petroleum
US /pəˈtroliəm/
・UK /pə'trəʊlɪəm/
B2 中高級英檢高級
n. (u.)不可數名詞石油；原油
Most fuels are produced using petroleum that is taken from the ground
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能源危機警報：解析油價持續走高的背後因素與預測（Why current oil prices do not reflect actual energy supply shortages — and might climb higher）
- And they've built up their strategic petroleum reserve, I should say.
我應該說，他們已經建立了他們的戰略石油儲備。
- And they've built up their strategic petroleum reserve, I should say.
這主要是因為這些地緣戰略上的考量，也就是對進口石油和天然氣供應過度依賴。
美國最嚴重的潛在災難：為什麼卡斯凱迪亞大地震比想像中更恐怖？（Wait...The Worst Possible US Disaster Just Got EVEN WORSE?!? (Cascadia Megaquake)）
- A lot of these large petroleum tanks that are located right along the Willamette River were built to insufficient seismic codes.
預計在此類事件中將有超過3萬人傷亡，總損失超過810億美元，這基本上是影響美國的史上最昂貴的自然災害。
- There are other hazardous materials besides petroleum products in the CEI hub and in the industrial areas.
在俄勒岡州威拉米特河沿岸，離波特蘭市中心僅幾英里處，坐落著關鍵能源基礎設施中心。
科學家研發出可無限回收的塑膠！🤩 (Scientists Created a Plastic That’s Infinitely Recyclable)
- Sulfuric acid as a result, because it's a byproduct of petroleum refining, is very, very inexpensive.
之所以選硫磺酸是因為它是一種石油精煉的副產品，非常非常便宜。
- Sulfuric acid, as a result, because it's a byproduct of petroleum refining, is very, very inexpensive.
這類設施也能還原水和含有這類鹽分的化學物質其商業價值。
州長無話可說！凱文·凱利怒批紐森加州高物價、油價飆漲！ ('The Governor Had No Answer!': Kevin Kiley Rips Gavin Newsom Over CA Cost Of Living, Gas Prices)
- By the way, this gasoline comes in on tankers that run on petroleum.
對了，這些汽油是裝在油輪上運送的，而油輪是用石油來運轉的。
- By the way, this gasoline comes in on tankers that run on petroleum.
對了，這些汽油是裝在油輪上運送的，而油輪是用石油來運轉的。
產業現況分析：高油價「雪上加霜」打擊消費者！ (Sectors Up Close: High oil prices 'kicking the consumer while they're down')
- But I would also caveat with the fact that we've seen over the last few years we actually drew down our strategic petroleum reserves and so they are now down about close to 40% from peak.
但我還是要補充一點，過去幾年我們其實動用了戰略石油儲備，現在比高峰時少了將近40%。
- but I would also caveat with the fact that we've seen over the last few years we actually drew down our strategic petroleum reserves,
所以我們需要補充這些供應。
「大毒梟」El Mencho 之死引爆墨西哥暴力！前緝毒局官員深入解析！ (Cartel leader "El Mencho" killed, sparking Mexico violence; former DEA official explains situation)
- then they were also involved in the theft of petroleum from Pemex pipelines.
然後他們也參與了從 Pemex 管道竊取石油的活動。
- and then they were also involved in the theft of petroleum from Pemex pipelines.
然後他們也參與了從 Pemex 管道竊取石油的活動。
川普：印度同意停止購買俄油！| DW新聞 (Trump says India agreed to stop buying Russian oil | DW News)
- Trump says Modi has promised to spend $500 billion on US products, including aircraft and petroleum.
川普說莫迪承諾將在美國產品上花費 5000 億美元，其中包括飛機和石油。
- Trump says Modi has promised to spend 500 billion dollars on US products, including aircraft and petroleum.
川普說莫迪承諾將在美國產品上花費 5000 億美元，其中包括飛機和石油。
中國如何在中國自家後院擊敗印度！ (How China is Beating India in Its Own Backyard)
- If you open a map that tracks ships, zoom in on the Indian Ocean, then turn on live tracking... ...the vital arteries of global commerce become obvious Without access to it, trade between Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia... ...would basically grind to a halt These are the choke points, the critical passages that fuel the world economy For India, they're non-negotiable, carrying almost all its trade and energy Since the Indian Ocean is named after India, it is quite integral to India's worldview But it's also important to another giant China is pouring billions into ports, infrastructure and naval expansion And that has India alarmed China is not violating any international rules And China is not infringing upon India's interests Therefore, they have to change their mentality What were once obscure specks in the vast Indian Ocean... ...are now the silent targets in a looming struggle One that could choke global trade and tilt the balance of power There's increased competition between the US and China... ...between China and India as well, vying for influence within that President Donald Trump's shift in foreign policy... ...has cast uncertainty on the US's role in the region I will put America first And open doors for China At the centre of it all are tiny countries like Mauritius... ...which find themselves courted by powers that might once have overlooked them Mauritius is known for its beautiful white sand beaches, the lagoon... ...the great five-star hotels and the hospitality of Mauritians But it's more than that Mauritius controls 2.3 million kilometres... ...of economic exclusive zone in the Indian Ocean It sits in the middle of the maritime trade So it shows how strategic, important Mauritius is Its heat sweetens those sugar canes on which the island's economy depends When I was born, the country was living off sugar cane plantation We saw a kind of a surge of interest from the early 2000s from China It shifted from China to India... ...leveraging on the fact that Mauritius is also known as Little India... ...or Chota Bharat, as we say And these countries do help us, be it China, be it India So it's helping the country to prosper But just beyond these pristine shores, military bases... ...on the Agalega Islands, a territory governed by Mauritius... ...India has constructed a new airstrip to land surveillance aircraft... ...in large part to track Chinese activity Meanwhile, Diego Garcia, another island Mauritius has sovereignty over... ...has proved strategic for US and UK military power... ...with a base there since the 1970s When powers become global, one thing they want to do... ...is kind of spec the globe with military bases to project power internationally And when you think about that kind of network... ...it's something that China is starting to set its sights on But China is not alone India's Agalega base signals a shift in its global ambitions too... ...driven by economic expansion and tensions with China India and China have had ties dating back millennia They had a brief period of friendship in the 1950s... ...but the two countries fought a border war in 1962 And the relationship honestly has never quite recovered It's characterised by deep mistrust, a deep sense of insecurity on Delhi's part And in fact, in 2020, the two countries fought a series of border skirmishes... ...which resulted in loss of life on both sides If the dispute between India and China was primarily land-based in the past... ...now both countries are thinking about how that extends into the maritime domain Four of the world's six most important maritime chokepoints are in the Indian Ocean... ...making it absolutely critical to global trade When you think about countries like India and China... ...the dependency is really quite startling India relies on the ocean for something like 95% of its international trade... ...80% of its energy In fact, 40% of the world's offshore petroleum is found in the Indian Ocean... ...and nearly half of oil products transiting through these chokepoints... ...are received by India and China When Beijing looks at its energy security, its ability to procure oil for example... ...it's very heavily dependent on the Middle East to some extent, Africa... ...and nearly all of that goes through this chokepoint called the Strait of Lacka Blocking any of these routes would have a huge impact on global trade... ...creating a potential flashpoint for conflict But China has seemingly been preparing As part of its Global Belt and Road Initiative... ...it has asserted its regional influence... ...with multi-billion-dollar infrastructure investments across the Indian Ocean You can see China's influence in infrastructure, the airport, the dam... ...the headquarters of the national radio TV station In Mauritius, they've also installed surveillance cameras... ...made by Chinese telecom giant Huawei You will find that all these projects are economic projects... ...which of course are welcomed by these countries Alongside its aggressive military build-up in the South China Sea... ...China is also extending its reach into the Indian Ocean Chinese warships have been sent on anti-piracy missions... ...and billions funnelled into 46 commercial ports... ...36 of which can host naval vessels On Africa's east coast, China built its first military base in Djibouti... ...and is expanding its naval footprint in Cambodia... ...giving it the potential to project power from both sides of the Indian Ocean The rate at which China is building ships, aircraft, missiles... ...you have actually a dramatic expansion of Chinese military power It's a growing concern for Indian policymakers... ...who know the Indian Ocean is more than just a trade route The idea that an external power... ...and these days it's increasingly Beijing that they're thinking of... ...could shut that down or somehow hinder it... ...is a really big threat to India's national security... ...and its hopes of rising As China pushes in, the power that has dominated... ...the Indian Ocean for decades is in retreat We have more breaking news on this Friday night Secretary of State Marco Rubio now ordering the US... ...to immediately stop almost all foreign aid and supplies... ...pending a review The US cuts to foreign assistance are like a gift to China The US had been investing aid in democracy promotion... ...protecting civil society, health, education, transparent economic development Now that many of those programmes have gone away... ...it really is allowing China an opportunity to come in and fill the gaps While the US still controls more military installations than any other nation... ...with about 750 across at least 80 countries... ...President Trump's foreign policy has meant scaling back... ...on global defence commitments And that puts more pressure on the US base on Diego Garcia... ...to counter China's growing presence This is the only base where the US has bombers in the Indo-Pacific region... ...aside from Guam And it's an area where countries like India... ...would not want the Chinese to get access and get a hold on As a result, India is flexing its military might Alongside the airstrip in Agalega... ...it has commissioned a new base on Minicoy Island... ...and opened its first offshore military logistics hub... ...at Dukhum Port in Oman It's also working harder to win hearts and minds around the Indian Ocean We are at the main metro station in Portlis, the capital The whole project has been funded through grants from India It showcases India's investment in a small island nation like Mauritius While China continues to dominate regional investment... ...not all of its projects have delivered See this picture?
如果你打開一張追蹤船隻的地圖，放大印度洋，然後打開實時追蹤................................這些都是咽喉要道，是推動世界經濟的關鍵通道 對印度來說，這些通道不容談判，幾乎承載了印度所有的貿易和能源 因為印度洋是以印度命名的，所以它在印度的世界觀中是不可或缺的 但它對另一個巨人也很重要 中國正在向港口、基礎設施和海軍擴張投入數十億美元 這讓印度感到震驚 中國沒有違反任何國際規則 也沒有侵犯印度的利益......現在是一場迫在眉睫的鬥爭中的沉默目標，這場鬥爭可能會扼殺全球貿易，使
- In fact, 40% of the world's offshore petroleum is found in the Indian Ocean,