Name: 孟加拉國的伊斯蘭政黨有機會執政嗎？| DW 新聞 (Could Bangladesh's Islamist party come to power? | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-02-05T17:26:15.000Z
Duration: 13 min 40 s

Bangladesh is gearing up for elections next week, the first vote since the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina.

孟加拉下週將迎來大選，這是謝赫·哈西娜下臺後首次投票。

And the country is now reckoning with the growth of an Islamist movement.

而這個國家現在正面對一個伊斯蘭主義運動的崛起。

情態副詞

Previously on the fringes of electoral politics.

過去這個運動一直處於邊緣政治的狀態。

The Jamaat e Islami party is often criticized for its hardline views, particularly on women.

伊斯蘭大會黨常因其強硬的立場而受到批評，尤其是在女性議題上。

But it's attempting to rebrand itself as a moderate political force and senses its biggest chance at gaining power in decades.

但他們正試圖將自己重新塑造成一股溫和的政治力量，並感覺這是數十年來最有機會掌權的時刻。

It's a dramatic turnaround for the Jamaat e Islami party.

對於伊斯蘭大會黨來說，這是一個戲劇性的轉變。

Hundreds of thousands of Bangladeshis have been showing up in Jama' at's political rallies.

成千上萬的孟加拉人正湧向伊斯蘭大會黨的政治集會。

The fiery leader Shafikur Rehman is promising an Islamic welfare state, a model that's a mix of religion and politics.

充滿激情的領導人 Shafikur Rehman 承諾建立一個伊斯蘭福利國家，一個結合宗教與政治的模式。

And his views are resonating with many, including women.

他的觀點引起了許多人的共鳴，包括女性。

Jamaat e Islami is not merely a religious.

伊斯蘭大會黨不只是一個宗教團體。

Rather it is an institution and a center of education.

它更像是一個機構和教育中心。

From our personal lives to family, social and state life, Jama' at e Islami promotes a practical Islamic way of life in every sphere.

從個人生活到家庭、社會和國家生活，伊斯蘭大會黨在各個領域都推廣實踐的伊斯蘭生活方式。

Through this approach, peace can be established in society, corruption can be eliminated, and

透過這種方法，可以建立社會和平，消除腐敗，

a justice based social system can be built.

並建立一個基於正義的社會體系。

Jamaat opposed Bangladesh 1971 Liberation War.

伊斯蘭大會黨反對孟加拉國1971年的獨立戰爭。

Many of its leaders were hanged after they were prosecuted by the government of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.

許多黨的領導人在被前總理謝赫·哈西娜政府起訴後被處以絞刑。

The party was also banned in 2013 under Hasina's rule.

該黨在哈西娜執政期間也於2013年被禁止。

And now, years later, the tables have turned.

而現在，多年過去了，情勢已經逆轉。

Jama' at has allied with the Student Party whose leaders led the uprising that ousted Hasina.

伊斯蘭大會黨已與學生黨結盟，該黨領導人曾領導了推翻哈西娜的起義。

A political shift in favor of Jamaat, a party that has not fielded a single woman candidate, is making many progressive Bangladeshis deeply uncomfortable.

伊斯蘭大會黨的崛起讓許多進步派的孟加拉人感到不安，因為這個黨從未提名過任何女性候選人。

Watch this clip from an Al Jazeera interview.

一起來看看這段半島電視臺的訪談片段。

What about the position of the head of the Jamaat?

那伊斯蘭大會黨領導人的立場又是如何呢？

未來會有女性接替您的位置嗎？

It's not possible because Allah made everyone in its own entity.

這是不可能的，因為真主造就了每個人，讓他們有各自的定位。

For students here at Dhaka University, Jamaat's conservative views on women's role in society are worrying.

對於這裡的達卡大學學生來說，伊斯蘭大會黨對女性在社會上角色的保守觀點，確實讓人擔憂。

The recent rise and assertiveness of Jamaat e Islami deeply concerns me.

伊斯蘭大會黨近期的崛起和強勢作為，讓我很擔心。

They repeatedly use religion as a political tool which does not align with the true teachings of Islam.

他們一再地將宗教當作政治工具，這與伊斯蘭教的真正教義並不相符。

Their political behavior often conflicts with Islamic values, and this is alarming.

他們的政治行為常常與伊斯蘭價值觀相衝突，這點令人警惕。

As a woman, I strongly oppose Jamaat e Islami's stance.

身為女性，我強烈反對伊斯蘭大會黨的立場。

There are numerous allegations of disrespectful and degrading remarks against women, particularly against working women.

有許多指控稱他們對女性，尤其是職業女性，發表不尊重且貶低的言論。

Women make up 52% of Bangladesh's population, yet Jamaate Islami seeks to push them backward and deny them proper recognition.

女性佔孟加拉人口的52%，但伊斯蘭大會黨卻想讓她們倒退，並剝奪她們應有的權利。

Historically, Bengali women have stood shoulder to shoulder with men during the language movement, mass uprisings and national struggles.

從歷史上看，孟加拉女性在語言運動、大規模起義和國家鬥爭中，一直與男性並肩作戰。

However, when women demand their rights or seek equal participation and employment, Jama' at e Islami always tries to sideline these concerns.

然而，當女性爭取權利或尋求平等參與和就業時，伊斯蘭大會黨總是試圖將這些訴求擱置一旁。

Jama' at leaders argue that they do not plan to implement a strict Sharia law and will allow women to work and be an active part of society.

伊斯蘭大會黨的領導人辯稱，他們無意實施嚴格的伊斯蘭教法，並會允許女性工作並積極參與社會。

Bangladesh Jamaati Islami is free, firmly committed to ensuring women's freedom of movement, dignity and security.

孟加拉伊斯蘭大會黨是自由的，堅定致力於確保女性的行動自由、尊嚴和安全。

Women are an extremely important part of Bangladeshi society and we are committed to providing the safest possible environment for them.

女性是孟加拉社會極其重要的一部分，我們致力於為她們提供最安全的環境。

無論是在家裡、在工作場所，還是在公共場所。

Women are well integrated into Bangladesh's politics, society and economy.

女性已充分融入孟加拉的政治、社會和經濟。

37% are in the formal labor force, one of the highest rates in South Asia.

37% 進入正式勞動力市場，是南亞最高的比例之一。

And any effort to restrict their rules will likely face a huge backlash.

任何試圖限制她們權利的措施，都可能面臨巨大的反彈。

Bangladesh is stepping into untested political territory where ideas about women's roles, culture and democracy are colliding.

孟加拉正踏入未知的政治領域，關於女性角色、文化和民主的觀念正在激烈碰撞。

So Helen Azneen is with Britain's Institute of Development Studies, where she focuses on gender politics and women's empowerment in South Asia, including Bangladesh.

所以 Helen Azneen 在英國發展研究學院，她專注於南亞的性別政治和女性賦權，包括孟加拉。

How has Jamaat e Islami managed such a dramatic political comeback now?

伊斯蘭大會黨是如何在現在成功戲劇性的政治回歸的？

I think after the ouster there was a political vacuum.

我認為在被趕下臺後，出現了一個政治真空。

Jamaat activists have been active in the student uprisings that we saw, which was led by the Students.

我們看到由學生領導的學運中，伊斯蘭大會黨的活躍份子們一直很積極。

But you had participation from political parties and within the vacuum that's been created, and

但有政黨的參與，以及在所造成的真空裡，

particularly with the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party, whose track record on governance is tainted.

特別是與反對黨孟加拉民族主義黨，其執政記錄不佳。

Although it remains deeply popular, there is a for Jamaat to push its rhetoric and discourse.

雖然它仍然非常受歡迎，但伊斯蘭大會黨有空間可以推動其言論和論述。

But it would be unwise to think that it was never an influential political player because it was, it was always a veto player when it came to cultural issues and women's rights.

但認為它從未是個有影響力的政治參與者就太不明智了，因為它一直是文化議題和女性權益方面的關鍵決定者。

What we are seeing or witnessing in Bangladesh is sort of the.

我們在孟加拉看到或目睹的，可以說是。

In the popular space, the rhetoric gaining ground and particularly help helped and fueled by the online space where Deb and Bangladesh Society is seeing a shift.

在大眾空間裡，言論正在獲得支持，尤其是在網路空間的幫助和推動下，那裡正在看到孟加拉社會的轉變。

這種轉變已經發生了很長一段時間。

So it's not necessarily completely surprising that you see contradictory trends and views colliding and debates happening.

所以，看到矛盾的趨勢和觀點碰撞、辯論發生，並不一定完全令人意外。

Do you think the party's new moderate image, the image they're trying to portray, is credible, especially when it comes to women's rights.

你認為該黨新的溫和形象，他們試圖塑造的形象，可信嗎？尤其是在女性權益方面。

So Jamaat is trying as an electoral strategy.

所以伊斯蘭大會黨正試圖採取一種選舉策略。

If you look at the alliance it has allied with the Student Party, the leaders who ousted Sheikh Hasina's government.

如果你看看它的聯盟，它與推翻謝赫·哈西娜政府的學生黨領導人結盟了。

But it also has LDP, whose leader is one of the freedom fighters of 1971.

但它也有自由民主黨（LDP），其領導人是 1971 年的自由戰士之一。

And then it also tried reaching out to the other conservative Islamist groups.

然後它也試圖接觸其他保守的伊斯蘭團體。

So it has formed this electoral alliance and trying to project a moderate position which is stressing good governance, rule of law, a welfare based society and trying to tone down the conservative views that is within its faction.

所以它組成了這個選舉聯盟，並試圖展現一種溫和的立場，強調良政、法治、福利社會，並試圖淡化其派系內的保守觀點。

But you have to look at the contradict of statements that exist and what is said in the manifesto.

但你必須看看現有的聲明矛盾以及宣言中說了什麼。

So I will speak about women's rights because that is something that I look at.

所以我會談談女性權益，因為這是我的關注點。

So if you look at its manifesto, the dialogue and the way it's framed is around women's protection, dignity, safety.

所以如果你看看它的宣言，對話和闡述的方式是圍繞著女性的保護、尊嚴和安全。

It talks about trainings for women, education for women, health services for women, social welfare for women, maternity leave.

它談到了女性培訓、女性教育、女性健康服務、女性社會福利、產假。

But if you dig deeper into it is framed around complementarity of gender roles.

但如果你深入瞭解，它的架構是圍繞著性別角色的互補性。

It's about basically it's talking about biology, determining what you can do.

基本上，它是在談論生物學，決定你能做什麼。

That's not necessarily a discourse around equality.

這不一定是一個關於平等的論述。

And your report talked about Jamaat not nominating a single women candidate for the direct elections.

而你的報告提到伊斯蘭大會黨在直接選舉中沒有提名任何一位女性候選人。

What they say is of course women will participate but they won't hold key decision making positions.

他們說當然女性會參與，但她們不會擔任關鍵決策職位。

So if you hear Dal Zazeera interview, let me interrupt you there for a second because in their manifesto they have promised to include a significant number of women in their cabinet.

所以如果你聽到半島電視臺的採訪，讓我打斷你一下，因為在他們的宣言中，他們承諾要在內閣中納入相當數量的女性。

Women already are there in their councils and surprisingly Jamaat is the only party that meets the 33% representation of women in different levels of the party.

女性已經在他們的委員會裡了，令人驚訝的是，伊斯蘭大會黨是唯一一個在黨內各級別都達到33%女性代表的政黨。

These are separate councils but women are there.

這些是獨立的委員會，但女性就在那裡。

If you look at the other center right parties, you don't see see that necessarily.

如果你看看其他中間偏右的政黨，你就不一定會看到這種情況。

But this is a ploy that right wing parties do use.

但這確實是右翼政黨會使用的策略。

You use women in campaigns, you have large number of women members, you project an image that you are inclusive.

你們在競選時啟用女性，擁有大量女性黨員，營造出包容的形象。

But the question is what are these women doing in terms of decision making that happens within the party, not just in affairs that relates to women.

但問題是，這些女性在黨內決策方面扮演什麼角色，而不僅僅是處理與女性相關的事務。

Because when you're there and as a political party, you should be representing everybody.

因為作為一個政黨，你們應該代表所有人。

And I'm afraid we'll have to leave it there.

That was Sohain Nneen from the Institute of Development Studies.

感謝來自發展研究所的 Sohain Nneen。

Let's get more insight on this story with Dr.

Naveen Murshid, political scientist and professor at the North South University in Dhaka.

Naveen Murshid 怎麼說，他同時也是達卡南北大學的政治學家和教授。

Now can you help us just explain to us Jamaat's recent surge in popularity.

現在，您能幫我們解釋一下伊斯蘭大會黨最近人氣飆升的原因嗎？

I think in part the banning of the Alamedi League in the elections has meant that just by default, the Jamaat E Islami has now ended up being a strong contender because we do need multi parties in a democracy.

我想，部分原因是阿拉梅迪聯盟在選舉中被禁止參選，這使得伊斯蘭大會黨自然而然地成為了強勁的競爭者，因為民主社會確實需要多黨制。

And so in order to avoid shoo in of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in a similar fashion that we have had the Awami League, I think just, just in the name of competition, you have the Jamaat Islami, fairly old political party in South Asian politics, emerge as a strong contender.

所以，為了避免像人民聯盟那樣，孟加拉民族主義黨在選舉中不戰而勝，我認為，僅僅是為了競爭，一個在南亞政治中歷史悠久的政黨——伊斯蘭大會黨，就這樣出現成為了強勁的競爭者。

But how much support it has is still difficult to gauge, partly because we haven't had credible elections in a very long time.

但它究竟有多大的支持度，仍然很難衡量，部分原因在於我們很久沒有舉行過可信的選舉了。

So as you pointed out, there are a lot of people worried about right wing shift in Bangladeshi politics.

所以，正如您所指出的，有很多人擔心孟加拉政治會出現右傾。

And part of it is on the basis of the numbers that you see, the positions they take on women, and

這其中一部分是基於您看到的數據，以及他們在女性問題上的立場，還有

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