Name: 內外兼修。情感理論活了過來 (Inside Out: Emotional Theory Comes Alive)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T08:04:21.000Z
Duration: 9 min 23 s

理解藝術的個案研究：腦筋急轉彎

Western culture has a long history of emotional anxiety,

西方文化對於焦慮症是很有淵源的

Thinkers from the Classical period to the Modern

從古典時期到現代時期的思想家

將情感與理性相比時，都將彼此視為對立

as opposing forces vying for the mind's control.

An emotional person was seen as weak giving in

to the path of least resistance to base desires

Yoda: "Fear is the path to the Dark Side."

尤達：「恐懼是通往黑暗的道路。」

The strong on the other hand would rule their emotions with reason.

另一方面，強者會用理智來控制他們的情緒

"Everyone feels pressure; the point is don't let it show."

「每個人都感到壓力；重點是不要讓它顯示出來」

Disney personified this struggle in a short 8-minute cartoon

迪士尼將這種鬥爭在 1933 年具象化為一個 8 分鐘卡通短片

from 1933 called, aptly, 'Reason and Emotion'.

"Within the mind of each of us, these two wage a ceaseless battle for mastering."

「在我們每個人的心中，這兩個人為掌權而不停地吵架。」

The short is a lightly disguised propaganda piece

這部短片是一個輕微偽裝的宣傳片

在第二次世界大戰中使用的恐懼戰術

But it was nonetheless a point of reference for

但它仍然是腦筋急轉彎彼特·達克特導演

the Pixar team led by director Pete Docter,

Docter's film is a far more nuanced take on the

達克特的電影對心靈的內在運作

appropriate for a post-40 and post-culture evolution age

適合 40 年後和後文化進化時代的人

when we're encouraged, ostensibly at least,

The film tells the story of the eleven year old Riley

as she navigates a move across the country

更仔細地說，講述了他五個情緒

In this model, each day consists of discrete moments

隨著這個框架，每一天都是包含著

which are sent during sleep to a vast archive

在睡眠時，這些記憶會被送到龐大的

Very rarely, an experience is so formative

極少數情況下，有些經歷成為了萊莉的成長要素

goes on to form the basis of Riley's personality

並且各維持著一座塑造萊莉性格的個性島嶼

它們被想像為主題樂園似的島嶼

When Joy and Sadness are accidentally ejected

當樂樂和憂憂意外地從總部被彈出去

their cathartic journey through several other mental regions

他們透過經過不同的心志區域去宣洩情緒

The catharsis comes when Joy realises that

but essential, perhaps even more essential than she is

而是很重要，甚至可能比自己更能發揮作用去

且得到快樂，此刻，萊莉的情緒才得以宣洩

The film itself and its message to embrace

去擁抱悲傷，感受到我們此刻需要的情緒

這肯定是象徵我們對於長期的情感焦慮

But is this model of the mind and its emotions

但是，這個對心志以及情緒的模型

'Inside Out' bases its theory of emotions

大部分建構在保羅·艾克曼的研究成果

an influential scientist in the psychology of emotion

他是情緒心理學中一位有影響力的科學家

Ekman posits that there are seven basic emotions

包括電影裡的五個情緒再加兩個

the world over, Ekman says, and can be read

or facial recognition software like those

艾克曼幫助開發了一些有爭議的

have praised Inside Out for providing a model

the dominant one in the psychology of emotion

Indeed, the field is a far more fractious one

的確，這個領域比電影的科學顧問所接露的

than the film scientific consultants let on.

This model stands opposite to the key insights

這個模板與心理分析的主要論點是相違的

of psychoanalysis for example, which holds that

or distorted expressions of unconscious ideas

In other words, feelings of sadness or joy

Understanding them as specific entities is