Name: 伊朗最高領袖是誰？哈米尼尼如何成為伊朗最高領袖？｜BBC News (How Ayatollah Ali Khamenei became supreme leader of Iran | BBC News)
Uploaded: 2026-03-01T23:03:23.000Z
Duration: 7 min 52 s

In Iran and across the world, some people have been celebrating the news of the killing of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

在伊朗和世界各地，有些人正在慶祝艾亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊被殺的消息。

Witnesses say some Iranians took to the streets in Tehran, the nearby city of Karaj and the central city of Isfahan to celebrate after reports of Khamenei's death emerged.

目擊者稱，在哈梅內伊死訊傳出後，一些伊朗人在德黑蘭、鄰近的卡拉傑市以及中部城市伊斯法罕走上街頭慶祝。

These are scenes on the streets of North London.

In Gold is Green, Iranians rallied on Saturday evening.

在Gold is Green，伊朗人在週六晚間集會。

The street was brought to a standstill and eyewitnesses described it as pandemonium and jubilation.

街道是以停擺，目擊者形容現場一片混亂與歡騰。

There are similar scenes in Los Angeles as well.

Hundreds waved pre revolutionary Iranian flags as news spread of the death of Iran's leader, who had been in power for almost four decades.

隨著伊朗領導人近四十年的死亡消息傳開，數百人揮舞著革命前伊朗國旗。

Well, since being selected as Iran's supreme leader by a council of clerics in 1989, Ayatollah Khomeini has maintained a firm grip on Iran's politics and its armed forces, often suppressing challenges to the ruling system through the use of violence.

嗯，自從1989年被一個宗教領袖委員會選為伊朗最高領袖以來，艾亞圖拉·霍梅尼一直牢牢掌控著伊朗的政治和軍隊，經常透過暴力鎮壓對統治體系的挑戰。

Our diplomatic correspondent Caroline Hawley has this assessment of his time as leader.

我們的外交記者 Caroline Hawley 將為您分析他擔任領導人期間的表現。

Ayatollah Khamenei had the final say on everything in Iran.

艾亞圖拉·哈梅內伊對伊朗的一切都有最終決定權。

The most powerful figure in the country who saw himself as God's representative on earth, he came to power in 1989 after the death of Ayatollah Khomeini, who'd founded the Islamic Republic ten years earlier.

這個國家最有權勢的人物，自認為是地上神的代表，他於1989年接替艾亞圖拉·霍梅尼的權位，而霍梅尼則在十年前創立了伊斯蘭共和國。

Becoming political and religious leader for life, Ali Khamenei is said to have been his preferred choice of successor.

阿里·哈梅內伊成為終身政治和宗教領袖，據說他是霍梅尼屬意的接班人。

And he continued its antagonism towards the West.

而且他延續了對西方的敵對態度。

He'd grown up in the holy city of Mashhad and became a cleric at a young age, but

他在聖城馬什哈德長大，年紀輕輕就成為一名宗教人士，但

And as Supreme Leader, he had to build his power base.

身為最高領袖，他必須建立自己的權力基礎。

He did so by aligning himself with Iran's hard line military force, the revolutionary guard.

他透過與伊朗強硬派軍事力量革命衛隊結盟來達成此目標。

In 1997, when a moderate cleric, Mohammad Khatami, was elected president, Ayatollah Khamenei overruled his attempts to reform the system.

1997年，當一位溫和派宗教人士穆罕默德·哈塔米當選總統時，艾亞圖拉·哈梅內伊推翻了他改革體系的嘗試。

It was he, not the president, who would decide the Nation's fate.

決定國家命運的，是他，而不是總統。

In 2009 came the first major challenge to his regime.

2009年，他的政權迎來了第一次重大挑戰。

Mass protests in response to a presidential election that many Iranians felt was stolen by the system in favor of a conservative candidate.

許多伊朗人認為總統大選被體制操縱，讓一位保守派候選人勝出，引發了大規模抗議。

The regime responded with deadly force, crushing the demonstrations, provoking international alarm.

政權以致命武力回應，鎮壓了示威活動，引起國際擔憂。

Then came an even bigger threat to the Islamic Republic.

接著，伊斯蘭共和國面臨了更大的威脅。

An uprising led by women challenging one of the pillars of the regime, the compulsory hijab.

一場由女性領導的起義，挑戰了政權的基石之一：強制佩戴頭巾。

It was sparked by the death of a young woman in custody, and

事件導火線是一名年輕女性在拘留期間死亡，

again, the response was a brutal crackdown.

Ayatollah Khamenei blamed the unrest, as he always did on outsiders, Iran's old enemies, the U.S.

艾亞圖拉·哈梅內伊一如既往地將動亂歸咎於外部勢力，伊朗的老敵人美國，

But he was becoming increasingly unpopular.

Economic protests, which broke out in December 2025, quickly spiralled into nationwide fury at decades of repression by the regime headed by him.

經濟抗議活動於 2025 年 12 月爆發，迅速演變成全國上下對他領導的政權數十年鎮壓的憤怒。

They chanted death to the dictator, referring to Ayatollah Khamenei.

他們高喊「打倒獨裁者」，指的是艾亞圖拉·哈梅內伊。

With thousands killed in the uprising, hatred of him only grew.

起義造成數千人死亡，對他的仇恨與日俱增。

One hugely unpopular policy of his rule was Iran's sponsorship of a network of proxy forces, chief of them Hezbollah, in Lebanon, meant to act as a deterrent to any Israeli attack.

他統治時期一項極不受歡迎的政策是伊朗資助黎巴嫩真主黨為首的代理人武力網絡，旨在嚇阻以色列的任何攻擊。

But what Iran called the axis of resistance was dramatically weakened in the wake of the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel, leaving Iran critically exposed.

但伊朗所謂的「抵抗軸心」在 2023 年哈瑪斯攻擊以色列後，實力大為削弱，讓伊朗的處境變得非常危險。

For the outside world, Iran's nuclear program was a constant concern that prompted crisis after crisis.

對於外部世界來說，伊朗的核計畫一直是個持續的擔憂，引發了一次又一次的危機。

In 2015, Ayatollah Khamenei had authorized a deal that would curb the regime's nuclear activities in return for the lifting of sanctions.

2015 年，艾亞圖拉·哈梅內伊授權了一項協議，該協議將限制該政權的核活動，以換取解除制裁。

In the years since the deal was signed, Iran's aggression only increased.

協議簽署後的幾年裡，伊朗的侵略行為反而變本加厲。

But Donald Trump then pulled out of the agreement in 2018 during his first presidency.

但唐納·川普隨後在 2018 年他首次擔任總統期間退出了該協議。

And the following year, Iran began ramping up its production of enriched uranium to a level close to weapons grade.

接著在隔年，伊朗開始提高其濃縮鈾的生產水準，接近武器級別。

It always claimed it wanted the program for civilian purposes, not a bomb.

它一直聲稱核計畫是用於民用目的，而不是製造炸彈。

But Israel and the US didn't believe it and bombed key nuclear sites last June.

但以色列和美國不相信，並在去年六月轟炸了關鍵核設施。

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was an ideologue who refused to yield to the pressure bearing down on him from outside the country and within.

艾亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊是一位意識形態家，拒絕屈服於來自國內外的壓力。

To the end, he remained a hard line defender of the Islamic Republic at great cost to so many Iranians increasingly desperate to be free from his rule.

直到最後，他仍然是伊斯蘭共和國的強硬捍衛者，這讓越來越多渴望擺脫他統治的伊朗人付出了巨大代價。

BBC 新聞記者 Caroline Hawley 報導。

Well, let's get a little bit more insight now.

好的，讓我們來深入瞭解一下。

Joining me is Hesham Shawish from BBC Monitoring, who has been looking at how Iran's allies have been reacting.

加入我們的是 BBC Monitoring 的 Hesham Shawish，他一直在關注伊朗盟友的反應。

Hicham, thank you very much for joining us.

What's the regional reaction from Iran aligned groups such as Hezbollah and Hamas?

來自真主黨和哈馬斯等與伊朗結盟的團體的區域反應如何？

So the potential intervention of pro Iran groups around the region is something that people observers will be really assessing right now.

所以，區域內親伊朗團體可能介入的潛在行動，是大家現在都在密切評估的。

It was one of Iran's points of leverage in the current confrontation and a point of leverage in the negotiations between the US And Iran in Oman and Geneva.

這是伊朗在目前對峙中的一個籌碼，也是在阿曼和日內瓦美國與伊朗談判中的一個籌碼。

In terms of Hezbollah, we have to remember that the group did not intervene in last summer's confrontation between Israel, the US and Iran, the 12 day conflict.

就真主黨而言，我們必須記得，去年夏天以色列、美國和伊朗之間為期 12 天的衝突中，該組織並沒有介入。

Its military capabilities have been seriously diminished following the war between Hezbollah and Israel between October 2023 and November 2024 and it's pressure both regionally and domestically to rein in its military direction.

在 2023 年 10 月至 2024 年 11 月真主黨與以色列的戰爭後，其軍事能力已嚴重受損，並且面臨區域和國內要求約束其軍事方向的壓力。

And despite all of the rhetoric and the bravado from its leader, Sheikh Naim Qasim, recently he's delivered frequent speeches.

儘管其領導人謝赫·奈姆·卡西姆近期發表了許多言論和虛張聲勢的演講。

The main focus of the group has been its political standing.

該組織的主要重點是其政治地位。

The group has been focusing on its social welfare programs, on reconstruction and also on shoring up its electoral base ahead of parliamentary elections in Lebanon in May.

該組織一直在關注其社會福利計畫、重建工作，以及在黎巴嫩五月的議會選舉前鞏固其選民基礎。

So it's really quite a big focus to the group.

所以這對該組織來說確實是一個很大的重點。

And we have heard in BBC monitoring of Hezbollah infighting due to, you know, demands that the leader of Hezbollah take a stronger military stance against against Israel's attacks in Lebanon over the past year or so.

我們在 BBC Monitoring 中聽說，由於要求真主黨領導人對以色列過去一年多在黎巴嫩的攻擊採取更強硬的軍事立場，真主黨內部出現了爭鬥。

It seems that despite the group issuing a warning last week it said that it wouldn't intervene if Iran was was attacked.

看起來，儘管該組織上週發布了警告，聲稱如果伊朗遭到攻擊，他們不會介入。

But a red line would be if Khamenei was targeted or if the US Was seeking to was seeking the downfall of the whole Iranian leadership and Hezbollah.

但紅線將是如果哈梅內伊遭到鎖定，或者美國尋求推翻整個伊朗領導層和真主黨。

Unnamed Hezbollah source told AFP last week that in the event of the Iranian leadership being taken down, then Israel would inevitably expand its scope to target the group or expand its attacks against the group in Lebanon, which would trigger a response.

一位不願透露姓名的真主黨消息人士上週告訴法新社，如果伊朗領導層被推翻，以色列將不可避免地擴大範圍攻擊該組織，或擴大其在黎巴嫩對該組織的攻擊，這將引發反擊。

And Hashem, what does the war coverage look like across Arab media right now?

還有 Hashem，阿拉伯媒體現在的戰爭報導情況如何？

They've really been focusing on the statements of condemnation from Iranian officials and also what Tehran's response could be.

他們確實一直在關注伊朗官員的譴責聲明，以及德黑蘭可能的回應。

They're really focusing also on the transition of power.

Many outlets have highlighted the threats being traded between Washington and Tehran as well as the possible Iranian response and also demonstrations taking place in Iran throughout the day.

許多媒體強調了華盛頓和德黑蘭之間的威脅，以及伊朗可能的反擊，還有當天在伊朗各地舉行的示威活動。

Thank you very much indeed for that update.

非常感謝你提供這個最新消息。