Name: 如何快速學會任何技能，讓人感覺不合法 (How To Learn Any Skill So Fast It Feels Illegal)
Uploaded: 2025-04-26T11:19:02.000Z
Duration: 13 min 48 s

動名詞

So I've been obsessed with figuring out the fastest and easiest possible way to learn new skills for the last decade.

是以，在過去十年裡，我一直痴迷於找出最快、最簡單的學習新技能的方法。

And after years of teaching people and reading the research on this, I've stumbled across a mistake that guarantees an almost 100% failure rate on learning any skill.

經過多年的教學和研究，我發現了一個錯誤，它幾乎保證了學習任何技能 100% 的失敗率。

And sadly, this is a mistake that most people make every single day.

可悲的是，這是大多數人每天都會犯的錯誤。

I call this mistake Theory Overload, and I think it is one of the most important things to know about when you're trying to learn any new skill.

我把這種錯誤稱為 "理論超載"，我認為這是在你嘗試學習任何新技能時最需要了解的事情之一。

But first, we have to understand a key, often overlooked, ingredient to learning any new skill that allows us to even learn skills in the first place.

但首先，我們必須瞭解學習任何新技能的一個關鍵因素，而這個因素往往被忽視，它甚至讓我們從一開始就學習技能。

And this ingredient is Experiential Cycling.

So if I practice shooting this bow every day for a month, I should get better, right?

所以，如果我一個月內每天都練習射這把弓，我應該會變得更好，對嗎？

Once I let go of this arrow, I cannot control where it goes mid-air, at least as far as I know.

一旦我放開這支箭，我就無法控制它在半空中的去向，至少據我所知是這樣。

Where this arrow lands depends on everything that I did in the setup beforehand.

這支箭的落點取決於我之前所做的一切準備。

And by the way, like any skill, learning to learn is the same.

順便說一句，像任何技能一樣，學會學習也是一樣的。

Our exam results, our memory, our depth of understanding, these things depend on the processes we used before when we were studying.

我們的考試成績、我們的記憶力、我們的理解深度，這些都取決於我們以前學習時使用的過程。

Now imagine I shot this arrow and it landed here.

現在想象一下，我射出了這支箭，它落在了這裡。

But to do better next time, I have to know what to change to get it into the centre.

但為了下一次做得更好，我必須知道該改些什麼，才能讓它進入中心。

I cannot keep just firing arrows off randomly, expecting to get better.

我不能老是亂放箭，指望能有所進步。

I might get a bullseye once in a while, but it's not going to be consistent, and once the target moves further away, it's not going to work anymore.

我可能偶爾會打中靶心，但不可能始終如一，而且一旦目標移得更遠，它就不再起作用了。

If we get a bad exam result, we need to know what to change.

如果考試成績不理想，我們需要知道該如何改變。

Just because we get a better exam result in a different exam, it doesn't mean we actually solved the problem.

雖然我們在不同的考試中取得了更好的成績，但這並不意味著我們真的解決了問題。

So this is essentially the Experiential Cycle.

We have an experience, we observe the result, we think about what we need to change, and then we do an experiment to see if it made it any better.

我們有了一次經歷，我們觀察結果，思考我們需要改變什麼，然後我們做一個實驗，看看它是否讓我們的經歷變得更好。

Without this cycle, we cannot learn any new skill.

沒有這種循環，我們就無法學習任何新技能。

This is pretty straightforward and obvious.

但是，這也是困住人們的地方。

Whether it's learning about learning skills, or learning to shoot an arrow, or learning any other skill.

無論是學習技能，還是學習射箭，或是學習其他技能。

The fastest way to learn any skill is to learn more slowly.

學習任何技能的最快方法就是慢慢學。

Now most of you know that I've got a program that teaches people to learn more efficiently.

現在，你們大多數人都知道，我有一個教人提高學習效率的項目。

And one of the things that I can do on the program that I can't do on YouTube, is I get to observe how the students behave, and I can track their progress much more closely.

我在節目中可以做的一件事是在 YouTube 上做不到的，那就是我可以觀察學生們的表現，我可以更密切地跟蹤他們的進步。

So take a look at these two students, and see if you can guess which one ended up being more academically successful.

看看這兩個學生，你能不能猜出哪一個在學業上更成功。

First one to look at is this one here, Suresh, who was on the program for 5 weeks and got through 31% of the program.

首先要看的是這位名叫 Suresh 的學員，他參加了 5 周的課程，完成了課程的 31%。

And the second student that I want you to look at is Enzo, who was on the program for 54 weeks and got through 20% of the program.

我想讓你們看的第二個學生是恩佐，他參加了 54 周的項目，完成了項目的 20%。

So despite covering less of the course, it was actually Enzo who ended up with better academic results.

是以，儘管所學課程較少，但實際上恩佐的學習成績更好。

He went from a baseline of 62% to the latest exam result of 92%, compared to Suresh, and this is the surprising part.

與 Suresh 相比，他從 62% 的基準線提高到了 92% 的最新考試成績，這才是令人驚訝的地方。

蘇雷什實際上從 80% 降到了 71%。

Suresh actually got worse after working on it for 5 weeks.

蘇雷什工作了 5 個星期後，情況實際上變得更糟了。

It's not just because Enzo had so much more time to work on things.

這不僅僅是因為恩佐有更多的時間來處理事情。

Okay, now imagine this bowl is your brain.

好了，現在把這個碗想象成你的大腦。

Now your brain has a limited amount of cognitive resources that it can spend.

現在，你的大腦可以使用的認知資源是有限的。

It's like how much memory or RAM your computer has.

這就好比你的電腦有多少內存或 RAM。

So let's say that these wooden blocks represent your cognitive resources.

假設這些木塊代表了你的認知資源。

Now whenever we learn a new skill, we're introduced to new things that we need to think about.

現在，每當我們學習一項新技能時，我們都會接觸到需要思考的新事物。

So each thing takes resources to keep it in mind and think about it.

是以，每一件事都需要資源來牢記和思考。

You can see that my bowl, my capacity, is becoming filled up.

你可以看到，我的碗，我的容量，正在被填滿。

And on top of that, there's a certain amount of resources it takes to just perform the activity.

除此之外，執行活動還需要一定數量的資源。

Now once a new skill eventually becomes a habit, the amount of resources it takes goes down.

現在，一旦新技能最終成為一種習慣，它所需的資源量就會減少。

But when you're learning a new skill, it's not going to be a habit.

但當你學習一項新技能時，這不會成為一種習慣。

It's going to be unfamiliar and difficult and awkward.

And all of those things take additional resources to overcome.

而所有這些都需要額外的資源來克服。

So more and more needs to be invested into just doing the actual skill.

是以，我們需要投入越來越多的精力來掌握實際技能。

And as you can see now, we are overflowing.

正如你們現在所看到的，我們已經人滿為患了。

We've overloaded our brain's ability to think about things because we have given it too many things to think about.

我們的大腦已經超負荷思考問題，因為我們給了它太多事情去思考。

In the research, our brain trying to think about lots of different things at the same time is called multiple element interactivity.

在研究中，我們的大腦試圖同時思考許多不同的事情，這被稱為多元素互動。

And it's a common reason why we enter into what's called cognitive overload.

這也是我們陷入所謂認知超載的常見原因。

But here is the thing about learning a cognitive skill, like learning to learn for example, unlike learning a physical skill like archery.

但是，學習認知技能，比如學會學習，與學習射箭等體能技能不同的地方就在於此。

For a physical skill, we burn energy using our body, using our muscles.

就體能技能而言，我們用身體、用肌肉來燃燒能量。

For a cognitive skill, we burn effort with our brain.

對於一項認知技能來說，我們需要消耗大腦的精力。

Which means that the amount of cognitive resources it takes to just perform the skill, the act of learning is innately very high to begin with.

這就意味著，學習技能所需的認知資源量從一開始就非常高。

It takes a lot of mental resources to understand new information and process it and organize it and think about where it belongs and create new memory.

理解新資訊、處理新資訊、組織新資訊、思考新資訊的歸屬並創建新的記憶需要大量的精神資源。

And all of this effort helps to translate the learning into memory and understanding.

所有這些努力都有助於將所學知識轉化為記憶和理解。

If we didn't feel this effort, we wouldn't have any memory.

如果我們沒有感受到這種努力，我們就不會有任何記憶。

And that would be called passive learning.

But with effective, more active learning, it takes a lot of resources to begin with.

但是，對於有效的、更積極的學習來說，一開始就需要大量的資源。

Which means adding just a few more things can put us into overload very quickly.

這意味著，只要再增加幾樣東西，我們就會很快超負荷。

So in that case, what is the best way to learn a new skill, especially a cognitive skill?

那麼，在這種情況下，學習新技能，尤其是認知技能的最佳方法是什麼呢？

Well, at the end of the day, all of that means that when we're learning a new skill, we should only ever be trying to experiment with one or two things at the same time.

歸根結底，所有這些都意味著，當我們學習一項新技能時，我們永遠只能同時嘗試一兩件事情。

So Suresh, who covered like 30% of the program in a month, would have learned over a dozen new techniques and each technique has two or three things to think about.

是以，蘇雷什在一個月內學習了課程的 30% 左右，就會學到十幾種新技術，而每種技術都有兩三個值得思考的地方。

So that means that Suresh would have been trying to juggle 20 or 30 things at any given time.

這就意味著，蘇雷什在任何時候都要同時處理二三十件事情。

He was completely overloaded and therefore his brain was not able to actually learn the skill.

他完全超負荷工作，是以大腦無法真正學習技能。

And this is exactly why some students, if they don't realize this trap, can spend months or even years trying to learn a new skill and feeling like it is impossible to get it right because no matter how much time they put into it, they do not seem to be improving.

這也正是為什麼有些學生如果沒有意識到這個陷阱，就會花費幾個月甚至幾年的時間來學習一項新技能，並覺得不可能學好，因為無論他們投入多少時間，似乎都沒有進步。

So here's the secret to learning any skill the right way.

是以，正確學習任何技能的祕訣就在這裡。

Always balance your new theory with practice.

始終在新理論與實踐之間保持平衡。

If you practice without any theory, it's aimless.

如果沒有理論指導，練習就會漫無目的。

If you practice with too much theory, you're getting overloaded.

如果你用太多的理論進行練習，你就會負擔過重。

So the trick is to balance new theory coming in with your existing skills becoming habits.

是以，訣竅在於平衡新理論與現有技能之間的關係，使之成為習慣。

Like I mentioned before, when skills become habits, your brain figures out a more efficient way to do it.

就像我之前提到的，當技能變成習慣時，你的大腦就會找出更有效的方法來完成它。

It doesn't require so many cognitive resources anymore.

它不再需要那麼多的認知資源。

And so the amount of cognitive resources it takes to perform the skill goes down as more of this new skill just starts to become an old habit.

是以，隨著越來越多的新技能開始成為一種舊習慣，執行技能所需的認知資源就會減少。

And eventually what took a lot of concentration to do now takes virtually no thinking at all and you can still do it just as accurately and just as consistently.

最終，以前需要集中精力才能做到的事情，現在幾乎不需要思考，而且還能做得一樣準確、一樣連貫。

We have freed up more cognitive resources to take in some new theory and turn those into habits.

我們騰出了更多的認知資源來接受一些新理論，並將其轉化為習慣。

For some skills and techniques, it can take weeks if not months to develop them into habits.

對於某些技能和技巧，要想將其培養成習慣，可能需要數週甚至數月的時間。

Whereas for some, it can just take a few hours.

而對有些人來說，可能只需要幾個小時。

And by balancing the theory with practice, we can achieve optimum skill growth where we are practicing and every time we practice, we're improving with focus and direction, but we're not getting overloaded.

通過理論與實踐的平衡，我們可以實現最佳的技能增長，在這種情況下，我們每次練習，都會有重點、有方向地提高，但又不會超負荷。

So here's what this looks like in practice.

Let's say we've only got five hours a week to practice.

假設我們每週只有五個小時的練習時間。

Now that is not probably enough to form new habits very quickly.

現在看來，這可能還不足以很快形成新習慣。

And so we're going to need to reduce the amount of new theory we take in.

是以，我們需要減少新理論的吸收量。

And because we've got a low amount of practice and therefore a low amount of theory, the two of them are aligned and we can achieve our optimum skill growth.

由於我們的實踐量少，是以理論量也少，兩者相輔相成，我們就能實現最佳的技能增長。

Now let's say we now have a little bit more free time and we want to dedicate a little bit more time to learning this skill.

現在，假設我們現在有了更多的空閒時間，我們想花更多的時間來學習這項技能。

So we have now 20 hours a week that we can dedicate to practice.

是以，我們現在每週有 20 個小時可以用於練習。

So the amount that we can practice has now gone up, which means we can also go up in the amount of theory we can take in.

是以，我們現在的實踐量增加了，這意味著我們可以吸收的理論量也增加了。