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Have you experienced déjà vu?
你有過既視感嗎？
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It's that shadowy feeling you get when a situation seems familiar.
這是一種當你處在一個似曾相似的情況下會有的模糊感覺。
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A scene in a restaurant plays out exactly as you remember.
腦袋浮出一幕，跟你記憶裡的餐廳相同。
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The world moves like a ballet you've choreographed, but the sequence can't be based on a past experience because you've never eaten here before.
整個世界像跳起了芭蕾舞，而你就是編舞者，但因為你從沒在這吃過飯，所以不能根據過去的經驗來跳。
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This is the first time you've had clams.
這是你第一次吃蛤蜊。
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So, what's going on?
究竟是怎麼回事？
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Unfortunately, there isn't one single explanation for déjà vu.
可惜目前既視感沒有單一的解釋。
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The experience is brief and occurs without notice, making it nearly impossible for scientists to record and study it.
這個感覺很短暫，且會在沒有預料下發生，讓科學家幾乎沒辦法紀錄和研究。
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Scientists can't simply sit around and wait for it to happen to them ⏤ this could take years!
總不能讓科學家整天坐在那等待既視感發生，有可能要花好幾年！
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It has no physical manifestations, and in studies, it's described by the subject as a sensation or feeling.
既視感沒有具體的證據，且在研究中，人們也總是把它歸類為一種感覺或知覺。
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Because of this lack of hard evidence, there's been a surplus of speculation over the years.
因為缺乏確鑿的證據，多年來都充斥著各種臆測。
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Since Emile Boirac introduced déjà vu as a French term meaning "already seen", more than 40 theories attempt to explain this phenomenon.
從埃米勒·博伊萊克將既視感用法文定義為「似曾相識」後，有超過 40 種理論試圖解釋這個現象。
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Still, recent advancements in neuroimaging and cognitive psychology narrow down the field of prospects.
然而，近代的神經成像和認知心理學的發展壓縮了這個領域的可能性。
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Let's walk through three of today's more prevalent theories using the same restaurant setting for each.
讓我們套用前面餐廳的假設，用三種目前最普遍的說法來解釋。
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First up is dual processing.
首先是雙重歷程理論。
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We'll need an action.
用一個動作解釋。
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Let's go with a waiter dropping a tray of dishes.
服務生打翻了一盤的菜餚。
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As the scene unfolds, your brain's hemispheres process a flurry of information: the waiter's flailing arms, his cry for help, the smell of pasta.
隨著畫面出現，你的腦半球開始處理一連串的資訊： 服務生揮舞雙臂、大喊求援、義大利麵的香味。
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Within milliseconds, this information zips through pathways and is processed into a single moment.
在千分之一秒內，這個訊息透過路徑迅速穿梭， 最後合為一個獨立的動作。
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Most of the time, everything is recorded in-sync.
大多數的時間，所有事都會被同步記錄在大腦。
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However, this theory asserts that déjà vu occurs when there's a slight delay in information from one of these pathways.
這個理論主張若有資訊在大腦途徑之中出現些微延誤，就會出現既視感。
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The difference in arrival times causes the brain to interpret the late information as a separate event.
訊息抵達的時間差會使大腦將晚期的資訊解讀成獨立的事件。
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When it plays over the already-recorded moment, it feels as if it's happened before because, in a sense, it has.
當大腦播放已記錄過的記憶，感覺就像以前有發生過一樣，因為就某種情況而言，的確是如此。
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Our next theory deals with a confusion of the past rather than a mistake in the present.
下個理論是處理過去的混淆，而不是現在的錯誤。
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This is the hologram theory, and we'll use that tablecloth to examine it.
這就是全像原理，我們用這張桌布來檢視它。
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As you scan its squares, a distant memory swims up from deep within your brain.
你細看上頭的格紋，一段模糊的回憶從你的大腦深處浮現。
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According to the theory, this is because memories are stored in the form of holograms, and in holograms, you only need one fragment to see the whole picture.
根據這個理論，是因為記憶是以全像圖的形式儲存在腦中，你只需要一個片段就能看見全部。
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Your brain has identified the tablecloth with one from the past, maybe from your grandmother's house.
你的大腦認為以前看過這張桌布，也許和奶奶家裡的是同一張。
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However, instead of remembering that you've seen this pattern at your grandmother's, your brain has summoned up the old memory without identifying it.
然而你並沒有想起你在奶奶家中見過這圖案，大腦是喚起了一段久遠的記憶，卻沒有辨認出它。
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This leaves you stuck with familiarity, but no recollection.
這讓你產生熟悉感，卻毫無記憶。
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Although you've never been in this restaurant, you've seen that tablecloth, but are just failing to identify it.
雖然你從沒去過這間餐廳，但有看過那張桌布，可是卻無法辨認它。
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Now, look at this fork.
接下來看看這把叉子。
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Are you paying attention?
你有專心看嗎？
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Our last theory is divided attention, and it states that déjà vu occurs when our brain subliminally takes in an environment while we're distracted by one particular object.
最後是分散性專注力理論，主張既視感發生於我們分心在某個物件上時，大腦下意識接受了外在環境。
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When our attention returns, we feel as if we've been here before.
當我們注意力回歸時，我們會覺得自己以前有來過這裡。
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For example, just now, you focused on the fork and didn't observe the tablecloth or the falling waiter.
例如剛才你正專注盯著叉子，完全沒有注意到桌布和要跌倒的服務生。
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Although your brain has been recording everything in your peripheral vision, it's been doing so below conscious awareness.
你的大腦以邊緣視野記錄了一切，但都是在自我知覺的狀況下進行。
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When you finally pull yourself away from the fork, you think you've been here before, because you have, you just weren't paying attention.
當你終於把注意力從叉子上移開，你會以為你有來過這裡， 因為你有過，只是沒注意到而已。
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While all three of these theories share the common features of déjà vu, none of them propose to be the conclusive source of the phenomenon.
儘管以上三種理論皆有掌握既視感常見的特點，卻沒有任何一個能提出這個現象的確定來源。
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Still, while we wait for researchers and inventers to come up with new ways to capture this fleeting moment, we can study the moment ourselves.
我們期待研究員與發明家能提出更好的方法，來捕捉這稍縱即逝的瞬間，我們也能自行研究此現象。
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After all, most studies of déjà vu are based on first-hand accounts, so why can't one be yours?
畢竟多數既視感的研究都來自第一手的描述，那何不把你的經驗分享出來？
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The next time you get déjà vu, take a moment to think about it.
當既視感再度出現時，花點時間想看看。
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Have you been distracted?
你是否分心了？
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Is there a familiar object somewhere?
四周有沒有熟悉的景物？
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Is your brain just acting slow?
是你的大腦突然慢半拍嗎？
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Or is it something else?
還是另有其因？
