Name: 氯胺酮對埃隆-馬斯克大腦的影響 (What ketamine is doing to Elon Musk’s brain)
Uploaded: 2025-06-17T14:48:15.000Z
Duration: 6 min 30 s

關係子句

As gay guy, I know many dudes who have replaced alcohol with ketamine on the weekends in order to party.

作為一個同性戀者，我認識很多人，他們在週末用氯胺酮代替酒精參加派對。

Johnson and Johnson just approved a ketamine-derived nasal spray called Spravato to treat depression.

強生公司剛剛準許了一種名為 Spravato 的氯胺酮鼻腔噴霧劑，用於治療抑鬱症。

And some therapists are putting their patients into a K-hole in order to treat them.

有些治療師為了治療病人，把他們關進了 K 洞。

And why are so many people taking it right now?

為什麼現在有這麼多人服用它？

Ketamine, AKA special K, is sometimes referred to as a horse tranquilizer because, well, it is a horse tranquilizer.

氯胺酮，又名特殊 K，有時被稱為馬用鎮定劑，因為它就是馬用鎮定劑。

In humans at high doses, ketamine is an anesthesia.

對人體而言，高劑量氯胺酮具有麻醉作用。

In fact, remember the 10-day ordeal of the 10 Thai boys and their soccer coach found alive stuck in the cave in Thailand?

事實上，還記得被困在泰國洞穴中的 10 名泰國男孩和他們的足球教練經歷的 10 天磨難嗎？

Well, rescuers gave those boys ketamine to sedate and anesthetize them in order to get them out.

救援人員給這些男孩注射了氯胺酮，讓他們鎮靜和麻醉，以便把他們救出來。

So many drugs will target one brain system, but ketamine is considered a dirty drug, which is a legit pharmacological term.

許多藥物都會針對一種大腦系統，但氯胺酮卻被認為是一種骯髒的藥物，這是一個合法的藥理學術語。

Dirty drugs target many systems in the brain at once.

髒藥同時針對大腦中的多個系統。

For example, ketamine has an effect on the analgesic opiate receptors, similar to drugs like heroin and cocaine, but ketamine is less active on these neuronal areas compared to those other drugs.

例如，氯胺酮對阿片劑受體有鎮痛作用，與海洛因和可卡因等毒品類似，但氯胺酮對這些神經元區域的活性低於其他毒品。

Ketamine has an effect on the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in the brain, which can lead to its hypnotic effects.

氯胺酮對大腦中的超極化激活環核苷酸門控通道有影響，從而產生催眠效果。

But most notably, for future widespread use of ketamine, it affects the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in your brain along with the neurotransmitter glutamate.

但最值得注意的是，氯胺酮會影響大腦中的 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受體和神經遞質穀氨酸，從而影響氯胺酮未來的廣泛使用。

Glutamate is a biochemical used in your brain to pass signals from one neuron to another through the synaptic cleft.

穀氨酸是大腦中的一種生化物質，用於通過突觸間隙將信號從一個神經元傳遞到另一個神經元。

Glutamate is a neurochemical in your brain used for neurons to communicate with each other.

穀氨酸是大腦中的一種神經化學物質，用於神經元之間的交流。

So without glutamate, your neurons can't communicate, and this is where ketamine comes in.

是以，沒有穀氨酸，神經元就無法交流，這就是氯胺酮的作用所在。

At high doses of ketamine, enough glutamate is blocked that parts of your brain are turned off.

在高劑量氯胺酮的作用下，足夠多的穀氨酸會被阻斷，從而關閉大腦的部分功能。

It causes a rapid loss of consciousness appropriate for general anesthesia.

它能使人迅速失去意識，適合全身麻醉。

High doses of ketamine makes you lose consciousness.

大劑量氯胺酮會讓人失去知覺。

Whereas at lower doses of ketamine, there's actually an increase in glutamate release.

而氯胺酮劑量較低時，穀氨酸的釋放實際上會增加。

This creates an out-of-body experience, altered sensory perception, and dissociative states.

這會產生出體體驗、感官知覺改變和分離狀態。

It can lead you to feel intoxicated, lose your inhibitions.

它會讓你感到陶醉，失去抑制。

It's why gay guys might be using it at the club to grind on each other to scissor.

這就是為什麼男同性戀可能會在俱樂部裡用它來互相磨剪刀。

But it's also ketamine's effect on NMDA receptors and glutamate that have made it a promising new drug to deal with severe depression.

不過，氯胺酮對NMDA受體和穀氨酸的作用也使其成為治療嚴重抑鬱症的一種前景廣闊的新藥。

Some people, I repeat, some people feel less depressed after taking doses of ketamine.

有些人，我重複一遍，有些人在服用一定劑量的氯胺酮後會感覺不那麼抑鬱。

This is because it changes NMDA receptors in your brain, changes glutamate in your brain, and because of your brain's plasticity, your brain will actually morph.

這是因為它會改變大腦中的 NMDA 受體，改變大腦中的穀氨酸，由於大腦的可塑性，你的大腦實際上會變形。

When people are depressed, brain cells shrink and neuronal connections change.

人在抑鬱時，腦細胞會萎縮，神經元的連接也會發生變化。

Ketamine can get into the brain and can impact your NMDA receptors.

氯胺酮可以進入大腦，影響 NMDA 受體。

This can allow brain cells to change and trigger new connections.

這可以讓腦細胞發生變化，並觸發新的連接。

Ketamine may help some depressed people's brains change how they think.

氯胺酮可以幫助一些抑鬱症患者的大腦改變思維方式。

The relief can also happen fast, within 24 hours of a depressive episode.

這種緩解也可以在抑鬱發作後的 24 小時內迅速發生。

If someone gets a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine, they can feel the relief within a day.

如果某人服用了亞麻醉劑量的氯胺酮，一天之內就能感覺到緩解。

Whereas more conventional antidepressants like serotonin reuptake inhibitors, those can take three to four months of use before you feel the relief.

而血清素再攝取抑制劑等更傳統的抗抑鬱藥，可能需要服用三到四個月才能感覺到緩解。

This quick relief is why some doctors are really interested in how ketamine can deal with depressive episodes.

這種快速的緩解效果正是一些醫生對氯胺酮如何治療抑鬱發作感興趣的原因。

In one study I read, around half the patients saw a benefit from ketamine therapy, but about 8% had worse depression after taking ketamine.

在我讀到的一項研究中，約有一半的患者從氯胺酮療法中獲益，但約有 8%的患者在服用氯胺酮後抑鬱情況更加嚴重。

Ketamine being a dirty drug affects many parts of your brain, so it's important for you to understand it might not be the right drug to help with depression.

氯胺酮是一種骯髒的毒品，會影響大腦的許多部分，是以你必須明白它可能並不適合用來幫助治療抑鬱症。

Many people feel better after taking SSRIs.

許多人在服用 SSRIs 後感覺好多了。

It's up to you and your doctor to work together if you're depressed to understand if ketamine is something that could be beneficial to you.

如果您患有抑鬱症，您和您的醫生就應該共同努力，瞭解氯胺酮是否對您有益。

But the fact that it could help is why Johnson & Johnson's making a nasal spray called Spravata that you might see people doing ketamine on the street in the future.

但事實上，它可以起到幫助作用，這也是強生公司正在生產一種名為 Spravata 的鼻腔噴霧劑的原因，未來你可能會看到人們在街上吸食氯胺酮。

現在讓我們來談談可怕的 K 洞。

There's a variety of definitions of a K-hole, but one common thread is that you do so much ketamine that you can't move.

K 孔的定義有很多種，但有一個共同點，那就是你吸食了太多的氯胺酮，以至於無法動彈。

讓我們想象一下一個同性戀者在狂歡的場景。

Five to 20 minutes after snorting ketamine, he's now consumed an amount that makes him feel high.

在吸食氯胺酮五到二十分鐘後，他現在已經攝入了能讓他感覺興奮的劑量。

His blood pressure increases, his heart rate increases, he feels dissociative, intoxicated, he has changes in his auditory and visual perception, he feels buzzy, dreamlike, maybe he's a gay guy who finally feels chill.

他的血壓升高，心率加快，他感到精神分裂、陶醉，他的聽覺和視覺感知發生變化，他感到嗡嗡作響、如夢如幻，也許他是一個終於感到寒意的同性戀者。

This is when said gay guy decides he wants to take some more ketamine.

這時，那個男同性戀決定再吸點氯胺酮。

As you consume more ketamine, you start to feel confused, disoriented, nauseated, unable to feel pain.

隨著氯胺酮攝入量的增加，你會開始感到困惑、迷失方向、噁心、感覺不到疼痛。

And if you take too much, you enter a K-hole, which essentially means you have taken enough ketamine to anesthetize you.

如果服用過量，就會進入 K 孔，這基本上意味著你已經服用了足夠多的氯胺酮來麻醉自己。

Anesthetize, anesthetize, is that how you say it?

麻醉，麻醉，你是這麼說的嗎？

You've gone from increasing the glutamate to turning it off.

你從增加穀氨酸到關閉穀氨酸。

At this point, you may be unable to move.

It has less of an effect on your cardiac and lung function compared to like cocaine or heroin, but it can be fatal, especially when mixed with alcohol or other drugs, which when people are partying, this can happen.

與可卡因或海洛因相比，它對心肺功能的影響較小，但也可能致命，尤其是在與酒精或其他藥物混合時，當人們參加派對時，這種情況就會發生。

Vivian, the drag queen, died recently of a potential ketamine overdose.

變裝皇后薇薇安最近死於可能的氯胺酮過量。

As well, ketamine use has been shown to impair your memory and cause cognitive issues.

此外，使用氯胺酮已被證明會損害記憶力並導致認知問題。

As well, in rats, they would self-administer ketamine similar to the way they would cocaine due to its rewarding and reinforcing behaviors.

此外，由於氯胺酮具有獎賞和強化行為，老鼠會像吸食可卡因一樣自我吸食氯胺酮。

As well, the breakdown of ketamine in your body can actually impact your bladder and really mess up your urinary system.

此外，氯胺酮在人體內的分解實際上會影響膀胱，真正擾亂泌尿系統。

Ketamine can lead to psychotic episodes and make you feel detached from your body and surroundings.

氯胺酮會導致精神錯亂，讓人感覺與身體和周圍環境分離。

You can feel grandiose and like you have special powers or special talents.

你會覺得自己很偉大，覺得自己有特異功能或特殊才能。

They could do inadvisable things at work.

他們可能會在工作中做一些不可取的事情。

This quote is from a ketamine scientist in a New Yorker article about Elon Musk and how those around him are saying that he's actually doing way more ketamine than ever before in his life.

這段話出自一位氯胺酮科學家在《紐約客》上發表的一篇關於埃隆-馬斯克（Elon Musk）的文章，他身邊的人都說他現在吸食的氯胺酮比以往任何時候都多。

He's potentially dependent on ketamine right now, which may be why he's acting erratically.

他現在可能對氯胺酮有依賴性，這可能是他行為異常的原因。

Maybe the guy running America right now has his brain cooked on ketamine.

也許現在掌管美國的那個人的大腦已經被氯胺酮煮熟了。

The point of this video is to educate you on a drug that's becoming popular and a lot of people are touting its positive effects.

這段視頻的目的是讓你瞭解一種正在流行的藥物，很多人都在吹捧它的積極作用。

If you are severely depressed, ketamine could be a mode of treatment.

如果你有嚴重的抑鬱症，氯胺酮可能是一種治療方式。

But it's also a recreational party drug with a lot of serious risks.

但它也是一種娛樂性的派對藥物，有很多嚴重的風險。

目前，氯胺酮的使用呈上升趨勢。

So it's important that you stay informed and understand how it actually impacts your body.

是以，瞭解相關資訊並瞭解它對身體的實際影響非常重要。

Thanks so much for watching and learning about Special K with me.

非常感謝大家收看並和我一起了解 Special K。

We have a link to our podcast on ketamine where we talk a lot more openly about this drug.

我們有一個關於氯胺酮的播客鏈接，在那裡我們更公開地討論了這種藥物。

Smash that like button and we'll see you soon for a new science video.

點擊 "喜歡 "按鈕，我們很快就會為您帶來新的科學視頻。

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氯胺酮對埃隆-馬斯克大腦的影響 (What ketamine is doing to Elon Musk’s brain)

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