Name: 超過十幾種疫苗！為什麼兒童要接種這麼多疫苗？ (Why children get so many vaccines)
Uploaded: 2025-07-26T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 8 min 43 s

This is the recommended childhood vaccination schedule in the United States.

這是美國推薦的兒童疫苗接種時間表。

進階被動語態

It's a monthly schedule that breaks down the age a child should be vaccinated for common infectious diseases.

這是一份每月計劃表，對兒童應接種常見傳染病疫苗的年齡進行了細分。

Here's Measles, at 12 months, and Polio, starting at 2 months.

這裡有 12 個月大的麻疹和 2 個月大的小兒麻痺症。

Here's Hepatitis B, recommended often before a baby even leaves the hospital.

這裡是乙型肝炎，通常在嬰兒出院前就會被推薦。

These are all diseases that at one time came with a host of horrifying side effects, things like brain damage, paralysis, and even death.

這些疾病曾經都伴隨著一系列可怕的副作用，如腦損傷、癱瘓甚至死亡。

And so parents and pediatricians have followed these recommendations for decades.

所以幾十年來，家長和兒科醫生一直遵循這些建議。

But in recent years, there's been a lot of confusion and concern.

但近年來，人們對此產生了很多困惑和擔憂。

More and more parents are choosing to delay or even outright omit parts of this schedule.

越來越多的家長選擇延後甚至直接省略這一時間表的部分內容。

And to be fair, this can be very overwhelming.

公平地說，這可能會讓人不知所措。

Why do young children need so many shots on such a tight schedule?

為什麼幼兒需要在如此緊湊的時間內打這麼多針？

Well, first of all, I think we do ask a lot of parents in this country.

首先，我認為在這個國家，我們確實對父母提出了很多要求。

I mean, we ask them to give vaccines that prevent 14 different diseases in the first few years of life.

我的意思是，我們要求他們在孩子出生後的頭幾年接種可預防 14 種不同疾病的疫苗。

That can mean as many as 25 shots during that time.

這意味著在這段時間內，可能會有多達 25 次注射。

Dr. Paul Offit is the director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

保羅-奧菲特醫生是費城兒童醫院疫苗教育中心主任。

I think the skepticism or pushback is perfectly understandable.

我認為這種懷疑或反對是完全可以理解的。

I think it would be amazing if people didn't push back a little bit on vaccines.

我認為，如果人們不在疫苗問題上推波助瀾，那就太不可思議了。

Especially because we're talking about children as young as a day old, which makes giving them shots very scary, but also very necessary.

特別是因為我們談論的是剛出生一天的孩子，這使得給他們打針非常可怕，但也非常必要。

Newborns are one of the most vulnerable populations in healthcare.

新生兒是醫療保健領域最脆弱的群體之一。

Their organs are still developing, and their immune systems are brand new.

他們的器官仍在發育，免疫系統也是全新的。

When you're born, you're initially in a virtually sterile environment in the womb.

當你出生時，你最初在子宮中處於幾乎無菌的環境中。

But then when you pass through the birth canal and you're in the world, you're not.

但當你通過產道，來到這個世界上時，你卻不是了。

This means that babies are especially susceptible to certain diseases.

這意味著嬰兒特別容易感染某些疾病。

Consider RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.

以 RSV 為例，即呼吸道合胞病毒。

There are 60,000 to 80,000 hospitalizations every year in the United States for children who are infected with RSV.

在美國，每年有 6 萬至 8 萬名感染 RSV 的兒童住院治療。

It's the number one cause of hospitalization in the United States in under one-year-olds.

這是美國一歲以下兒童住院治療的首要原因。

Researchers have been working on a vaccine for this virus since the '60s.

自 1960 年代以來，研究人員一直在研究這種病毒的疫苗。

In 2023, it was added to the schedule for infants.

2023 年，該計劃被列入嬰兒計劃。

So we don't recommend it for five-year-olds.

所以我們不建議五歲的孩子使用。

They tend to get a cold when they get RSV.

他們在感染 RSV 時往往會感冒。

But under one-year-olds, many of them get hospitalized.

但在一歲以下的兒童中，很多人都住進了醫院。

順便說一下，這位是吉姆-坎貝爾醫生。

He's a vaccine expert with the American Academy of Pediatrics.

他是美國兒科學會的疫苗專家。

We represent the children of the United States.

And we want to make sure that what's recommended is what's appropriately recommended to protect children.

我們要確保為保護兒童而適當推薦的內容。

Vaccines offer a safe way to train their new immune systems.

疫苗為訓練他們新的免疫系統提供了一種安全的方式。

And each part of this schedule, from the dosage to the timing, is curated to do that extremely effectively.

該計劃的每個部分，從劑量到時間，都經過精心策劃，以極其有效地實現這一目標。

Every single part of the schedule has been scrutinized by multiple medical organizations.

時間表的每一個部分都經過了多個醫療組織的嚴格審查。

So when deciding if and when a vaccine should go on the schedule, experts are looking at two main things.

在決定是否以及何時將疫苗列入計劃時，專家們主要考慮兩點。

One is the disease burden, which is basically the impact of the illness on society.

一是疾病負擔，基本上就是疾病對社會的影響。

And when would it be reasonable to give vaccines based on timing of the disease?

根據疾病發生的時間來確定何時接種疫苗比較合理？

So you want to make sure the child is fully immune by the time they are most likely to get these infections.

你要確保孩子在最有可能感染這些疾病時已經完全免疫。

For example, babies are born with some temporary measles antibodies from their mom.

例如，嬰兒出生時會從母親那裡獲得一些暫時性的麻疹抗體。

If a vaccine is given too early, those maternal antibodies could prevent the baby from developing their own.

如果過早接種疫苗，母體抗體可能會阻礙嬰兒產生自身抗體。

While it's safe to give the measles vaccine earlier, experts have found the optimal time to give it in the U.S. is between 12 and 15 months.

雖然提前接種麻疹疫苗是安全的，但專家們發現，在美國，最佳接種時間是 12 到 15 個月。

Then again, before a child enters kindergarten.

再有，在孩子進入幼兒園之前。

And this method has been found to be 97% effective at preventing measles.

這種方法對預防麻疹的有效率高達 97%。

Extensive research into these two factors, the disease burden and the immune response at various ages, are exactly why a child gets so many vaccines so quickly.

對不同年齡段的疾病負擔和免疫反應這兩個因素進行的廣泛研究，正是兒童如此快速接種大量疫苗的原因所在。

But this has a lot of parents asking, couldn't all these shots overwhelm a child's very new immune system?

但是，這讓很多家長產生了疑問：這麼多疫苗會不會壓垮孩子新生的免疫系統？

There is no way to overwhelm your immune system.

沒有辦法，引用一句話，壓垮你的免疫系統。

Our immune systems, even the very new ones, are incredible.

我們的免疫系統，即使是新生的免疫系統，也是不可思議的。

Every day we wake up and just by breathing, eating, and touching various surfaces.

我們每天醒來，只需呼吸、進食和接觸各種表面。

We are exposed to thousands and thousands of antigens.

我們會接觸到成千上萬種抗原。

Our body and our immune systems are ready for huge numbers of antigens.

我們的身體和免疫系統已經做好了應對大量抗原的準備。

And it's an important part of what they do is surveil for those antigens all day long.

他們所做的一項重要工作就是全天候監測這些抗原。

Now, if our immune systems are so incredible, what's the big deal if we just let kids build immunity naturally?

既然我們的免疫系統如此神奇，那麼讓孩子們自然產生免疫力又有什麼大不了的呢？

The problem with that is the price that you pay for natural immunity.

問題在於，你要為自然免疫付出代價。

And the risk of getting infected with any one of these diseases heavily outweighs the risk of vaccines themselves.

而感染其中任何一種疾病的風險都遠遠大於疫苗本身的風險。

Polio led to paralysis in one out of every 200 infections.

小兒麻痺症每 200 例感染中就有 1 例導致癱瘓。

Before the vaccine, nearly half a million people died or were left paralyzed every year around the world.

在疫苗問世之前，全世界每年有近 50 萬人死亡或癱瘓。

Hepatitis B can lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis. 90% of infants who catch Hep B end up with a lifelong chronic infection.

乙型肝炎可導致肝癌或肝硬化。90%感染B肝的嬰兒會終生慢性感染。

There were 48,000 hospitalizations every year for Measles.

每年有 48,000 人因麻疹住院治療。

There were 500 deaths from Measles, primarily pneumonia, dehydration, and to some extent encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain.

有 500 人死於麻疹，主要是肺炎、脫水和一定程度的腦炎，即腦部發炎。

Vaccines are on the schedule to remove the gamble.

疫苗已列入計劃，以消除賭博。

I think the term natural immunity is the wrong word.

我認為「自然免疫」這個詞用錯了。

I think the term should be survivor immunity because that would be more accurate.

我認為應該使用「倖存者豁免」一詞，因為這樣更準確。

Probably a better question is, is vaccine-induced immunity good enough?

也許更好的問題是，疫苗誘導的免疫力足夠好嗎？

So you can delay or spread out shots, but all that means is more time a child is left unprotected.

你可以延後或分散注射，但這意味著孩子有更多的時間得不到保護。

So it is a well-tested, well-hewn schedule.

這是一個久經考驗、精心設計的時間表。

A delayed schedule only puts children at increased risk with no advantage.

延後時間表只會增加兒童的風險，而沒有任何好處。

Though for some parents, it's not the amount of shots, but what's supposedly in them that leads to uncertainty.

雖然對一些家長來說，導致不確定性的不是注射的數量，而是注射的內容。

Vaccines are typically made up of five components.

The most obvious one is the antigen itself, the thing that prompts your body to launch an immune response.

最明顯的是抗原本身，它能促使人體產生免疫反應。

Sometimes that's a weakened or dead version of the virus, and sometimes it's just a single protein from the virus.

有時是病毒的弱化版或死亡版，有時只是病毒的一種蛋白質。

If you have, for example, a viral vaccine, like the Hepatitis B vaccine, that has one Hepatitis B virus protein in it.

例如，如果你接種的是病毒疫苗，如乙型肝炎疫苗，其中含有一種乙型肝炎病毒蛋白。

Compared to when a child gets, say, strep throat, where they're exposed to between 25 and 50 antigens at once, a vaccine has way fewer.

與兒童患鏈球菌性咽喉炎等疾病時一次性接觸 25 到 50 種抗原相比，疫苗的抗原數量要少得多。

But mounting confusion comes from these other ingredients in vaccines, constantly being cited as toxic.

但是，疫苗中的其他成分不斷被指為有毒，這就造成了更大的混亂。

The minute you say the chemical name, like sodium phosphate.

只要你說出化學名稱，比如磷酸鈉。

I mean, sodium phosphate, for example, may be a buffering agent in vaccines.

我的意思是，例如，磷酸鈉可能是疫苗中的緩衝劑。

And if you say that to people, they don't really know what it means and don't know that they pretty much drink sodium phosphate every day.

如果你對人們這麼說，他們並不知道這意味著什麼，也不知道他們幾乎每天都在喝磷酸鈉。

Thimerosal, for example, has been making headlines recently.

例如，硫柳汞最近成了頭條新聞。

It's a preservative that's been used in all types of products since the 1930s.

它是一種防腐劑，自 1930 年代起就被用於各類產品中。

And it contains ethyl mercury, which sounds terrifying.

它還含有乙基汞，聽起來很嚇人。

But one, thimerosal was removed from all childhood vaccines in 2001.

但是，硫柳汞已於 2001 年從所有兒童疫苗中去除。

And two, extensive research into this has proven it's safe.

其次，大量的研究證明它是安全的。

You saw studies where children who got this thimerosal-containing vaccine, they didn't change your blood level of mercury because it was a trivial amount.

你看到過這樣的研究：接種了含硫柳汞疫苗的兒童，他們血液中的汞含量並沒有改變，因為這只是微不足道的量。