Name: 【CNN10】美國通膨壓力小費縮水、瀕臨滅絕的紐西蘭海獅 | 2022年5月3日 (To Tip Or Not To Tip? | May 3, 2022)
Uploaded: 2022-05-09T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Cars and sea lions⏤two things you wouldn't expect to interact.

汽車和海獅 -- 兩樣你以為不會有互動的東西。

How and where that's happening is coming up.

接下來將為您揭曉事件的經過及地點。

What happens with it doesn't only apply to Americans; it can impact many more people around the world.

美國經濟不只影響美國人，也可能對全世界造成影響。

And one indicator, one measure of that economy is the US stock market.

而美國股市就是衡量美國經濟的指標及標準。

In that 30-day period, several major US stock indexes saw their worst decreases since March of 2020 when the COVID pandemic was sinking in.

在 30 天內，美國幾個主要股指出現了自 2020 年 3 月疫情發生以來最嚴重的跌幅。

And the NASDAQ⏤a stock exchange that includes tech companies like Amazon, Apple, and Google⏤saw its biggest drop since October of 2008 when the great recession was taking place.

納斯達克 ⏤ 亞馬遜、蘋果和谷歌等科技公司在內的證券交易所，出現了自 2008 年 10 月經濟大蕭條以來最大的跌幅。

COVID cases have been increasing in China, and that country is so populated and so economically powerful that its strict lockdown policies don't only hit the Chinese economy.

中國的新冠肺炎病例持續增長。該國人口眾多、經濟實力雄厚，嚴格的封鎖政策不僅打擊中國本身經濟，

The ongoing war in Ukraine is creating global uncertainty⏤investors don't like that.

烏克蘭持續的戰事造成全球不穩定，而投資者並不看好這情況。

The US Federal Reserve is planning to raise interest rates again.

美國聯邦儲備委員會正計劃再次提高利率。

That might help reduce inflation but also might reduce economic growth, and the fears of a recession⏤a decline in the nation's economy⏤are also hurting stocks.

這可能有助減緩通貨膨脹，但也可能抑制經濟成長，人們對國家經濟衰退的擔憂也正損害股票市場。

Another economic indicator is the US government's monthly jobs report.

另一個經濟指標是美國政府月度就業報告。

The newest one will have information from April, and it's due out later this week.

本週稍晚將發佈最新一份報告，內容將會包含 4 月份的資訊。

American employers have added several hundred thousand jobs each month this year and the unemployment rate⏤the percentage of workers who don't have a job⏤has been steadily decreasing, both good economic signs.

今年以來，美國僱主每個月都增加幾十萬個工作崗位，且失業率 (沒有工作的工人比例) 一直穩步下降，這兩者都是良好的經濟指標。

But while Americans' average wages have also been increasing, they haven't risen enough to keep pace with inflation, the hike in prices for many things we buy.

雖然美國平均工資也在增長，但仍跟不上通貨膨脹的速度，也就是我們平時購物價格的上漲。

Last year, inflation rates rose to their highest level in decades⏤they've only gotten worse in 2022, and that's having ripple effects across the economy.

去年，通貨膨脹率上升到近幾十年來最高水準。2022 年情況變得更糟，對整個經濟產生了連鎖反應。

At Stellina Pizzeria in D.C., the food has been hot and the tips steady throughout the pandemic.

位於華盛頓 D.C.的披薩店Stellina，在疫情期間顧客仍絡繹不絕，小費收入也很穩定。

Have the tips been good during the pandemic?

But now, the staff, suppliers, customers⏤everyone is facing a tipping point, and service workers in some places are paying the price.

但現在，員工、供應商、客戶，每個人都面臨個轉捩點，某些服務人員也為此大受影響。

Just ask Isabella Sarmiento, the operations manager.

問問營運經理伊莎貝拉·薩門託（Isabella Sarmento）就知道了。

Tipping has grown a lot more complicated.

The pandemic, by many accounts, pushed tips to new prominence in home deliveries, at take-out stands, food trucks, and in ride-sharing services far beyond the spots where many consumers were used to seeing them

許多人認為，疫情增加了很多需要付小費的地方，包括外送、外帶、餐車和共享汽車，遠遠超出了許多消費者以往的習慣。

At the New York Times, food writer Christina Morales says, "That's left a lot of folks wondering where to tip, when, and how much?"

《紐約時報》中，食品作家克里斯蒂娜·莫拉萊斯說到：「這讓很多人不知道什麼時候該給小費，又該給多少錢。」

What's driving, really, a lot of this anxiety and confusion is the fact that these changes in tipping have happened so fast.

這種焦慮和困惑很大程度上是因為小費文化實在變化太快了。

She says even the social norms for tipping have become unsettled, noting one company which tracks credit card transactions found tips rose as the pandemic began, then leveled off, and now are falling amid the confusion and inflation.

她說，給小費的社會規範也變得不穩定，並指出一家追蹤信用卡交易的公司發現小費在疫情開始時上升，然後趨於平穩，現在又在混亂和通貨膨脹中下降。

So, should you tip at a coffee stand, a supermarket, a convenience store?

所以，在咖啡攤、超市、便利店是否該給小費？

Some customers say it's simple: if someone helps you, tip; if you help yourself...

對某些顧客而言這很簡單，如果有人服務你，就給小費。但如果是只靠自己的情況…

I was at the airport and I grabbed a bottle of water from, like, a convenience store, and it asked me for a tip, and I was, like, "Uh... that's not happening."

有次我在機場便利店，自己拿了一瓶水，這樣竟然要付小費，我就想：「想都別想。」

To make it all clearer, Stellina now puts a 20% service charge on your bill.

像是披薩店Stellina現在會加收 20% 服務費。

That is the tip⏤unless you want to add a little more.

服務費就是小費，除非你還想多付一點。

For me, I personally evaluate the service that I'm receiving and I also take into account the person behind the counter, and I say, you know, "How much could they possibly be making?"

我個人會評估我受到的服務，也會考慮到櫃檯人員然後問自己，他們可能可以賺多少錢?

Just understand, like, I think we're all just trying to do what's best for the people around us.

請大家要知道，我們都只是想為周遭的人提供最好的服務。

Inflation is just complicating things more as people count every dollar and try to make every dollar count on both sides of the tipping wall.

通貨膨脹讓事情變得更加複雜，因為人開始計算花的每一分錢，想讓每一分錢都值得，不管是收小費還是付小費的人。

我是 Tom Foreman，以上是 CNN 報導。

10-second trivia: Which of these countries is made up of two main islands and about 600 smaller ones?

10 秒瑣事測驗：下列哪個國家是由兩個主要島嶼和大約 600 個較小島嶼組成？

Indonesia, Philippines, New Zealand, or Hispaniola.

印度尼西亞、菲律賓、紐西蘭，還是伊斯帕尼奧拉島。

It's the two main islands⏤the north and the south⏤that distinguish New Zealand from other island countries.

紐西蘭與其他島嶼國家不同的地方正是南北兩個主要島嶼。

There's a species of sea lion⏤the New Zealand Sea Lion⏤that is only found in that country.

有種海獅，也就是紐西蘭海獅，只有在該國才找的到。

And according to New Zealand's government, it's one of the rarest types of sea lion[s] on the planet.

根據紐西蘭政府表示，牠們是地球上最稀有的海獅之一。

There are an estimated 12,000 of them; they are endangered.

據估計大約有 12,000 隻紐西蘭海獅，且牠們已瀕臨滅絕。

The threats they face include everything from diseases and lack of food to being caught by accident in the fishing industry and even road accidents.

牠們面臨各種威脅，包含疾病、缺乏食物、在人類捕魚時被意外捕獲，或甚至是道路事故。

These animals like to move inland and they're encountering cars, people, and dogs along the way.

這些動物喜歡在內陸活動，一路上牠們會遇到汽車、人和狗。

But this isn't a report about what's killing them off.

但這邊並不是要報導牠們死因。

It's about what's bringing them back to New Zealand's south island and what's being done to help them and people live together.

而是關於牠們為什麼回到了紐西蘭南島，以及人們為了與牠們共同生活所做的努力。

As a volunteer with New Zealand Sea Lion Trust, Hanna Yeardley is monitoring the sea lions where she lives near the Otago Peninsula on the country's South Island.

身為紐西蘭海獅信託基金的志工，漢娜·伊爾德利正監測她居住地奧塔哥半島 (位於南島) 附近的海獅。

It's kind of like babysitting, you know, especially when... when they're pregnant or they have pups.

有點像在當保姆，特別是當牠們懷孕或有小海狗時。

You kind of make sure that someone's at least seen them or checked up on them during the day.

要確保至少白天有人有去看他們或檢查。

These pups are part of a new generation of sea lions that have returned to this coast after a long absence.

這些小海獅，是從這海岸缺席一陣子後的新生代海獅。

Driven off the mainland over a century ago by hunting, New Zealand Sea Lions survived on subantarctic islands until one day in 1993.

紐西蘭海獅在一個多世紀前因為獵殺被趕出大陸後，一直在南極洲下的島嶼上生存，直到 1993 年某一天。

A female from the Auckland Islands had a pup here on the mainland and she proceeded to have 11 pups.

一隻來自奧克蘭群島的母海獅來到這裡生了一隻小海獅，又接著生下了 11 隻。

So, essentially, this one female was responsible for bringing back a population of sea lions to Otago.

所以基本上，塔哥海獅數量的增加可以歸因於這隻母海獅。

那隻舉足輕重的海獅被命名為「媽媽」。

She left behind a dynasty of sea lions that continues to thrive on this coast today.

她留下了一個海獅王朝，至今仍在這片海岸上繁衍生息。

But they don't just stick to this coastline.

但牠們並不是在這條海岸線活動。

They really push inland as far as they can, and that usually puts them up against the road.

牠們儘可能地向內陸前進，甚至直接出現在馬路上。

And, so, actually, one of the biggest threats are some of those modes of transport.

實際上，交通是牠們最大的威脅之一。

The sea lions have returned to a very different coastline to the one they left over 100 years ago.

海獅回到的海岸線時，已和 100 多年前牠們離開時非常不同。

Keeping them safe is the job of biodiversity ranger Jim Fyfe.

生物多樣性護林員 Jim Fyfe 的工作是保護牠們的安全。

Humans love to go to the beach at summer.

The young sea lions are really curious and playful.

小海獅富有好奇心，也很貪玩。

They know that the surfers are there having fun as well, and so they want to join in; they're, you know, social animals.

知道衝浪的人在玩，牠們也想加入，畢竟牠們是社交動物。

Our advice is that you just don't interact with them.

Just ignore them and get on with what you're doing.

不要理會他們，繼續做你正在做的事。

Despite their recovery here, New Zealand Sea Lions are one of the world's rarest sea lion species, facing threats from disease and accidental capture in local fisheries.

儘管紐西蘭海獅數量漸漸恢復，但牠們仍是世界上最稀有的海獅物種之一，面臨像是疾病和被當地漁業意外捕獲的威脅。

That makes protecting this burgeoning population even more important.

保護這數量逐日增長的物種變得格外重要。

And that's where local residents come in.

Communities, usually, once they start to learn about them, take a real interest and are... are really protective of the sea lions that are breeding in the communities.

一但社區居民開始瞭解牠們，通常就會產生興趣，然後保護在社區繁殖的海獅。

People are just surprised to find these animals in their backyard.

居民只是在他們的後院見到這些動物時會很驚訝。

This year, 21 sea lion pups were born on the Otago Peninsula, Fyfe says.

Fyfe 說，今年有 21 隻小海獅在奧塔哥半島出生。

It's the highest number since they returned to these shores and will keep sea lion babysitters like Yardley busy for years to come.

這是自牠們返回海岸以來的最高出生量，也將使海獅保姆 Yardley 在未來幾年內有得忙。

It's very cool because you're gonna get to see their wee faces again.

這很酷，因為可以再次看到牠們的小臉。

Once you get to know them, sea lions do have personalities.

了解後會發現，海獅確實有很多種個性。

It's just seeing them, enjoying them while respecting their space, of course.

當然，我只是看著他們，尊重牠們空間的同時也享受與牠們相處。

Even in South Dakota, you're not building a snowman in 60-degree weather.

即使在南達科他州，你也不可能在 60° 度的天氣下堆雪人。

That's why this came as a surprise to residents of an assisted living center who woke up last week to see this in the yard.

這就是為什麼輔助生活中心的居民上週醒來看到院子裡的這個東西時會如此驚訝。

A local man had been away at a meeting in the mountains of western South Dakota when they were smacked by a snowstorm.

一名當地人在南達科他州西部山區參加會議時被暴風雪襲擊。

So, he shoveled a bunch of it into his pickup truck, drove back home to the eastern part of the state, and he and his daughter gave Frosty new life outside a care center in Sioux Falls.

所以他把一堆雪鏟進他的皮卡車，開回州東部的家。他和他女兒在蘇福爾斯的護理中心外給了這個雪新的生命。

Well, the sun was hot that day, but they still had some fun before he melted away.

那天的太陽很熱，但在雪人融化前，父女倆玩得很開心。

Of course, the scene looked more like a "Winter Wonderland" that's more common "In the Bleak Midwinter".

當然，這一幕看起來像是隆冬中更常見的冬季仙境。

But the effort made it a "Silent Night" brought a little "Joy to the World" for those who still needed "A Little Christmas" at springtime even if critics would've rather "Decked the Halls" with a hippopotamus.

但他們的努力造就了「寧靜聖誕夜」，為那些在春天仍需要一點聖誕氣息的人帶來歡樂，儘管批評者寧願用河馬裝飾大廳。

Wall High School, you guys are "wall-some"!

Shout-out to our viewers in Wall, New Jersey.

向我們在紐澤西沃爾的觀眾致敬。

The one and only place we look for your shout-out requests is youtube.com/CNN10; I'm Carl Azuz.

還有任何請求嗎？ 快上 youtube.com/CNN10。我是 Carl Azuz。