Name: 【TED-Ed】智慧型手機是什麼做的？(What’s a smartphone made of? - Kim Preshoff)
Uploaded: 2018-10-03T01:21:31.000Z
Duration: 4 min 56 s

As of 2018, there are around  2.5 billion smartphone users in the world.

截至2018年，全球約有25億智能手機用戶。

If we broke open all their newest phones,

如果我們掰開他們所有最新的手機。

進階被動語態

which are just a fraction  of the total that've been built,

這只是已經建成的總數的一小部分。

and split them into their component parts,

that would produce  around 85,000 kilograms of gold,

How did this precious cache  get into our phones,

這個珍貴的緩存怎麼會進入我們的手機。

Gold, silver, and copper  are actually just a few

黃金、白銀、銅其實只是一些。

of the 70 or so chemical elements  that make up the average smartphone.

組成普通智能手機的70多種化學元素中，。

These can be divided  into different groups,

two of the most critical  being rare earth elements

Rare earths are a selection of 17 elements that are actually common in Earth's crust

稀土是指在地殼中實際常見的17種元素的選擇。

and are found in many areas across  the world in low concentrations.

並在世界許多地區發現，濃度較低。

These elements have a huge range of magnetic,

that make them crucial  to modern technologies.

In fact, of the 17 types  of rare earth metals,

phones and other electronics  may contain up to 16.

手機和其他電子產品可能含有多達16。

In smartphones, these create the screen  and color display,

在智能手機中，這些創造了螢幕和色彩顯示。

is linked to some disturbing  environmental impacts.

與一些令人不安的環境影響有關。

it's not economically feasible  to extract them due to low concentrations.

由於濃度低，提取它們在經濟上不可行。

extracting them requires  a method called open pit mining

開採它們需要一種叫做露天開採的方法。

This form of mining destroys  huge swaths of natural habitats,

這種形式的採礦活動破壞了大片的自然棲息地。

threatening the health  of nearby communities.

Another group of ingredients  in smartphones

and all of it is associated  with vast habitat destruction,

而這一切都與巨大的生境破壞有關。

Mining comes with  worrying social problems, too,

採礦業也伴隨著令人擔憂的社會問題。

like large-scale human  and animal displacement

大規模的人類和動物流離失所等問題

and frequently,  poor working conditions for laborers.

並且經常出現勞動者工作條件差的情況。

Lastly, phone production  also requires petroleum,

one of the main drivers of climate change.

氣候變化的主要驅動因素之一。

That entwines our smartphones inextricably with this growing planetary conundrum.

這就將我們的智能手機與這個日益嚴重的地球難題緊密地糾纏在一起。

the ingredients we mine  to make our phones aren't infinite.

我們挖礦做手機的原料並不是無限的。

and we haven't yet discovered effective  replacements for some.

而我們還沒有發現一些有效的替代品。

the number of smartphones  is on a steady increase;

by 2019 it's predicted that  there'll be close to 3 billion in use.

到2019年，預計將有近30億的使用。

This means that reclaiming the bounty  within our phones

這意味著，回收我們手機內的賞金。

you might want to consider your options  before throwing it away.

在扔掉它之前，你可能要考慮你的選擇。

To minimize waste, you could donate it  to a charity for reuse,

為了減少浪費，你可以把它捐給慈善機構再利用。

take it to an e-waste recycling facility,

or look for a company  that refurbishes old models.

或者找一家翻新舊機型的公司。

However, even recycling companies  need our scrutiny.

然而，即使是回收公司也需要我們的監督。

comes with social  and environmental problems,

E-waste is sometimes intentionally  exported to countries

電子廢物有時會被故意出口到各國。

where labor is cheap  but working conditions are poor.

勞動力便宜但工作條件差的地方；

Vast workforces,  often made up of women and children,

龐大的勞動力，通常由婦女和兒童組成；

lack the training  to safely disassemble phones,

and be exposed to elements  like lead and mercury,

which can permanently damage  their nervous systems.

這可能會永久性地損害他們的神經系統。

Phone waste can also end up  in huge dump sites,

手機垃圾最終也會被扔進巨大的垃圾場。

leaching toxic chemicals  into the soil and water,

將有毒化學品滲入土壤和水中；

mirroring the problems of the mines  where the elements originated.

反映了元素來源地的礦山問題。

A phone is much more than it appears  to be on the surface.

一部手機遠比表面上看起來的要多。

It's an assemblage of elements from multiple countries,

linked to impacts  that are unfolding on a global scale.

與全球範圍內正在發生的影響有關。

So, until someone invents  a completely sustainable smartphone,

所以，在有人發明出一款完全可持續發展的智能手機之前。

with how this technology affects widespread places and people.

與這種技術如何影響廣泛的地方和人。