Name: 為什麼臺灣在奧運會上不是 "臺灣"？ (Why Taiwan isn’t “Taiwan” at the Olympics)
Uploaded: 2024-08-12T07:29:34.000Z
Duration: 15 min 41 s

Last week, traveling down the Seine was a boat for a country that doesn't exist.

上週，沿著塞納河行駛的是一艘前往一個並不存在的國家的船。

Chinese Taipei first appeared in the 1984 Winter Olympics as a forced rebrand for this, the Republic of China, or as I'll call it in this video, Taiwan.

中華臺北首次出現在 1984 年冬奧會上，是中華民國（或我在本視頻中稱之為臺灣）的被迫改名。

Here's the real Taiwanese flag, and here is what you get at the Olympics.

這是真正的臺灣國旗，這是奧運會上的臺灣國旗。

這面旗幟只有在體育比賽中才會被免除。

Why is Taiwan, Chinese Taipei, in the Olympics?

為什麼中國臺北會參加奧運會？

The Chinese from Taipei were so determined to stay in the games that they wanted to participate in everything.

來自臺北的中國人一心要留在運動會上，什麼都想參加。

This story doesn't just track UN votes and the history of China and Taiwan.

這篇報道不僅追蹤了聯合國的投票和中國與臺灣的歷史。

This is way more complicated than what China wants.

It's about an island that has competed under six different names at the Olympics in under a century.

它講述的是一個小島在不到一個世紀的時間裡以六個不同的名字參加奧運會的故事。

It's about what sports means on the world stage and poisoned orange juice, yes, you heard me right.

這是關於體育在世界舞臺上的意義和毒橙汁，是的，你沒聽錯。

And it will make you think, maybe for the first time, about what's in a name.

它還會讓你思考，也許是第一次思考名字的含義。

Before you get to Chinese Taipei rolling up on the Seine, it all starts with the Taiwanese athlete or as they once competed, Japan.

在中國臺北駛上塞納河之前，一切都要從臺灣運動員說起。

I wanted to get in touch with you because of these papers that you've written.

因為你寫的這些論文，我想和你聯繫。

They're like oddly vivid, actually, and oddly like exciting storytelling about these sports traumas that have occurred.

實際上，它們就像奇特的生動故事，奇特地講述著這些發生過的運動創傷。

But you have this expertise in this very niche area of of China and also Taiwan in sports.

但你在中國大陸和臺灣體育這一非常小眾的領域擁有專業知識。

And I was just curious, how did you get into that?

我只是好奇，你是怎麼進入這個行業的？

When I lived in Taiwan for the first time in 1991, I first started at Donghai University, which is kind of on the outskirts of Taichung in central Taiwan, really beautiful campus, moved downtown to be closer to the language school.

1991 年，我第一次到臺灣生活，最初就讀於東海大學。東海大學位於臺灣中部的臺中市郊區，校園非常漂亮，後來搬到了市中心，離語言學校更近了。

And I ended up, by coincidence, living a couple blocks from the baseball stadium, not knowing anything about the Japanese history of bringing baseball to Taiwan.

機緣巧合之下，我住在離棒球場幾個街區的地方，對日本人把棒球帶到臺灣的歷史一無所知。

And obviously got to know that more closely, basic interest in sports, and then just kind of bumping into these instances that just by themselves, like, they just pop open with such interesting historical facts and surprises and stuff.

很顯然，我對體育的基本興趣讓我對體育有了更深入的瞭解，然後又偶然發現了這些事例，這些事例本身就充滿了有趣的史實和驚喜。

For a period of 50 years, from 1895 until the end of World War II, Taiwan was a colony of Japan.

從 1895 年到第二次世界大戰結束的 50 年間，臺灣一直是日本的殖民地。

This map is from 1894, it features China, Japan, and Formosa, what we'd call Taiwan now.

這幅地圖是 1894 年繪製的，上面有中國、日本和福摩薩，也就是我們現在所說的臺灣。

Formosa is kind of foreshadowing, by the way, but it is a part of Taiwanese history.

順便說一句，福爾摩沙是一種預示，但它是臺灣歷史的一部分。

It's from the Portuguese Ilha Formosa, for beautiful island.

它來自葡萄牙語 Ilha Formosa，意為美麗的島嶼。

In 1895, with a brief intervening independent rule, it went from China to Japan.

1895 年，在短暫的獨立統治期間，它從中國歸屬日本。

You can see it at the edge of this 1933 map of the Japanese Empire.

您可以在這張 1933 年的日本帝國地圖邊緣看到它。

And in the Olympics, Taiwanese athletes competed as Japanese, even taking Japanese names like

在奧運會上，臺灣運動員以日本人的身份參賽，甚至取日本名字，如

In Taiwan, you got to choose if you wanted to take a Japanese name.

在臺灣，你可以選擇是否使用日本名字。

But it was a way to show that you were all in.

但這是一種表明你全情投入的方式。

That same logic drives Taiwanese who volunteered to fight in World War II for Japan.

同樣的邏輯也驅使臺灣人在第二次世界大戰中自願為日本參戰。

They don't know that Japan is going to have to give back Taiwan in 1945.

他們不知道，日本將不得不在 1945 年歸還臺灣。

At the same time, China wasn't the People's Republic of China.

同時，中國也不是中華人民共和國。

They were the Republic of China from 1912 to 1949, and they took tentative steps onto the Olympic stage.

他們是 1912 年至 1949 年的中華民國，他們在奧林匹克舞臺上邁出了試探性的步伐。

In 1932, the Republic of China, it's just a guy.

1932 年，中華民國，只是一個人。

Their Olympic team is a guy and his coach, right?

他們的奧運代表隊就是一個人和他的教練，對嗎？

Obviously, they were hoping to be able to send more of a team than that, but this is the time of national crisis and the Japanese had just invaded.

顯然，他們希望能夠派出比這更多的隊伍，但此時正值國難當頭，日本人剛剛入侵。

And so it made it much more difficult for them to get a team together.

這樣一來，他們就更難組建團隊了。

If things had been better, they would have sent a full team like they did in 1936.

如果情況好一些，他們會像 1936 年那樣派出一個完整的團隊。

There was a brief pause in the Olympic Games after that because of the guy on page seven of the Berlin Olympics report.

此後，由於柏林奧運會報告第七頁上的那個人，奧運會出現了短暫的停頓。

But then suddenly you had a new name on the name tag.

但突然間，你的名牌上多了一個新名字。

Japan had to give up Taiwan after World War II, and it was listed officially as China in the Olympics.

二戰後，日本不得不放棄臺灣，並在奧運會上將臺灣正式列為中國。

You can see China here in the opening ceremony, and they were listed as China with this Republic of China flag.

你可以在開幕式上看到中國，他們被列為中國，並插著這面中華民國國旗。

But it is in 1949 that a new era truly began.

但是，1949 年才真正開啟了一個新時代。

Since 1949, this narrow body of water has been both a symbolic and a realistic moat, separating the Taiwan island complex from the coast of the communist held mainland of

自 1949 年以來，這片狹長的水域既是一條象徵性的護城河，也是一條現實性的護城河，將臺灣島群與共產黨控制的大陸海岸分隔開來。

The communist takeover of China turned the mainland into the People's Republic of China and Taiwan into the Republic of China because of all the people who fled there.

共產黨接管中國後，大陸變成了中華人民共和國，臺灣變成了中華民國，因為所有的人都逃到那裡去了。

That makes this the new name for Taiwanese athletes.

這讓它成為臺灣運動員的新名稱。

It is hard to overestimate the next 30 years of chaos and drama.

很難高估未來 30 年的混亂和戲劇性。

Now Taiwan was the Republic of China, the country's official name even today.

現在，臺灣是中華民國，這個國家的正式名稱一直沿用至今。

The USSR, making its Olympic debut, dragged the PRC into the next Olympics.

首次參加奧運會的蘇聯將中華人民共和國拖入了下一屆奧運會。

The PRC went in the Olympics at the last minute, and the Republic of China boycotted in protest.

中華人民共和國在最後一刻參加了奧運會，中華民國抵制以示抗議。

Remember, they both believed that they were the real China.

請記住，他們都相信自己才是真正的中國。

And so this Olympics naming controversy became a Cold War sideshow.

於是，這場奧運會命名之爭就成了冷戰時期的雜耍。

The next Olympic year, 1956, you began a long period in which Taiwan, the Republic of China, was the sole representative at the Olympics.

下一個奧運年，即 1956 年，開始了中華民國臺灣作為唯一代表參加奧運會的漫長時期。

They competed that year, and in 1960, they had an epic Olympics thanks to indigenous

這一年，他們參加了比賽，1960 年，由於土著人的努力，他們舉辦了一屆史詩般的奧運會。

Taiwanese athlete CK Yang and American Rafer Johnson.

臺灣運動員 CK Yang 和美國運動員 Rafer Johnson。

兩人曾是加州大學洛杉磯分校的隊友。

They crumpled into each other at those 1960 Olympics, and Johnson won gold while Yang pulled silver.

在 1960 年的奧運會上，兩人不期而遇，約翰遜奪得金牌，而楊振寧則摘得銀牌。

The best recounting of it is in Andrew Morse's paper, which I have linked on Patreon.

安德魯-莫爾斯（Andrew Morse）的論文對此做了最好的描述，我已將其鏈接到 Patreon 上。

And every time I put out a video, I also put out a free newsletter with a little article.

每次我發佈視頻時，都會同時發佈一份免費的時事通訊，並附上一篇小文章。

And so that's what I've dedicated the article this time to, all about this friendship between

這就是我這次寫這篇文章的目的，也是關於我們之間的友誼。

Johnson and Yang, and also the coach that was kind of the glue for them to get together and compete so well at UCLA and at the Olympics.

約翰遜和楊，還有那個讓他們走到一起並在加州大學洛杉磯分校和奧運會上取得優異成績的教練。

So if you want to see that, go there, sign up.

如果你想看，就去那裡報名吧。

You'll be able to read Andrew Morse's article at the link, and you can also read my pitch for what should totally be a movie.

您可以通過鏈接閱讀安德魯-莫爾斯（Andrew Morse）的文章，也可以閱讀我關於完全應該拍成電影的建議。

CK Yang being an indigenous Taiwanese who's born during the Japanese period in this kind of far off, you know, eastern part of Taiwan.

CK Yang 是日據時代出生在臺灣東部偏遠地區的臺灣本地人。

The fact that in 1960 and 64, he's held up as the symbol of the Chinese nation was just fascinating.

在 1960 年和 64 年，他被視為中華民族的象徵，這實在令人著迷。

But notice Yang's flag and TWN on the scoreboard, Republic of China flag, Taiwan abbreviation.

但請注意記分牌上的楊國旗和 TWN，中華民國國旗，臺灣縮寫。

Yet they were formally called Formosa that year.

然而，這一年它們被正式稱為福摩薩。

They used this name under protest, and it was an indicator of the tension over naming that still existed.

他們在抗議之下使用了這個名字，這表明在命名問題上的緊張關係依然存在。

Trying to, again, thread that needle of make a protest, but not, not get in trouble and not danger CK Yang's chances.

他試圖再次穿針引線，既要提出抗議，又不能惹上麻煩，更不能危及長江楊的機會。

By 1964, they became Taiwan at the Olympics, a name that they actually kind of didn't like.

到了 1964 年，他們在奧運會上變成了臺灣，這個名字其實他們並不喜歡。

You can imagine a very different history if they had accepted Taiwan.

你可以想象，如果他們接受了臺灣，歷史將截然不同。

They'd be in the United Nations if they could have accepted Taiwan.

如果他們能接受臺灣，他們早就加入聯合國了。

But it's only 15 years since that regime had to relocate from China to Taiwan.

但該政權不得不從中國遷往臺灣，至今不過 15 年。

And there were a lot of people that were really hoping they could get back there, that the ROC could defeat the communists.

很多人都希望他們能回到那裡，希望中華民國能打敗共產黨。

So the government couldn't just say, forget it, we're here now, we're not going back.

是以，政府不能說，算了吧，我們現在就在這裡，不回去了。

I mean, they had to keep talking about going back.

我的意思是，他們不得不繼續談論回去。

Reconquest talk only really goes away in the very late 80s.

只有到了 80 年代末，"重建 "的說法才會真正消失。

CK Yang was a Sports Illustrated cover model as the world's best athlete, and he was a favorite to win the decathlon in 1964.

楊振寧曾是《體育畫報》的封面人物，被譽為世界最佳運動員，1964 年他是十項全能比賽的奪冠熱門。

It was later revealed that his teammates were PRC spies who secretly poisoned his orange juice so that he wouldn't perform so well.

後來人們發現，他的隊友是中共間諜，他們在他的橙汁裡偷偷下毒，這樣他的表現就不會那麼好了。

He got the news 30 years later, and he'd never been quite sure what had happened and why he was just so out of sorts that day.

30 年後，他得到了這個消息，他一直都不太清楚到底發生了什麼，為什麼那天他會如此失常。

雷福德-約翰遜（Rayford Johnson）寫過這方面的文章。

After I published an article about him, I was contacted by a family member who said that they didn't think that he had been drugged.

在我發表了一篇關於他的文章後，一位家人聯繫了我，他說他們不認為他被下了藥。

They thought that the narrative of him being drugged was one further political twist, that the government had had to make up the story of him being drugged in order to explain him not winning the gold medal and winning glory in 1964.

他們認為，他被下藥的說法是另一種政治扭曲，政府不得不編造他被下藥的故事，以解釋他在 1964 年沒有獲得金牌和贏得榮譽的原因。

Still, by the 1970s, they earned back that Republic of China name, and the PRC was still out.

不過，到了 20 世紀 70 年代，他們還是贏回了中華民國的稱號，而中華人民共和國還是被淘汰了。