But when it comes to humans, do morning people really have an advantage over night owls?

但是當這句話用在人類身上，早起的人是否真的比晚睡的人有優勢呢？

Does one come out on top as more intelligent or successful than the other in this battle over bed time?

早起的人是否比晚睡的人更聰明或成功，在這場睡眠時間的競賽中勝利呢？

The somewhat surprising truth is that we have little say in sleep preference, as it's almost entirely genetically predetermined.

有點令人驚訝的事實是，睡眠習慣不是我們能夠控制的，因為睡眠習慣幾乎完全是由基因所決定的。

Chances are, if you're a night owl, it was likely passed down from an ancestor who was also a night owl.

如果你是個夜貓子，這可能是遺傳自一個夜貓子祖先。

And from an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense.

在演化的角度來看，這是合乎邏輯的。

Having individuals with varying sleeping patterns would allow for better protection of a group throughout the day and night.

不同睡眠模式的個體能為群體提供日夜的保護。

Instead of everybody sleeping at one time, some people naturally stay up later, and some wake up earlier, aware of threats or predators while others sleep.

所有人不會同時睡覺，有些人自然地晚睡，有些較早起，在其他人睡覺時留意危險或猛獸。

But considering most modern societal activities happen between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., it may seem clear that night owls are put at a disadvantage.

但是考慮到大部份現代社會的活動都是在早上九時至下午五時進行，這樣看來夜貓子似乎處於不利的位置。

And researchers have actually coined the term "social jet lag" to describe the sleep deprivation many experience to accommodate social norms.

研究員創造出「社交時差」一詞，來形容因為要適應社會規律而導致的睡眠不足。

For night owls, this social jet lag feels like living in a different time zone every single day.

對晚睡的人而言，社交時差就像每天生活在一個不同的時區。

Considering chronic sleep deprivation has a direct effect on brain functioning, it's no surprise that studies report night owl university students have lower overall grades.

鑒於長期睡眠不足對腦部運作有直接影響，不意外地，有研究指出晚睡的大學生整體成績較低。

Not to mention early birds tend to display more positive social traits such as being proactive and optimistic, and are less prone to depression, or addictions to nicotine, alcohol and food.

更不用說早起的人往往顯出更正面的社交特徵，例如是積極主動和樂觀，而且較不易抑鬱或對尼古丁、酒精和食物上癮。

And we can see these traits represented physically in the brain, particularly the white matter which helps neurons communicate.

我們能看到這些特徵實際地代表在腦部中，尤其是幫助神經元溝通的腦白質。

Night owls exhibit significantly less white matter, and as a result, there are fewer pathways for feel good hormones such as serotonin or dopamine to travel through.

晚睡的人顯著地有較少腦白質，因此有較少途徑讓「感覺良好」荷爾蒙例如血清素或多巴胺通過。

But it's not all bad for the late nighters.

但是這並不是完全對晚睡的人不好。

In fact, they tend to be much more creative, have been found to have higher cognitive abilities, and are known to be risk takers.

事實上，他們往往較有創意，被發現有較高的認知能力，和被認為是敢於冒險的人。

What they lack in white matter, they make up in cortisol levels.

他們缺乏的白質，以皮質醇水平彌補。

This stress hormone gets your body ready to face an immediate threat, contributing to their risk taking behavior, which studies show can translate into opportunities and potentially much more financial gain.

這「壓力荷爾蒙」讓你的身體準備好去面對即時的威脅，有助於他們的冒險行為，而研究指出這可轉化為機遇和潛在更多財政收益。

Furthermore, even though morning people can be very energetic right after waking, they tend to lose steam faster than night owls throughout the day.

此外，縱使早起的人能在起床後立刻很有活力，他們在整天中往往比夜貓子更快失去精力。

Both sides perform equally well in reaction-time tests an hour after waking, but after 10 hours of being awake, night owls perform significantly better.

兩方睡醒一小時後在反應時間測試中有同樣的表現，但在睡醒十小時後，夜貓子顯著地表現得更好。

Your inner clock is regulated by many proteins which are created from various genes in your DNA.

你的生理時鐘是由脫氧核醣核酸（DNA）中各種基因制造的許多蛋白質調節的。

Studies have even shown that a single change of the genetic code, near a gene called Period 1, can result in an hour difference in your waking time.

有研究顯示，在一個叫「週期一」的基因附近，遺傳密碼中的一個單一改變能對醒來的時間造成一小時的差別。

As crazy as it seems, scientists also found a correlation between these same genes and your time of death.

看來更瘋狂的是，科學家還發現了這些基因與你的死亡時間之間的關係。

The early risers were more likely to die around 11 a.m., while the night owls were more likely to die before 6 p.m..

早起的人較有可能在早上十一時死亡，而晚睡的人較有可能在下午六時前死亡。

What about teenagers, you say?

也許你會問，那麼青少年呢？

It's true, most tend to be night owls due to the hormonal changes during puberty, but this tends to wane out into your genetic default as you enter adulthood.

的確，由於青春期的荷爾蒙變化，大多數都是夜貓子，但隨著你進入成年，這些改變會減弱，並恢復基因的預設。

So while there may be some truth to early birds getting the worm, night owls aren't exactly lagging behind in life.

所以，儘管早起的鳥兒吃到蟲是有些道理的，但夜貓子並不是完全在生活中落後。

They're just lagging behind in time!

他們只不過是落後於時間！

Don't forget to check out our latest AsapTHOUGHT video where you can participate in a scientific pop music experiment with us!

不要忘記去看我們最新的 AsapTHOUGHT 影片，你能在那裏和我們一起參與一個科學流行音樂實驗！

We're finding out what makes songs so catchy in the first place, and if there is an exact science behind it all.

我們正在探究是什麼讓歌曲在一開始就如此琅琅上口，以及背後是否有確切的科學依據。

Click on the screen or the link in the description.

點擊螢幕或説明中的連結。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos!

訂閱以收看更多每週科學影片！