Chinese Taipei first appeared in the 1984 Winter Olympics as a forced rebrand for this, the Republic of China, or as I'll call it in this video, Taiwan.

中華臺北首次出現在 1984 年冬奧會上，是中華民國（或我在本視頻中稱之為臺灣）的被迫改名。

Here's the real Taiwanese flag, and here is what you get at the Olympics.

這是真正的臺灣國旗，這是奧運會上的臺灣國旗。

This flag is only waived for sports.

這面旗幟只有在體育比賽中才會被免除。

How did this happen?

怎麼會這樣？

Why is Taiwan, Chinese Taipei, in the Olympics?

為什麼中國臺北會參加奧運會？

The Chinese from Taipei were so determined to stay in the games that they wanted to participate in everything.

來自臺北的中國人一心要留在運動會上，什麼都想參加。

This story doesn't just track UN votes and the history of China and Taiwan.

這篇報道不僅追蹤了聯合國的投票和中國與臺灣的歷史。

This is way more complicated than what China wants.

這比中國想要的要複雜得多。

It's about an island that has competed under six different names at the Olympics in under a century.

它講述的是一個小島在不到一個世紀的時間裡以六個不同的名字參加奧運會的故事。

It's about what sports means on the world stage and poisoned orange juice, yes, you heard me right.

這是關於體育在世界舞臺上的意義和毒橙汁，是的，你沒聽錯。

And it will make you think, maybe for the first time, about what's in a name.

它還會讓你思考，也許是第一次思考名字的含義。

I need friends.

我需要朋友

Before you get to Chinese Taipei rolling up on the Seine, it all starts with the Taiwanese athlete or as they once competed, Japan.

在中國臺北駛上塞納河之前，一切都要從臺灣運動員說起。

I wanted to get in touch with you because of these papers that you've written.

因為你寫的這些論文，我想和你聯繫。

They're like oddly vivid, actually, and oddly like exciting storytelling about these sports traumas that have occurred.

實際上，它們就像奇特的生動故事，奇特地講述著這些發生過的運動創傷。

But you have this expertise in this very niche area of of China and also Taiwan in sports.

但你在中國大陸和臺灣體育這一非常小眾的領域擁有專業知識。

And I was just curious, how did you get into that?

我只是好奇，你是怎麼進入這個行業的？

When I lived in Taiwan for the first time in 1991, I first started at Donghai University, which is kind of on the outskirts of Taichung in central Taiwan, really beautiful campus, moved downtown to be closer to the language school.

1991 年，我第一次到臺灣生活，最初就讀於東海大學。東海大學位於臺灣中部的臺中市郊區，校園非常漂亮，後來搬到了市中心，離語言學校更近了。

And I ended up, by coincidence, living a couple blocks from the baseball stadium, not knowing anything about the Japanese history of bringing baseball to Taiwan.

機緣巧合之下，我住在離棒球場幾個街區的地方，對日本人把棒球帶到臺灣的歷史一無所知。

And obviously got to know that more closely, basic interest in sports, and then just kind of bumping into these instances that just by themselves, like, they just pop open with such interesting historical facts and surprises and stuff.

很顯然，我對體育的基本興趣讓我對體育有了更深入的瞭解，然後又偶然發現了這些事例，這些事例本身就充滿了有趣的史實和驚喜。

For a period of 50 years, from 1895 until the end of World War II, Taiwan was a colony of Japan.

從 1895 年到第二次世界大戰結束的 50 年間，臺灣一直是日本的殖民地。

This map is from 1894, it features China, Japan, and Formosa, what we'd call Taiwan now.

這幅地圖是 1894 年繪製的，上面有中國、日本和福摩薩，也就是我們現在所說的臺灣。

Formosa is kind of foreshadowing, by the way, but it is a part of Taiwanese history.

順便說一句，福爾摩沙是一種預示，但它是臺灣歷史的一部分。

It's from the Portuguese Ilha Formosa, for beautiful island.

它來自葡萄牙語 Ilha Formosa，意為美麗的島嶼。

In 1895, with a brief intervening independent rule, it went from China to Japan.

1895 年，在短暫的獨立統治期間，它從中國歸屬日本。

You can see it at the edge of this 1933 map of the Japanese Empire.

您可以在這張 1933 年的日本帝國地圖邊緣看到它。

And in the Olympics, Taiwanese athletes competed as Japanese, even taking Japanese names like

在奧運會上，臺灣運動員以日本人的身份參賽，甚至取日本名字，如

Seiken Cho.

Seiken Cho.

In Taiwan, you got to choose if you wanted to take a Japanese name.

在臺灣，你可以選擇是否使用日本名字。

But it was a way to show that you were all in.

但這是一種表明你全情投入的方式。

That same logic drives Taiwanese who volunteered to fight in World War II for Japan.

同樣的邏輯也驅使臺灣人在第二次世界大戰中自願為日本參戰。

They don't know that Japan is going to have to give back Taiwan in 1945.

他們不知道，日本將不得不在 1945 年歸還臺灣。

To them, we're Japanese.

對他們來說，我們是日本人。

Notice the flag on his shirt.

注意他襯衫上的國旗。

It's Japan's.

是日本的。

At the same time, China wasn't the People's Republic of China.

同時，中國也不是中華人民共和國。

They were the Republic of China from 1912 to 1949, and they took tentative steps onto the Olympic stage.

他們是 1912 年至 1949 年的中華民國，他們在奧林匹克舞臺上邁出了試探性的步伐。

In 1932, the Republic of China, it's just a guy.

1932 年，中華民國，只是一個人。

Their Olympic team is a guy and his coach, right?

他們的奧運代表隊就是一個人和他的教練，對嗎？

I mean, that's...

我的意思是...

Obviously, they were hoping to be able to send more of a team than that, but this is the time of national crisis and the Japanese had just invaded.

顯然，他們希望能夠派出比這更多的隊伍，但此時正值國難當頭，日本人剛剛入侵。

And so it made it much more difficult for them to get a team together.

這樣一來，他們就更難組建團隊了。

If things had been better, they would have sent a full team like they did in 1936.

如果情況好一些，他們會像 1936 年那樣派出一個完整的團隊。

There was a brief pause in the Olympic Games after that because of the guy on page seven of the Berlin Olympics report.

此後，由於柏林奧運會報告第七頁上的那個人，奧運會出現了短暫的停頓。

But then suddenly you had a new name on the name tag.

但突然間，你的名牌上多了一個新名字。

Japan had to give up Taiwan after World War II, and it was listed officially as China in the Olympics.

二戰後，日本不得不放棄臺灣，並在奧運會上將臺灣正式列為中國。

You can see China here in the opening ceremony, and they were listed as China with this Republic of China flag.

你可以在開幕式上看到中國，他們被列為中國，並插著這面中華民國國旗。

But it is in 1949 that a new era truly began.

但是，1949 年才真正開啟了一個新時代。

Since 1949, this narrow body of water has been both a symbolic and a realistic moat, separating the Taiwan island complex from the coast of the communist held mainland of

自 1949 年以來，這片狹長的水域既是一條象徵性的護城河，也是一條現實性的護城河，將臺灣島群與共產黨控制的大陸海岸分隔開來。

China.

中國。

The communist takeover of China turned the mainland into the People's Republic of China and Taiwan into the Republic of China because of all the people who fled there.

共產黨接管中國後，大陸變成了中華人民共和國，臺灣變成了中華民國，因為所有的人都逃到那裡去了。

That makes this the new name for Taiwanese athletes.

這讓它成為臺灣運動員的新名稱。

It is hard to overestimate the next 30 years of chaos and drama.

很難高估未來 30 年的混亂和戲劇性。

This was the peak.

這是高峰。

Now Taiwan was the Republic of China, the country's official name even today.

現在，臺灣是中華民國，這個國家的正式名稱一直沿用至今。

The USSR, making its Olympic debut, dragged the PRC into the next Olympics.

首次參加奧運會的蘇聯將中華人民共和國拖入了下一屆奧運會。

The 1952 Olympic Games are on.

1952 年奧運會開幕了

This led to immediate conflict.

這立即導致了衝突。

The PRC went in the Olympics at the last minute, and the Republic of China boycotted in protest.

中華人民共和國在最後一刻參加了奧運會，中華民國抵制以示抗議。

Remember, they both believed that they were the real China.

請記住，他們都相信自己才是真正的中國。

And so this Olympics naming controversy became a Cold War sideshow.

於是，這場奧運會命名之爭就成了冷戰時期的雜耍。

The next Olympic year, 1956, you began a long period in which Taiwan, the Republic of China, was the sole representative at the Olympics.

下一個奧運年，即 1956 年，開始了中華民國臺灣作為唯一代表參加奧運會的漫長時期。

The games are beginning.

比賽開始了。

They competed that year, and in 1960, they had an epic Olympics thanks to indigenous

這一年，他們參加了比賽，1960 年，由於土著人的努力，他們舉辦了一屆史詩般的奧運會。

Taiwanese athlete CK Yang and American Rafer Johnson.

臺灣運動員 CK Yang 和美國運動員 Rafer Johnson。

The duo had been teammates at UCLA.

兩人曾是加州大學洛杉磯分校的隊友。

They crumpled into each other at those 1960 Olympics, and Johnson won gold while Yang pulled silver.

在 1960 年的奧運會上，兩人不期而遇，約翰遜奪得金牌，而楊振寧則摘得銀牌。

Seriously, this should be a movie.

說真的，這應該拍成電影。

The best recounting of it is in Andrew Morse's paper, which I have linked on Patreon.

安德魯-莫爾斯（Andrew Morse）的論文對此做了最好的描述，我已將其鏈接到 Patreon 上。

And every time I put out a video, I also put out a free newsletter with a little article.

每次我發佈視頻時，都會同時發佈一份免費的時事通訊，並附上一篇小文章。

And so that's what I've dedicated the article this time to, all about this friendship between

這就是我這次寫這篇文章的目的，也是關於我們之間的友誼。

Johnson and Yang, and also the coach that was kind of the glue for them to get together and compete so well at UCLA and at the Olympics.

約翰遜和楊，還有那個讓他們走到一起並在加州大學洛杉磯分校和奧運會上取得優異成績的教練。

So if you want to see that, go there, sign up.

如果你想看，就去那裡報名吧。

It is totally free.

它完全免費。

You'll be able to read Andrew Morse's article at the link, and you can also read my pitch for what should totally be a movie.

您可以通過鏈接閱讀安德魯-莫爾斯（Andrew Morse）的文章，也可以閱讀我關於完全應該拍成電影的建議。

CK Yang being an indigenous Taiwanese who's born during the Japanese period in this kind of far off, you know, eastern part of Taiwan.

CK Yang 是日據時代出生在臺灣東部偏遠地區的臺灣本地人。

The fact that in 1960 and 64, he's held up as the symbol of the Chinese nation was just fascinating.

在 1960 年和 64 年，他被視為中華民族的象徵，這實在令人著迷。

But notice Yang's flag and TWN on the scoreboard, Republic of China flag, Taiwan abbreviation.

但請注意記分牌上的楊國旗和 TWN，中華民國國旗，臺灣縮寫。

Yet they were formally called Formosa that year.

然而，這一年它們被正式稱為福摩薩。

They used this name under protest, and it was an indicator of the tension over naming that still existed.

他們在抗議之下使用了這個名字，這表明在命名問題上的緊張關係依然存在。

Trying to, again, thread that needle of make a protest, but not, not get in trouble and not danger CK Yang's chances.

他試圖再次穿針引線，既要提出抗議，又不能惹上麻煩，更不能危及長江楊的機會。

By 1964, they became Taiwan at the Olympics, a name that they actually kind of didn't like.

到了 1964 年，他們在奧運會上變成了臺灣，這個名字其實他們並不喜歡。

You can imagine a very different history if they had accepted Taiwan.

你可以想象，如果他們接受了臺灣，歷史將截然不同。

They'd be in the United Nations if they could have accepted Taiwan.

如果他們能接受臺灣，他們早就加入聯合國了。

Their history would be very different.

他們的歷史將截然不同。

But it's only 15 years since that regime had to relocate from China to Taiwan.

但該政權不得不從中國遷往臺灣，至今不過 15 年。

And there were a lot of people that were really hoping they could get back there, that the ROC could defeat the communists.

很多人都希望他們能回到那裡，希望中華民國能打敗共產黨。

So the government couldn't just say, forget it, we're here now, we're not going back.

是以，政府不能說，算了吧，我們現在就在這裡，不回去了。

I mean, they had to keep talking about going back.

我的意思是，他們不得不繼續談論回去。

Reconquest talk only really goes away in the very late 80s.

只有到了 80 年代末，"重建 "的說法才會真正消失。

This feud also rippled onto the field.

這種恩怨也波及到了球場上。

CK Yang was a Sports Illustrated cover model as the world's best athlete, and he was a favorite to win the decathlon in 1964.

楊振寧曾是《體育畫報》的封面人物，被譽為世界最佳運動員，1964 年他是十項全能比賽的奪冠熱門。

It was later revealed that his teammates were PRC spies who secretly poisoned his orange juice so that he wouldn't perform so well.

後來人們發現，他的隊友是中共間諜，他們在他的橙汁裡偷偷下毒，這樣他的表現就不會那麼好了。

He got the news 30 years later, and he'd never been quite sure what had happened and why he was just so out of sorts that day.

30 年後，他得到了這個消息，他一直都不太清楚到底發生了什麼，為什麼那天他會如此失常。

Rayford Johnson wrote about it.

雷福德-約翰遜（Rayford Johnson）寫過這方面的文章。

I'm inclined to believe that narrative.

我傾向於相信這種說法。

After I published an article about him, I was contacted by a family member who said that they didn't think that he had been drugged.

在我發表了一篇關於他的文章後，一位家人聯繫了我，他說他們不認為他被下了藥。

They thought that the narrative of him being drugged was one further political twist, that the government had had to make up the story of him being drugged in order to explain him not winning the gold medal and winning glory in 1964.

他們認為，他被下藥的說法是另一種政治扭曲，政府不得不編造他被下藥的故事，以解釋他在 1964 年沒有獲得金牌和贏得榮譽的原因。

Still, by the 1970s, they earned back that Republic of China name, and the PRC was still out.

不過，到了 20 世紀 70 年代，他們還是贏回了中華民國的稱號，而中華人民共和國還是被淘汰了。

So the question you should have now is, how does the Republic of China get turned into

所以，你們現在應該問的問題是，中華民國是如何變成

Chinese Taipei over the next 10 years?

中國臺北在未來 10 年內將如何發展？

The meeting between the leaders of China and the United States is to seek the normalization of relations between the two countries.

中美兩國領導人會晤的目的是尋求兩國關係正常化。

I am showing you Nixon in China because everybody recognizes that, but it is also just a symbol of a broader point, which is that the PRC had a big coming out party in the 1970s.

我向你們展示尼克松在中國，是因為每個人都認識到這一點，但這也只是一個象徵，象徵著一個更廣泛的觀點，那就是中國在 20 世紀 70 年代舉行了一次盛大的 "出櫃派對"。

They were ready to vault under the world stage in a bunch of ways, including at the Olympics.

他們已經準備好通過各種方式，包括奧運會，在世界舞臺上嶄露頭角。

The UN essentially booted the Republic of China in favor of the PRC, and the United

聯合國基本上把中華民國踢給了中華人民共和國，而美國

States normalized relations with the PRC while basically agreeing to kind of smile and nod at Taiwan without explicitly recognizing it.

美國在與中華人民共和國實現關係正常化的同時，基本上同意對臺灣微笑點頭，但沒有明確承認臺灣。

China was getting closer to Olympic acceptance.

中國離被奧運接納的日子越來越近了。

To get in, you had to join sports federations, and China did that one by one, kind of like assembling an army.

要想加入，就必須加入體育聯合會，而中國是一個接一個地加入，有點像集結軍隊。

And in 1975, China did it.

1975 年，中國做到了。

But the Chinese wanted Taiwan completely excluded from the Olympics.

但中國人希望臺灣完全被排除在奧運會之外。

In 1976, the IOC was going to let Taiwan compete as a Republic of China, but Canada actually got in the way and said that they had to follow the PRC's rules.

1976 年，國際奧委會本打算讓臺灣作為中華民國參賽，但加拿大居然從中作梗，說他們必須遵守中華人民共和國的規則。

Taiwan refused.

臺灣拒絕了。

And Trudeau has this great line where he says, we love the Taiwanese, we just don't call them Chinese.

特魯多有句話說得很好，他說：我們愛臺灣人，只是不叫他們中國人。

Taiwan boycotted Lake Placid, and both nations boycotted Moscow in 1980.

臺灣抵制普萊西德湖，兩國在 1980 年抵制莫斯科。

By 1984, Taiwan had less leverage and capitulated to the best option that they had.

到 1984 年，臺灣的籌碼減少了，於是屈服於他們所擁有的最佳選擇。

Not Republic of China, not Taiwan, but a new, very bizarre name.

不是中華民國，不是臺灣，而是一個非常怪異的新名字。

Chinese Taipei.

中國臺北。

The Chinese Taipei era is what has continued through to today.

中國臺北時代一直延續至今。

And it's weird.

而且很奇怪。

One of the other problems with Chinese Taipei, besides it being absurd on the face of it, the Chinese name can also be played with.

中國臺北的另一個問題是，除了從表面上看很荒唐之外，中國的名字也可以被玩弄於股掌之間。

What in Taiwan they call Zhonghua Taipei, which is about the cultural Chineseness.

在臺灣，他們稱之為 "中華臺北"，是關於中國文化的。

In China, they take another meaning of the English word Chinese and call it Zhongguo

在中國，他們把英語單詞 Chinese 的另一個意思稱為 Zhongguo

Taipei, which means China the nation, Taipei that belongs to China the nation.

臺北，意為中華民族，屬於中華民族的臺北。

That's kind of like the beauty of Chinese Taipei in a certain way, if such an absurd thing can be called beautiful, is that it incorporates both imaginations of that.

這在某種程度上有點像中國臺北的美，如果這種荒誕的東西也能被稱為美的話，那就是它融合了這兩種想象。

You can imagine it's just the cultural Chineseness of most of Taiwan.

可以想象，這就是臺灣大部分地區的中國文化特色。

Or if you're on the PRC side, you can say, see, it's proof.

或者，如果你站在中華人民共和國一邊，你可以說，看，這就是證據。

A couple of years ago, they had to agree to promise Chinese Taipei to carry only their national Olympic flag, not their national flag.

幾年前，他們不得不同意答應中國臺北只懸掛本國的奧林匹克旗幟，而不是國旗。

China is now recognized to be the People's Republic of China.

中國現在被承認為中華人民共和國。

Taiwan has occasionally rebelled against the mandatory name and flag.

臺灣偶爾也會反抗強制性名稱和旗幟。

We have a slight delay, a little bit of garbage on the track here at Canada Olympic Park.

加拿大奧林匹克公園的賽道上有點垃圾，我們的比賽稍有延遲。

In 1988, bobsledders were sternly warned for this.

1988 年，雪橇運動員是以受到嚴厲警告。

Do you see their flag on the helmet?

你看到頭盔上的國旗了嗎？

The Republic of China, Taiwan flag on their helmet instead of the Chinese Taipei one.

頭盔上掛的是中華民國國旗，而不是中國臺北國旗。

This was breaking a big taboo and they got in a lot of trouble for it.

這犯了大忌，他們是以惹上了很多麻煩。

Protesters doing the same kind of thing with the flag have been arrested even in the United

即使在美國，也有抗議者因國旗而被捕。

States.

各州。

But in 2018, this came to a head with a referendum that Taiwanese voters rejected.

但在 2018 年，隨著臺灣選民否決公投，這一問題迎刃而解。

They decided it was better to be Chinese Taipei than not to compete at all.

他們決定，與其不參加比賽，不如成為中國臺北。

So let me tell you why I made this video.

讓我來告訴你我為什麼要製作這段視頻。

It is obviously really interesting to track the history of China and Taiwan through their

通過中國和臺灣的歷史來追蹤它們的歷史，顯然是非常有趣的。

Olympics appearances, and there's a lot there.

奧運會上的亮相，有很多內容。

But I actually made it because my last video was about the 1980 boycott in Moscow.

但實際上，我之所以製作這個視頻，是因為我的上一個視頻是關於 1980 年莫斯科的抵制活動的。

And I came down pretty clearly on one side, I thought the boycott was a bad idea.

我非常明確地站在一邊，我認為抵制是個壞主意。

But then I did a poll on YouTube and Spotify and it became clear that to a lot of you, the situation was more complicated than that.

但後來我在 YouTube 和 Spotify 上做了一個民意調查，結果發現對很多人來說，情況比這更復雜。

But when it comes to Chinese Taipei, the choice is like super crystal clear.

但說到中國臺北，選擇就像超級水晶般清晰。

Here you have national identity.

這裡有國家認同。

What is more important to that?

什麼比這更重要？

Is it getting to compete in the Olympics or is it the name that you get to use?

是要參加奧運會，還是要使用自己的名字？

Which one of these matters to you?

其中哪一個對你來說重要？

Do you play with the name tag that's given to you?

你會玩別人給你的名牌嗎？

Or do you sit out until you can choose what's written on it?

還是在你可以選擇寫在上面的內容之前坐等？

Taiwan, Chinese Taipei thing, should they compete?

臺灣、中國臺北的事情，他們應該競爭嗎？

Should they boycott?

他們應該抵制嗎？

My real opinion is I respect the voters of Taiwan.

我的真實想法是，我尊重臺灣的選民。

They voted on this in a referendum.

他們在全民公決中對此進行了投票。

That's their vote.

這就是他們的投票。

It's their country.

這是他們的國家。

I don't know anything about it.

我對此一無所知。

However, I will give you my second real opinion, which is that if you ignore the first one,

不過，我還是要告訴你我的第二個真實想法，那就是，如果你忽略了第一個想法、

I think they should sit it out.

我認為他們應該袖手旁觀。

I think they should boycott.

我認為他們應該抵制。

I mean, what is the point of representing your country if you can't represent your country?

我的意思是，如果你不能代表你的國家，代表你的國家又有什麼意義呢？

It's wrong.

這是不對的。

That's what I think.

我就是這麼想的。

I want to hear what you think, though.

不過，我想聽聽你們的意見。

I want to hear your discussion of this.

我想聽聽你們對此的討論。

Thank you for being here.

感謝您的光臨。

As I mentioned, I have all the sources linked down below and reaction video and other stuff up on Patreon, as well as that free article.

正如我提到的，我在 Patreon 上有所有資料來源的鏈接，還有反應視頻和其他東西，以及那篇免費文章。

And I hope to see you in the next one.

我希望能在下一屆比賽中見到你。

All right.

好的

Bye.

再見。

Oh, wow.

哦，哇

I said this was a cookie.

我說這是一塊餅乾。

This is not like a cookie.

這和餅乾不一樣。

Oh, yeah.

哦，是的