第 1 條，這由國會決定。
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But over decades, Congress has relinquished that authority and empowered the president through multiple laws to impose tariffs and other trade barriers on foreign nations.
但幾十年來，國會放棄了這一權力，並通過多項法律授權總統向外國徵收關稅和設置其他貿易壁壘。
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With those laws, there are standards and processes that the executive branch is supposed to follow when it's imposing tariffs.
根據這些法律，行政部門在徵收關稅時應遵循一定的標準和程序。
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Typically, these tariff investigations would involve a lengthy process of public comment and notification, a lot of analysis behind the scenes from economic agencies, and conversations with private industry and labor unions.
通常情況下，這些關稅調查會涉及漫長的公眾評論和通知過程、經濟機構的大量幕後分析以及與私營企業和工會的對話。
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All of that will go into a giant tariff report that will be delivered to the president, who will then decide whether they actually want to impose these tariffs.
所有這些都將寫入一份巨大的關稅報告，並提交給總統，然後由總統決定是否真的要徵收這些關稅。
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So this is not a very fast process.
是以，這個過程並不快。
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And that has been frustrating not only for President Trump, but for some domestic industries.
這不僅讓特朗普總統感到沮喪，也讓一些國內產業感到沮喪。
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And so what we've seen President Trump do, partially because of those concerns and partially because he just doesn't like the delay and the technocracy of the process, he's short-circuited that process with a lot of these tariffs in the second term.
是以，我們看到特朗普總統所做的，部分是因為這些擔憂，部分是因為他不喜歡拖延和技術化的過程，他在第二任期內通過大量關稅措施縮短了這一過程。
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The primary way that he's done it is by using a completely separate law.
他這樣做的主要方式是使用完全獨立的法律。
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This is the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or you may have heard of it referred to as IEPA.
這就是《國際緊急經濟權力法》，或者你可能聽說過它被稱為 IEPA。
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Now, this is a law from the 1970s that typically is used for economic sanctions.
這是一部 20 世紀 70 年代的法律，通常用於經濟制裁。
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And it's a much simpler process.
而且過程簡單得多。
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All the president needs to do is declare a national emergency, and then they can impose tariffs almost immediately.
總統只需宣佈國家進入緊急狀態，就可以立即徵收關稅。
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That is what we saw him do when it came to Canada, Mexico, and China, where he declared a national emergency over fentanyl smuggling.
我們看到他在加拿大、墨西哥和中國都是這麼做的，他在那裡宣佈對芬太尼走私實行全國緊急狀態。
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China makes the fentanyl.
中國製造芬太尼。
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China makes the fentanyl, gives it to Mexico, puts it through Canada.
中國製造芬太尼，交給墨西哥，再通過加拿大轉運。
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And it's what we saw him do with this reciprocal tariff action, arguing that persistent and chronic trade deficits constitutes a national emergency that necessitates tariffs.
我們看到他在這次對等關稅行動中就是這麼做的，他認為持續和長期的貿易赤字構成了國家緊急狀況，有必要徵收關稅。
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Trade deficits are no longer merely an economic problem.
貿易赤字不再僅僅是一個經濟問題。
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They're a national emergency that threatens our security and our very way of life.
它們是國家緊急狀況，威脅著我們的安全和生活方式。
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Now, that is a legally dubious, I would say, use of the law, if only because it has never been used for tariffs that broadly before.
現在看來，這在法律上是一種可疑的用法，我可以說，這只是因為以前從未如此廣泛地使用過關稅法。
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And so there have been people, even people in the White House, the White House Counsel's Office, for instance, who have cautioned his team against using this law for such broad-based tariffs because they think it could be vulnerable to a legal challenge.
是以，有一些人，甚至是白宮的人，比如白宮法律顧問辦公室的人，告誡他的團隊不要將這項法律用於如此廣泛的關稅，因為他們認為這很容易受到法律挑戰。
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Typically, there is a very lengthy process for determining a tariff rate.
通常，關稅稅率的確定需要一個非常漫長的過程。
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Not so with this case.
本案卻並非如此。
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It appears from some sleuthing journalists that the Trump administration has done a very simple calculation on these tariffs, taking the trade deficit that the U.S. has with a particular country and simply dividing it by the amount of imports that we get from that country.
根據一些記者的調查，特朗普政府似乎對這些關稅做了一個非常簡單的計算，即用美國與某個國家的貿易逆差除以我們從該國進口的商品數量。
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And because we are being very kind, we will charge them approximately half of what they are and have been charging us.
由於我們非常好心，我們將向他們收取他們現在和一直以來向我們收取的費用的一半左右。
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They've taken that percentage rate and cut that in half and then made that the new reciprocal tariff rate.
他們將這一稅率減半，並將其作為新的互惠稅率。
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Not a full reciprocal.
不是完全互惠。
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I could have done that.
我本來可以做到的。
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Yes, but it would have been tough for a lot of countries who didn't want to do that.
是的，但這對很多不想這樣做的國家來說是很困難的。
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The same day as Trump's tariff announcement, we saw the Senate pass a resolution challenging the president's authority to use the IEPA law on Canada, because they thought that was most politically expedient.
就在特朗普宣佈加徵關稅的同一天，我們看到參議院通過了一項決議，質疑總統對加拿大使用 IEPA 法律的權力，因為他們認為這在政治上是最有利的。
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And this was interesting because you saw a handful of Republicans join with Democrats to deliver a rebuke to the Trump administration's trade policies.
這很有意思，因為你看到少數共和黨人與民主黨人一起，對特朗普政府的貿易政策進行了抨擊。
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This is a tax, plain and simple.
這是一種稅收，簡單明瞭。
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Taxes should not be enacted by one person.
稅收不應由一個人制定。
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Now, it's unclear whether that resolution is going anywhere.
現在，還不清楚這項決議是否會有結果。
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House Republicans have used a procedural gimmick to prevent Democrats in that lower chamber from taking up a very similar resolution.
眾議院共和黨人利用程序上的伎倆，阻止下院民主黨人討論一項非常類似的決議。
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But I think symbolically, it does show that there is some growing bipartisan angst and antipathy toward the breadth and aggressiveness of this tariff policy at this point.
但我認為，從象徵意義上講，這確實表明兩黨對目前這種關稅政策的廣度和侵略性越來越感到憤怒和反感。
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The very next morning, we saw a new bipartisan bill.
第二天一早，我們就看到了一項新的兩黨法案。
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Well, it is time, I believe, for Congress to reassert ourselves in our constitutional duties.
我認為，現在是國會重新履行憲法職責的時候了。
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So this very aggressive and quick approach to the tariffs is certainly allowing the president to impose duties much more quickly than he would ever be able to do it in the past.
是以，這種非常積極和快速的關稅徵收方式無疑讓總統可以比以往更快地徵收關稅。
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But I think it does leave some open questions as to what are the legal vulnerabilities to these new tariffs.
但我認為，這確實留下了一些懸而未決的問題，即這些新關稅在法律上有哪些漏洞。
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And then I think it also leaves them open to some congressional pushback where Congress says, maybe we start to think about taking some of this trade authority back that we have relinquished to the executive branch.
然後，我認為這也會讓他們面臨國會的反擊，國會會說，也許我們開始考慮收回一些我們已經放棄給行政部門的貿易權力。
