I'm a researcher of transformative technologies and co founder of Animal Ventures.

我是變革性技術的研究者，也是Animal Ventures的共同創始人。

Today, I've been challenged to explain one concept at five levels of increasing complexity.

今天，我面臨的挑戰是在五個層次上解釋一個概念，其複雜程度越來越高。

My topic is?

我的主題是？

Blockchain technology.

區塊鏈技術。

Blockchain is a new network and it's going to help us decentralized trade, allowing us to do a lot of our transactions much more peer to peer directly and lower our use of intermediaries like companies or banks, maybe I think today everyone can leave understanding something about Blockchain at some level.

區塊鏈是一個新的網絡，它將幫助我們去中心化的貿易，讓我們的很多交易更多的直接點對點，降低我們對公司或銀行等中介機構的使用，也許我認為今天每個人都可以在某種程度上留下對區塊鏈的瞭解。

Do you know what we're gonna talk about today?

你知道我們今天要談什麼嗎？

It's called Blockchain.

這就是所謂的區塊鏈。

Blockchain.

區塊鏈。

That's a really good question.

這真是個好問題。

It's actually a way that we can trade.

這實際上是一種我們可以交易的方式。

Do you know what trade is?

你知道什麼是貿易嗎？

It's when you take turns, that's when you give up most of what you want, right?

當你輪流的時候，就是你放棄了大部分你想要的東西的時候，對嗎？

When you give up most of what you want.

當你放棄了大部分你想要的東西。

Well, sometimes that definitely happens for sure.

嗯，有時肯定會發生這樣的事情，這是肯定的。

What if I told you that there's a kind of technology that I work on that means you could trade with any kid all over the world.

如果我告訴你，有一種我所研究的技術，意味著你可以和全世界的任何孩子進行交易。

Really?

真的嗎？

Yeah, if I could trade with any kid, I would trade, I would trade something I don't like so much.

是的，如果我可以和任何孩子交換，我會交換，我會交換我不太喜歡的東西。

That's probably a good idea.

這可能是一個好主意。

Maybe somebody else likes it more than you do.

也許別人比你更喜歡它。

So normally when people trade, they have to go to the store or they have to know the person so that they can get what they asked for with Blockchain.

是以，通常情況下，當人們進行交易時，他們必須去商店，或者他們必須認識這個人，這樣他們就可以通過區塊鏈得到他們所要求的。

You can make that exact same trade, but you don't need the store and you don't even necessarily need to know the other person.

你可以做這種完全相同的交易，但你不需要商店，甚至不一定需要認識對方。

So Ian, do you know what Blockchain is?

那麼伊恩，你知道區塊鏈是什麼嗎？

No have you ever traded or sold anything?

你有沒有交易過或賣過什麼？

Actually I'm selling my computer on Ebay right now.

事實上，我現在正在Ebay上出售我的電腦。

That's amazing what made you decide to trade on Ebay.

是什麼讓你決定在Ebay上進行交易，這太不可思議了。

Um Well I mean I've heard of it and I trusted a lot because there's they have like all of their guarantees so I know that I'm going to get money and the person is going to get what they want.

嗯，我的意思是我聽說過它，我相信很多，因為他們有像他們所有的保證，所以我知道我將得到錢，這個人將得到他們想要的東西。

So what if I told you that Blockchain technology is basically a tool where you can do the exact same thing but it goes to you and I directly you wouldn't need an Ebay or a brand in between.

那麼，如果我告訴你，區塊鏈技術基本上是一個工具，你可以做完全相同的事情，但它直接去找你和我，你就不需要一個Ebay或中間的品牌。

And there's a lot of those kinds of middlemen in our society.

而在我們的社會中，有很多這樣的中間人。

Today we have a lot of banks, we have a lot of companies that sort of help us make sure that our trades happen.

今天，我們有很多銀行，我們有很多公司，它們幫助我們確保我們的交易發生。

But if we could guarantee the same trade using technology, it's sort of like a technological trust then we wouldn't really need all those middlemen in between.

但如果我們能用技術保證同樣的貿易，這有點像技術信託，那麼我們就真的不需要那些中間人了。

So how does it work?

那麼它是如何工作的呢？

It's basically a network of computers that all have the same history of transactions.

它基本上是一個計算機網絡，都有相同的交易歷史。

And so instead of there being one company with one database that holds all the information, the same sort of list is held by all these different people.

是以，不是有一家公司用一個數據庫持有所有資訊，而是所有這些不同的人都持有同樣的名單。

Like you could have it on your computer and then it gets validated by everyone and basically that turns into the next part of the list.

比如你可以把它放在你的電腦上，然後它被大家驗證，基本上就變成了名單的下一部分。

So it's sort of constantly updating itself.

所以它是在不斷地自我更新。

So like how do you make sure that it's secure.

是以，像你如何確保它是安全的。

So it uses cryptography and that helps it basically encode all all of the transactions so you can't really see exactly what happened.

是以，它使用密碼學，這有助於它基本上對所有的所有交易進行編碼，所以你不能真正看到到底發生了什麼。

But you know it happened because it's like a marker so you could kind of like, I don't know you trade apples but you would just see like random letters so you wouldn't be able to track it.

但你知道它發生了，因為它就像一個標記，所以你可以有點像，我不知道你交易蘋果，但你只會看到像隨機的字母，所以你無法跟蹤它。

Exactly.

正是如此。

That's cool.

這很好。

So it's kind of this like really big ledger or accounting system for all sorts of things that get traded.

是以，它是一種像真正的大賬本或會計系統，用於交易的各種東西。

But instead of being owned by one company it's owned by everybody.

但不是由一家公司擁有，而是由所有人擁有。

That's cool.

這很好。

Yeah, we're gonna talk about Blockchain technology.

是的，我們要談一談區塊鏈技術。

Have you heard of Blockchain?

你聽說過區塊鏈嗎？

I've heard of the words Blockchain but I'm not sure I know what it is.

我聽說過區塊鏈這個詞，但我不確定我知道它是什麼。

So when we were much smaller societies, you and I could trade in our community pretty easily.

是以，當我們是小得多的社會時，你和我可以很容易地在我們的社區進行交易。

But as the distance in our trade grew we ended up inventing institutions right?

但隨著我們貿易的距離越來越大，我們最終發明了一些機構，對嗎？

If you use Uber or you use Airbnb or use amazon even these are just digital marketplaces and platforms that help us facilitate an exchange of value.

如果你使用Uber或你使用Airbnb或使用亞馬遜，甚至這些只是數字市場和平臺，幫助我們促進價值的交換。

But today we actually have a technology that allows us to trade 1 to 1 but at scale and it's called Blockchain technology.

但今天我們實際上有一種技術，允許我們進行1對1但規模化的交易，它被稱為區塊鏈技術。

There is some kind of interface for it.

有某種界面可以使用。

You could have an app or you could use your computer to do it.

你可以有一個應用程序，或者你可以用你的電腦來做。

But instead of there being a company in the middle or what's helping you make that transaction is a bunch of soft and so it's being run by all of these different computers that have like a node.

但是，在中間沒有一個公司，或者幫助你進行交易的是一堆軟體，所以它是由所有這些不同的計算機運行的，這些計算機有一個節點。

So they're all running the same software and guaranteeing your transactions as they happen.

是以，他們都在運行相同的軟件，並在你的交易發生時為你提供擔保。

I mean I would assume this technology is taking away business or activity from these middlemen in some cases.

我的意思是，我認為這項技術在某些情況下奪走了這些中間商的業務或活動。

Yeah it is.

是的，它是。

And a lot of people in the financial industry in particular are looking at it from the banking side of how do we use this technology to trade things like Bitcoin or other tokens that are easier to use instead of today's currency.

特別是金融業的很多人正在從銀行方面考慮，我們如何使用這種技術來交易像比特幣或其他更容易使用的代幣，而不是今天的貨幣。

A lot of people think about Blockchain as Bitcoin because it's sort of in the news a lot and it's this new Cryptocurrency and it's kind of exciting but we're we're actually seeing a lot more use cases for Blockchain that aren't around the currency side, they're more around how do you take any asset and be able to trade that using the same technology.

很多人認為區塊鏈就是比特幣，因為它經常出現在新聞中，是一種新的加密貨幣，這有點令人興奮，但實際上我們看到區塊鏈的更多用例不是圍繞著貨幣方面，它們更多是圍繞著你如何利用任何資產並能夠使用相同的技術進行交易。

Is there a mechanism for verifying that person a is a legitimate seller or producer of the item.

是否有一個機制來驗證該人是項目的合法賣家或生產商。

So today a lot of people are working on how to create identity structures that leverage block chains.

所以今天很多人都在研究如何創建利用區塊鏈的身份結構。

And one of the tools for doing that is being able to cryptographically sign um for a given attribute.

做到這一點的工具之一是能夠為一個給定的屬性加密簽署um。

So your government could sign that you have a U.

是以，你的政府可以簽署你有一個U.S.。

S.

S.

Passport or a university could sign that you are currently enrolled student.

護照或大學可以簽字證明你是目前在讀的學生。

And you could then dole out that information and control it yourself and be able to show people those certifications on an as needed basis.

然後你可以發放這些資訊，自己控制，並能夠根據需要向人們展示這些證書。

So today we're gonna talk about Blockchain technology.

所以今天我們要談一談區塊鏈技術。

Have you ever heard of Blockchain?

你聽說過區塊鏈嗎？

I have whenever we have a transaction and let's say I buy something from you.

每當我們有一筆交易時，我都會有，比如說我從你那裡買東西。

This information gets logged and it gets verified by a third person or third party and then um if like all this information verified and it all matches right.

這些資訊被記錄下來，並由第三人或第三方進行核實，然後嗯，如果像所有這些資訊都被核實了，而且都符合要求的話。

The transaction goes through without any intermediary basically.

交易的進行基本上不需要任何中間人。

Right.

對。

And it gets stored and when we make further transactions this information is already embedded.

它被儲存起來，當我們做進一步的交易時，這些資訊已經被嵌入。

It's in the in the ledger.

這是在賬本中的。

Yeah that's exactly right and you can append it you can sort of add new information that's more current but you can't actually go erase anything.

是的，這是完全正確的，你可以附加它，你可以添加更多的新資訊，但你實際上不能去刪除任何東西。

Absolutely right the way the technology is changing nothing is gonna be like it used to be and there's no like firm and then the buyer and the seller and it's basically we'll have to rewrite a lot of rules and economics as well.

完全正確，技術變化的方式，沒有什麼會像過去那樣，沒有像公司，然後買方和賣方，基本上我們將不得不重寫很多規則和經濟。

For sure.

可以肯定的是。

A lot of the assumptions won't hold true.

很多假設都不會成立。

Same with who are the who are the actors.

誰是誰的演員也一樣。

It's not just people anymore.

它不再是單純的人。

It's machines.

它是機器。

Absolutely.

絕對的。

We're going to have to create entire new concepts of how they do trade and how they work with us to what kind of barriers or roadblocks would you imagine are going to happen in the Blockchain space.

我們將不得不創造整個新的概念，他們如何做貿易，如何與我們合作，你認為在區塊鏈領域會出現什麼樣的障礙或路障。

So at least when we talk about Bitcoin, there are some pressed issues have been some hacks.

是以，至少當我們談論比特幣的時候，有一些被壓制的問題已經有一些黑客。

And so there's obviously a need to work on trust and feeling that it's a safe technology.

是以，顯然需要在信任和感覺到這是一項安全的技術方面下功夫。

Yeah.

是的。

One of the problems that Bitcoin is faced is Bitcoins getting stolen or lost.

比特幣面臨的問題之一是比特幣被盜或丟失。

But a lot of that actually comes from people trying to re centralize Bitcoin in different ways, making themselves actually a pretty easy target.

但很多情況下，實際上是來自於人們試圖以不同的方式重新集中比特幣，使自己實際上成為一個相當容易的目標。

Absolutely.

絕對的。

So education will be a big part before we actually can use the technology in a wide sense.

是以，在我們真正能夠廣泛使用該技術之前，教育將是一個重要部分。

Yeah.

是的。

Actually transition into the mainstream and make it useful for average people to use.

真正過渡到主流，讓普通人都能用得上。

We're going to need to make sure we have a lot more education, a lot more standards and probably work with a lot of enterprises to create sort of the user experience around this being a technology that is safe and usable and understandable.

我們將需要確保我們有更多的教育，更多的標準，並可能與許多企業合作，圍繞這一技術創造一種安全、可用和可理解的用戶體驗。

What is the current state of Blockchain and your understanding what's going to have to happen next.

區塊鏈的現狀是什麼，你的理解是接下來要發生什麼。

The current state is in the research state and it's being developed to be applied in many, many areas.

目前處於研究狀態，正在開發應用於很多很多領域。

It might be used almost everywhere to where like we won't even imagine how we live without it, but I'm not sure where it's gonna go.

它可能會被用於幾乎所有地方，以至於我們甚至無法想象沒有它我們如何生活，但我不確定它將會去哪裡。

I mean, no one really knows right, well, we have a lot of public block chains, like we have Bitcoin, we have the ethereum network, N X.

我的意思是，沒有人真正知道吧，好吧，我們有很多公共區塊鏈，比如我們有比特幣，我們有以太坊網絡，N X。

T.

T.

But a lot of companies and consortiums are getting together to build private block chains so ones that are more closed off at first and then may evolve into a public network when people feel comfortable using it.

但是很多公司和財團都在一起建立私人區塊鏈，所以一開始是比較封閉的，然後當人們感覺到使用它的時候，可能會演變成一個公共網絡。

And some are also proof of concept out in the real world projects in energy and in pharmaceuticals and in retail and lots of different fields are starting experiments and we'll see in the next few years how all of those interact and what we learn about the best use cases for Blockchain and what it means for trade.

還有一些是在現實世界中的概念驗證項目，在能源、醫藥和零售業，以及很多不同的領域都開始了實驗，我們將在未來幾年看到所有這些的互動，以及我們對區塊鏈的最佳使用案例的瞭解，以及它對貿易的意義。

So tell me your version of a technical definition of Blockchain.

那麼，請告訴我你對區塊鏈的技術定義版本。

A technical definition of Blockchain is that it is a persistent transparent public append only ledger.

區塊鏈的一個技術定義是，它是一個持久的透明的公共附加的唯一賬本。

Um So it is a system that you can add data to and not change previous data within it.

嗯，所以它是一個系統，你可以添加數據，而不改變其中以前的數據。

Um It does this through a mechanism for creating consensus between scattered or distributed parties that do not need to trust each other but just need to trust the mechanism by which their consensus has arrived at.

Um 它通過一種機制，在分散的或分佈的各方之間建立共識，這些各方不需要相互信任，只需要信任他們達成共識的機制。

Um In the case of Blockchain it relies on some form of challenge such that no one actor on the network is able to solve this challenge consistently more than everyone else on the network.

嗯 在區塊鏈的情況下，它依賴於某種形式的挑戰，這樣，網絡上沒有一個行為者能夠比網絡上的其他人更一致地解決這個挑戰。

So it randomizes yes.

所以它隨機化是的。

Yeah it randomizes the process and in theory ensures that no one can force the Blockchain to accept a particular entry onto the ledger that others disagree with, one that that relies on a mechanism for a peer to peer network that can maintain updates to the ledger and then verify those updates in such a way that it is impossible to defraud and impossible to alter after the fact.

是的，它將過程隨機化，在理論上確保沒有人可以強迫區塊鏈接受別人不同意的特定條目到賬本上，一個依靠點對點網絡的機制，可以保持對賬本的更新，然後以這樣的方式驗證這些更新，不可能欺詐，也不可能事後改變。

And do you see it as defining a new discipline of kinds or where, where are we going to see Blockchain emerge in the real world first?

你是否認為它定義了一個新的學科種類，或者在哪裡，我們將看到區塊鏈首先在現實世界中出現？

I mean just so like as an example, one thing that I think about a lot in terms of possible Blockchain applications is electricity, right?

我的意思是，就像作為一個例子，在可能的區塊鏈應用方面，我經常思考的一件事是電力，對嗎？

The next generation of distributed smart grid technology effectively because Yeah, exactly.

下一代分佈式智能電網技術有效，因為是的，沒錯。

And it's a very fruitful area of research and you can find yourself looking like 20 years out right where you have an enormous number like of electric cars, you have all of these batteries, like that's essentially um, a distributed peak load power grid.

這是一個非常富有成效的研究領域，你可以發現自己在20年後有大量的電動汽車，你有所有這些電池，就像那基本上是嗯，一個分佈式峰值負載電網。

Right?

對嗎？

Like the cars are getting plugged in and unplugged at different times.

就像汽車在不同時間被插入和拔出。

If you have a mechanism that is able to automatically and autonomously be distributing power based on batteries that are scattered throughout the grid, um, that are being used for other purposes, the owners don't even necessarily need to be aware.

如果你有一個機制，能夠自動和自主地根據分散在整個電網中的電池來分配電力，嗯，這些電池被用於其他目的，業主甚至不一定需要知道。

You begin to have something that looks like a much more viable society that still has a lot of electricity needs but is able to base that much more on renewables is able to make up the difference during peak load periods or during differences in whether that is able to have power much closer to where it's needed rather than having to be distributed over great distances.

你開始有一些東西，看起來像一個更可行的社會，仍然有大量的電力需求，但能夠更多地基於可再生能源，能夠在高峰負荷期間或在差異期間彌補差額，能夠有更接近它需要的地方的電力，而不是必須分佈在遙遠的地方。

Like that's something that would be an enormously hard problem to solve.

就像那是一個非常難以解決的問題。

And it's not that the Blockchain makes it easy but it makes it possible.

而不是說區塊鏈讓它變得簡單，而是讓它成為可能。

A lot of people are seeing Blockchain in the news and maybe seeing a lot of sort of initial coin offerings, this sort of monetization opportunity around Blockchain and are getting very excited about it and some of that excitement is real and should be encouraged.

很多人在新聞中看到了區塊鏈，也許看到了很多首次發行的硬幣，這種圍繞著區塊鏈的貨幣化機會，並對它感到非常興奮，其中一些興奮是真實的，應該得到鼓勵。

But some of it is also hype.

但其中也有一些是炒作。

How do you feel about the hype cycle around Blockchain today?

你對今天圍繞區塊鏈的炒作週期有何看法？

I'm glad you mentioned initial coin offerings because for me, those really exemplify the sort of the problem that we're having at this exact moment.

我很高興你提到了首次代幣發行，因為對我來說，這些真的體現了我們在這個確切時刻遇到的那種問題。

They are a an idea with enormous potential significance down the road.

他們是一個具有巨大潛在意義的想法。

However, the promise of the initial coin offering has been kind of hijacked into this string of like basically pump and dump scams or sort of desperate gold rush schemes the faster that we can, we can shift from this this fantasy that it is going to make you rich in a sort of you know, 19 twenties tulip bubble kind of way.

然而，首次代幣發行的承諾已經被劫持到這一連串像基本上是抽水和傾倒的騙局或那種絕望的淘金計劃中，我們可以更快地從這種幻想中轉移出來，即它會讓你以一種你知道的、19世紀20年代鬱金香保麗龍的方式致富。

Um is is is the sooner that we can get into people honestly and I mean this like with all the hope in the world, people being disappointed in block chains like oh I didn't get rich.

嗯是是我們可以越早進入人們誠實地，我的意思是這就像世界上所有的希望，人們對區塊鏈感到失望，就像哦我沒有發財。

It's just being used now to make it easier to transact goods and services safely across borders.

它現在只是被用來使商品和服務的安全跨境交易變得更容易。

This isn't exciting at all.

這一點都不令人興奮。

And then we'll see that like become part of the everyday infrastructure of the world in a way that I think will be very significant.

然後我們會看到，像成為世界日常基礎設施的一部分，我認為這將是非常重要的。

But I think it is now, almost every aspect of it that's connected with the concept of money is wildly overhyped.

但我認為現在，幾乎每一個與金錢概念有關的方面都被瘋狂地過度炒作。

Um and it also creates a problem, which is people get a lot of excitement around it and they're waiting for The world changed.

嗯，這也造成了一個問題，那就是人們圍繞它得到了很多興奮，他們在等待世界的改變。

Right?

對嗎？

Where, where is this technology?

哪裡，哪裡有這種技術？

Why haven't I seen change yet?

為什麼我還沒有看到變化？

Because we've had a lot of pr a lot of proof of concept.

因為我們已經有了大量的概念證明。

But truthfully this is more like a science.

但說實話，這更像是一門科學。

It will develop, it will take five years, it will take 10 years.

它將會發展，將需要五年，將需要十年。

That kind of time is necessary.

這樣的時間是必要的。

One of the areas that brought supply chain research is the fact that we're not just going to see Blockchain emerge, We're going to see artificial intelligence continue to evolve.

帶來供應鏈研究的一個領域是，我們不僅僅要看到區塊鏈的出現，我們還要看到人工智能繼續發展。

We're gonna see connected devices and this sort of growing internet of things, machinery that can do a lot more and have a wallet and transact on their own.

我們將看到連接的設備和這種不斷增長的物聯網，機械可以做得更多，並有一個錢包和自己的交易。

And so I actually think a lot of where Blockchain and other technologies are headed is this interesting synergy that will help us elevate the kinds of institutions we've used in the past and cobbled together to create that identifiable verifiable trust.

是以，我實際上認為區塊鏈和其他技術的發展方向是這種有趣的協同作用，它將幫助我們提升我們過去使用的和拼湊起來的各種機構，以創造可識別的可驗證的信任。

Yes.

是的。

And one of the most interesting ideas to me that came out of the currency side of the Blockchain project was the notion around like coloring coins, right, assigned properties to a particular coin.

對我來說，從區塊鏈項目的貨幣方面產生的最有趣的想法之一是圍繞著像給硬幣著色的概念，對，給一個特定的硬幣分配屬性。

Um, and in particular to assign those properties in ways that would allow you to do things like bring in the graph of previous transactions.

嗯，特別是以允許你做一些事情的方式來分配這些屬性，例如引入以前的交易圖。

You know, there's there's sort of an obvious application for this, which is something that would look a little bit like an extreme version of like a boycott divestment and sanctions kind of approach, right?

你知道，這有一種明顯的應用，那就是看起來有點像極端版本的抵制撤資和制裁之類的方法，對嗎？

A model where it's sort of like I will not touch money, my wallet will automatically not touch money that has been exchanged with the following as a sort of very extreme way of cutting those things out.

一種模式，它有點像我不會碰錢，我的錢包會自動不碰已經與下面的人交換的錢，作為一種非常極端的方式來切斷這些東西。

But there's also ways in which I think that could be applied to, to clearing out the entire logistics process of many kinds of bad actors.

但也有一些方法，我認為這可以應用於，清除整個物流過程中的許多種類的不良行為者。

But trying to make a supply chain better in some ways, relies a lot on whose version of better that is and exactly kind of what gets qualified but also how that is quantified within, say, some kind of like smart contract system.