Name: 美國突襲後，委內瑞拉軍隊的政治角色如何變化？| DW News (How is the political role of Venezuela's military changing after the US raid? | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-01-08T17:12:44.000Z
Duration: 6 min 38 s

US forces encountered little resistance from Venezuela's military when they captured the country's far left leader, Nicolas Maduro in a surprise nighttime raid.

美國部隊在一次突襲夜間行動中，幾乎沒有遇到委內瑞拉軍隊的抵抗就逮捕了該國的極左派領導人尼古拉斯·馬杜羅。

The successful operation exposed the massive power discrepancy between the two countries.

這次成功的行動暴露了兩國之間巨大的實力差距。

And with President Trump still to rule out further strikes, there is a question of what, if any, resistance Venezuela's armed forces could provide.

而且川普總統尚未排除進一步的打擊，這讓人質疑委內瑞拉的武裝部隊還能提供多少抵抗，如果有抵抗的話。

The American raid in Caracas did more than capture the country's leader.

美國在加拉加斯的這次突襲，不僅僅是逮捕了該國的領導人。

It sent a message any resistance will be met with the combined might of the US Military.

它傳遞了一個訊息：任何抵抗都將面臨美國軍隊的聯合威力。

Dozens of targets were struck in the country, killing at least 80 people.

該國有數十個目標遭到攻擊，造成至少80人死亡。

That's according to Venezuelan officials.

No Americans were killed in the operation.

這次行動沒有造成任何美國人死亡。

On paper at least, Venezuela's military is one of the most powerful in the region, boasting more than 100,000 active duty troops, 200 combat aircraft and over 170 tanks.

至少在紙面上，委內瑞拉軍隊是該地區最強大的軍隊之一，擁有超過10萬名現役部隊、200架作戰飛機和超過170輛坦克。

But most of the hardware is aging equipment bought from Russia designed during the Cold War.

但大部分的硬體都是從俄羅斯購買的、在冷戰時期設計的過時裝備。

Experts warn years of economic crisis have taken a toll on the military's combat readiness.

專家警告，多年的經濟危機已經對軍隊的作戰準備造成了影響。

The American military presence in the region is only a fraction of the size, around 15,000 men, but

美國在該地區的軍事存在規模較小，約有1.5萬人，但

it boasts some of the most advanced military hardware, including the USS Gerald R.

卻擁有該地區最先進的軍事硬體，包括傑拉爾德·R·福特號

Ford aircraft carrier and the F35 combat aircraft.

Venezuela's government has maintained stability in recent years by installing military officials in key governmental positions and expanded its militia system to help protect the country from foreign forces.

委內瑞拉政府近年來透過在關鍵政府職位安插軍方官員來維持穩定，並擴大了民兵系統，以協助保護國家免受外國部隊的侵害。

The US has been carrying out attacks on alleged drug smuggling boats since September.

自九月以來，美國一直在對涉嫌販毒的船隻進行攻擊。

Washington accuses Venezuela's military of playing an active role in trafficking, something the country's military leaders deny.

華盛頓指控委內瑞拉軍隊在販運中扮演積極角色，但該國軍方領導人否認了這一點。

Let's take a closer look at that with Jesus Renzulo.

讓我們來更深入地瞭解一下，我們請到Jesus Renzulo。

He's a research fellow at the Giga Institute for Latin America Studies.

他是拉丁美洲研究Giga研究所的研究員。

Before the US raid, the Venezuelan armed forces were described as deeply entrenched in the socialist regime.

在美國突襲之前，委內瑞拉武裝部隊被形容為深深地根植於社會主義政權。

How has the role of the Venezuelan military evolved after Maduro's capture?

馬杜羅被捕後，委內瑞拉軍隊的角色是如何演變的？

Is it loyal to the regime or to the country?

It's a really good question because it is important to know that the Venezuelan military is not the typical military on the names of Huntington.

這是一個很好的問題，因為很重要的一點是，委內瑞拉軍隊並非漢汀頓所說的那種典型軍隊。

This idea of a state loyal military, but it's more of an ideological or regime based loyal military.

這種國家效忠軍隊的想法，但它更像是一種意識形態或基於政權的效忠軍隊。

This has been the case since the crackdown of 2002 when Chavez was coup and he restructured the military to become more loyal to the party, to the Pesawe.

自 2002 年查維茲政變以來，情況一直如此，他重組了軍隊，使其更效忠於黨，效忠於 Pesawe。

Now, whether the armed forces are loyal to the country or to the party, I would argue they're closer and more loyal to the party, but

現在，武裝部隊是效忠國家還是效忠黨，我認為他們更接近、更效忠於黨，但

not for the reasons of ideological loyalty or legitimacy loyalty but more of a combination of corruption and threats from the intelligence service and from the same clique that puts a strong eye and a strong surveillance on them.

並非出於意識形態忠誠或合法性忠誠的原因，而是腐敗、情報部門的威脅以及對他們進行嚴密監控的同一幫派的結合。

So they are deeply entrenched in this corrupt system.

所以他們深深地根植於這個腐敗的體系中。

But how does the military now navigate between supporting the interim government, which essentially is the former regime, and

但軍隊現在如何在支持實質上是前政權的臨時政府與

抵抗美國的壓力之間取得平衡？

Well, the main point here is that they are loyal to the clique.

嗯，這裡的主要重點是他們效忠的是那個派系。

And therefore, if the clique allows a more entrenched relation with the United States, they are probably going to go into that.

是以，如果那個派系允許與美國建立更穩固的關係，他們很可能會這麼做。

We need to take into account that not everyone in the Venezuelan clique controls the military.

我們需要考慮到，並非委內瑞拉派系中的每個人都控制著軍隊。

Each member of the clique tends to control different aspects of the country.

派系中的每個成員傾向於控制國家的不同方面。

And in this case, the military is more loyal to Vladimir Padrin Lopez, the Ministry of Defense.

在這種情況下，軍隊更效忠於國防部長弗拉基米爾·帕德林·洛佩茲。

So if he says that, yes, now we are collaborating with the Americans, this is more likely to be the case.

所以如果他說，是的，現在我們正在與美國人合作，那更有可能是這樣。

Now let's talk about the colectivos, the paramilitary groups.

現在我們來談談「colectivos」，這些準軍事團體。

How do they play into this whole power structure and how do they interact with the normal military?

它們在這個權力結構中扮演什麼角色，以及它們如何與正規軍隊互動？

Well, they play a clear role in maintaining control for the Venezuelan elite into the country.

嗯，他們在維持委內瑞拉菁英對國家的控制方面扮演著明確的角色。

The colectivos are heavily involved in the urban repression because they are mainly in the popular zone, what we call the popular zones, which are the poorest zones in Venezuela, particularly in the cities, and

這些準軍事團體主要活躍在貧民區，也就是我們說的「popular zones」，特別是在城市裡，所以他們深度參與了對市區的壓制，

they make sure that there are no protests nor backlash against the government, and

他們確保不會有抗議或針對政府的反彈，

The colectivos, since they are a paramilitary system and they are not under the control of the Ministry of Defense, they are not in great relationships with the military because they are entrenching and they are over stepping into what the military power would be, particularly the National Guard.

這些準軍事團體，由於它們是準軍事系統，不受國防部的控制，所以與軍方關係並不好，因為它們正在鞏固勢力，並且侵犯軍方的權力，特別是國民警衛隊。

So there are tensions between the different security systems in Venezuela, but

所以委內瑞拉的各個安全系統之間存在著緊張關係，但是

there is a necessary collaboration on the idea of regime survival.

為了政權的生存，他們有必要的合作。

Could the collectivos become a problem should the regime that remains choose to cooperate with the Americans?

如果留下的政權選擇與美國人合作，這些準軍事團體會成為一個問題嗎？

It would become a problem if the people that controls them decides to rebel against whichever government ends up right now, one of the reasons why Del C.

如果控制他們的人決定反抗任何現任政府，那就會成為一個問題。德爾西·羅德里格斯，前副總統兼現任委內瑞拉臨時總統，被美國政府選中的原因之一，就是因為他們知道政府中的不同派系、這個小圈子能夠控制這些準軍事團體。

Rodriguez, the former vice president and current president interim of Venezuela, was chosen by the American government was because they knew that the different factions, the clique of the government, would be able to control the colectivos.

德爾西·羅德里格斯，前副總統兼現任委內瑞拉臨時總統，被美國政府選中的原因之一，就是因為他們知道政府中的不同派系、這個小圈子能夠控制這些準軍事團體。

This is normally expected to be controlled by the Ministry of Interior and justice, the current leader, Osdado Cabello.

這通常是由內政部長兼司法部長，也就是現任領導人奧斯瓦多·卡貝略負責。

So if there is a fragmentation or a breaking in the Venezuelan clique, let's say the Osado Cabello rebels, that could become a problem if they have, if he has enough control of the collectivus.

所以如果委內瑞拉的派系出現分裂或瓦解，比如說奧斯瓦多·卡貝略叛變，如果他對這些民兵組織有足夠的控制力，那就會成為一個問題。

A research fellow the Giga Institute for Latin America Studies.

拉丁美洲研究學會的 Giga 研究員。