but are they making a real difference?

但是，他們是否真正發揮了作用？

We'll show you whether the law supports their cause.

我們會告訴你法律是否支持他們的事業。

She's the climate superstar,

她是氣候超級明星。

but what has Greta Thunberg actually achieved?

但格麗塔-唐伯格究竟取得了什麼成就？

And... the elderly women taking their government to court

還有......老年婦女將其政府告上法庭

to protect the environment.

以保護環境。

She seems to have made more difference than anyone ever before:

她似乎比以前的任何人都做出了更多的改變。

Greta Thunberg has made people more aware of the climate crisis

格雷塔-圖恩伯格讓人們對氣候危機有了更多認識

and got thousands of young people to protest.

並讓數以千計的年輕人進行抗議。

But how can that support become legal change?

但這種支持如何能成為法律上的變化？

It wasn't a big start:

這並不是一個大的開始。

a single fifteen-year-old girl sitting in the street.

一個15歲的單身女孩坐在街上。

But Greta's school strike, outside the Swedish Parliament,

但格雷塔的學校罷工，在瑞典議會外。

soon caught people's attention.

很快就引起了人們的注意。

'Save our world!'

'拯救我們的世界！'

Children around the world did the same –

more than a million of them, in 1,600 cities.

在1,600個城市中，有超過一百萬的人。

Greta started getting invited to speak at major events –

格雷塔開始被邀請在重大活動中發言 --

even sailing to North America,

甚至航行到北美洲。

where she attended the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit.

她在那裡出席了2019年聯合國氣候行動峰會。

And she isn't afraid to tell politicians and lawmakers

而且她並不害怕告訴政治家和立法者

they need to make responsible choices for our planet...

他們需要為我們的星球做出負責任的選擇......

We, the young people, are the ones

我們這些年輕人是

who are going to write about you in the history books.

他們將在歷史書中寫到你。

We are the ones who get to decide how you will be remembered,

我們才是能夠決定如何記住你的人。

so my advice for you is to choose wisely.

所以我給你的建議是明智地選擇。

She's been on lists of the world's most powerful women,

她一直在世界最有權勢的婦女名單上。

and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize more than once,

並不止一次被提名為諾貝爾和平獎的候選人。

but does that mean she's actually changed anything really?

但這是否意味著她真的改變了什麼？

Let's hear from climate activist and lawyer, Rizwana Hasan,

讓我們聽聽氣候活動家和律師里茲瓦納-哈桑的意見。

about why she's important.

關於為什麼她很重要。

What is most important about her movement is the fact that

關於她的運動，最重要的是

she is spreading a message to a different generation,

她正在向不同的一代人傳播一個資訊。

who will be taking the leadership.

誰將會擔任上司。

So, the hope actually lies there.

是以，希望實際上在於此。

It's not about changing law,

這與改變法律無關。

it's not about changing the present-day policies yet

還不是要改變現在的政策

but it's about creating leadership for the future.

但這是關於為未來創造領導力。

Although Greta hasn't directly changed any other laws,

儘管格雷塔並沒有直接改變其他法律。

she has inspired others in her generation.

她激勵了她那一代人的其他人。

They may be the ones to fix the climate.

他們可能是解決氣候問題的人。

So, do current laws support the aims of campaigners like Greta?

那麼，目前的法律是否支持像格雷塔這樣的運動者的目標？

To some extent, international laws are supportive

在某種程度上，國際法律是支持的

of the claims of the climate activists and environmental justice activists.

的氣候活動家和環境正義活動家的主張。

We do have good... some good international environmental law,

我們確實有良好的......一些良好的國際環境法。

but we actually need more of it.

但我們實際上需要更多的東西。

We actually need more provisions in the international law

我們實際上需要在國際法中加入更多的條款

against use of fossil fuel, against deforestation,

反對使用化石燃料，反對砍伐森林。

against pollution of water courses.

防止水道的汙染。

Although she agrees with some international law,

雖然她同意一些國際法的規定。

campaigners like Rizwana want laws against fossil fuels,

像Rizwana這樣的運動者希望有反對化石燃料的法律。

cutting down trees and polluting water.

砍伐樹木和汙染水源。

And she thinks Greta's fame could help make that happen.

而她認為葛麗泰的名氣可以幫助實現這一目標。

That is why we see that

這就是為什麼我們看到

the US is making a comeback to the Paris Agreement.

美國正在對《巴黎協定》進行回擊。

The media attention is actually creating wider awareness

媒體的關注實際上正在創造更廣泛的意識

among people, about the problems of climate change,

在人們之間，關於氣候變化的問題。

because of the media attention.

因為媒體的關注。

It is because of the media attention

正是因為媒體的關注

that a Bangladeshi farmer would now know

孟加拉的農民現在會知道

why the changes that he's seeing in the weather patterns is happening.

為什麼他看到的天氣模式的變化正在發生。

She thinks media attention on Greta pushes politicians to do things,

她認為媒體對格萊塔的關注推動了政治家們的工作。

like when the US rejoined the Paris climate agreement.

就像美國重新加入巴黎氣候協議時一樣。

It also raises awareness of the problems.

這也提高了人們對這些問題的認識。

What is the main problem for campaigners like Greta, legally?

在法律上，像格雷塔這樣的運動者的主要問題是什麼？

Not having an international platform,

沒有一個國際平臺。

where the campaigners can actually take their grievances to... for redress.

競選者實際上可以把他們的不滿提交給......進行補救。

Had there been an international court,

如果有一個國際法院。

that would deal with crimes against environment

處理危害環境罪

and where the campaigners would be able to go

以及運動者將能去的地方

when their national governments are not giving them relief,

當他們的國家政府不給他們提供救濟時。

that could actually advance that cause of the campaigners.

這實際上可以推動運動者的事業。

Unlike human rights abuses,

與侵犯人權的行為不同。

there isn't an international court specially for climate cases.

沒有一個專門處理氣候案件的國際法庭。

Rizwana says this is a big problem for campaigners.

里茲瓦納說，這對競選者來說是個大問題。

Even though there isn't a special climate court,

即使沒有一個特別的氣候法庭。

campaigners do use other courts.

競選者確實在使用其他法院。

Let's hear about a very unusual group of activists.

讓我們來聽聽一個非常不尋常的活動家群體的故事。

Climbing temperatures:

攀登的溫度。

one of the most talked about parts of climate change.

氣候變化中最受關注的部分之一。

A heatwave in Europe in 2019 killed thousands of people

2019年歐洲的一場熱浪導致數千人死亡

across the continent, according to officials.

據官員稱，在整個非洲大陸。

And some of the people most affected by rising heat are the elderly.

而一些受熱度上升影響最大的人是老年人。

And some of the elderly are doing something about that.

而一些老人正在為此做一些事情。

These women are the Union of Swiss Senior Women for Climate Protection,

這些婦女是瑞士高級婦女氣候保護聯盟。

or the KlimaSeniorinnen.

或KlimaSeniorinnen。

Here's how one of them dealt with the heat.

下面是他們中的一個人如何應對炎熱的天氣。

You don't even want to turn on the light because you fear that...

你甚至不想開燈，因為你擔心...

I mean, when you close the shutters – it's dark inside,

我的意思是，當你關閉百葉窗時--裡面一片漆黑。

you don't want to turn on the light, or I did want... not want to,

你不想開燈，或者我確實想......不想。

because you feel like you are heating the room with that.

因為你覺得你在用這個加熱房間。

They took a case to Swiss court, but lost.

他們向瑞士法院提起訴訟，但敗訴。

We want our government to implement a climate plan

我們希望我們的政府能夠實施一項氣候計劃

that guarantees the required 1.5° limit on global warming.

保證全球變暖的1.5°限制的要求。

So, now they're going to try to use international law

所以，現在他們要試圖利用國際法

at the European Court of Human Rights.

在歐洲人權法院。

Georg Klinger worked with the women.

喬治-克林格與婦女們一起工作。

He explains what argument they used in Swiss court.

他解釋了他們在瑞士法庭上使用了什麼論據。

So, the main point about that case is that

是以，關於該案的主要觀點是

the climate law of the Swiss government is actually unlawful.

瑞士政府的氣候法實際上是不合法的。

So, not doing enough to protect people from climate collapse

所以，在保護人們免受氣候崩潰的影響方面做得不夠好

is a violation to fundamental rights

是對基本權利的侵犯

that are protected in our constitution, like the right to live,

在我們的憲法中受到保護的權利，如生存權。

and also in the European Convention of Human Rights.

以及《歐洲人權公約》的規定。

The women argued, in Swiss court,

這些婦女在瑞士法庭上爭辯說。

that Swiss law broke human rights laws, like the right to life,

瑞士法律違反了人權法律，如生命權。

by not protecting them from climate change.

不保護他們免受氣候變化的影響。

So, why did they lose?

那麼，他們為什麼會輸呢？

The Supreme Court came to the conclusion

最高法院得出的結論是

that we still have time

我們仍有時間

to avert the most dangerous impacts of climate change.

以避免氣候變化的最危險影響。

They said that this threshold of 1.5° is not reached yet.

他們說，這個1.5°的閾值還沒有達到。

So, the intensity of the threat to human rights is not big enough

所以，對人權的威脅強度還不夠大

for a court to get involved.

法院介入。

The court said climate change wasn't yet a big enough threat

法院說，氣候變化還不是一個足夠大的威脅

to the women's human rights for them to get involved.

對婦女的人權，讓她們參與進來。

Why would an international court say something different?

為什麼一個國際法庭會有不同的說法？

I think they could come to a different conclusion

我認為他們可以得出不同的結論

because this court is specialised on human rights.

因為這個法院是專門研究人權的。

They really know about the threats to human rights

他們真正瞭解對人權的威脅

and we also heard from this court that they realise

而我們也從這個法庭聽到，他們意識到

that climate change is such a threat.

氣候變化是這樣一種威脅。

They believe they have a better chance in the international court,

他們認為他們在國際法院有更好的機會。

because it specialises in human rights

因為它專門從事人權方面的工作

and they have heard it considers climate change a big threat.

而且他們聽說它認為氣候變化是一個很大的威脅。

Georg thinks the law needs to change.

喬治認為法律需要改變。

Yeah, I think our actual law really needs to be changed,

是的，我認為我們的實際法律真的需要改變。

because it's well done for direct threats like,

因為它對直接威脅做得很好，比如。

for example, a chemical spill.

例如，化學品洩漏。

It's not good for, like, these bigger, overall threats,

這對，比如說，這些更大的、整體的威脅來說是不好的。

like climate change, which is without any doubt

像氣候變化，這是毫無疑問的

the biggest threat to our fundamental human rights,

是對我們基本人權的最大威脅。

but for which our law is not really made to deal with.

但我們的法律並沒有真正用於處理這些問題。

Georg says the law isn't made

喬治說，法律不是由

to deal with big overall threats, like climate change.

以應對大的整體威脅，如氣候變化。

It's better at one-off events, like an oil spill.

它在一次性事件中更有優勢，比如漏油事件。

Young and old, climate campaigners are trying to help the climate.

無論老少，氣候運動者都在努力幫助氣候。

We've seen that their efforts put pressure

我們已經看到，他們的努力給

on politicians to change the law,

對政治家來說，要改變法律。

giving all generations hope for the future.

給予所有世代的人對未來的希望。