Name: 拉丁美洲如何應對川普的關稅？| DW 新聞 (How Latin America is coping with Trump's tariffs | DW News)
Uploaded: 2025-11-21T16:55:14.000Z
Duration: 5 min 58 s

How do you see our relationship with Latin America and Brazil?

你怎麼看待我們和拉丁美洲及巴西的關係？

They need us much more than we need them.

Shortly afterwards, the US President announced what he called reciprocal tariffs for the entire world.

沒多久，美國總統就宣佈了對全世界實施他所謂的互惠關稅。

Most Latin American countries received a 10% tariff.

大多數拉丁美洲國家被課徵了 10% 的關稅。

But what is the state of trade between the United States and Latin America and the Caribbean?

不過，美國和拉丁美洲及加勒比海之間的貿易狀況如何呢？

The exchange of goods, including services, between the two markets exceeded $1 trillion in 20, according to the UN.

根據聯合國的數據，兩大市場之間的商品（包括服務）交換額在 20xx 年超過了 1 兆美元。

This enormous figure is due primarily to Mexico.

這個龐大的數字主要歸功於墨西哥。

In 2024, US trade with its southern neighbor totalled $840 billion.

2024年，美國與其南方鄰國的貿易總額達到了8400億美元。

Brazil followed with $92 billion in bilateral trade, then Colombia with approximately $36 billion, and

巴西緊隨其後，雙邊貿易額為920億美元，接著是哥倫比亞，約360億美元，

The US imports vehicles and auto parts, capital goods, industrial supplies and materials, food, animal, feed and beverages, and

美國從該地區進口車輛及汽車零件、資本財、工業用品及材料、食品、動物飼料及飲料，以及

As for exports, it sends industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, motor vehicles, parts and engines, food, animal feed and beverages, and

至於出口方面，美國則出口工業用品及材料、資本財、機動車輛、零件及引擎、食品、動物飼料及飲料，以及

But the US maintains a growing trade deficit with Mexico, which exceeded $170 billion in 2024.

不過，美國對墨西哥的貿易逆差持續擴大，2024年已超過1700億美元。

With several other Latin American countries, balance is actually quite favorable.

與其他幾個拉丁美洲國家相比，貿易順差實際上相當可觀。

Experts believe the tariffs imposed by Donald Trump have been used more as a bargaining chip on migration and fentanyl trafficking.

專家認為，川普總統實施的關稅更多是作為移民和芬太尼販運的談判籌碼。

The question is whether the United States can be self sufficient in these goods.

問題是美國能否在這些商品上實現自給自足。

Could it adapt to having refineries, produce and use the oil produced in the us?

它能否適應擁有煉油廠，生產並使用美國生產的石油？

That's very expensive and takes a long time to process.

這非常昂貴，而且處理起來需要很長時間。

So for the moment it would imply an increase in prices.

所以目前這將意味著價格上漲。

And the same goes for agriculture, and the same is true for manufactured goods.

農業也是如此，製成品也是如此。

Muller Technoplastics of Mexico makes injection moulded plastic parts for vehicles and has many customers in the United States.

墨西哥的 Muller Technoplastics 公司生產用於汽車的注塑成型塑料零件，在美國有許多客戶。

Clients are trying to relocate projects within the United States to avoid potential disputes and risks related to possible decisions by the American market or the American government.

客戶正試圖將項目重新安置到美國境內，以避免美國市場或美國政府可能決定的潛在爭議和風險。

He explains that clients who decide to relocate will no longer benefit from the low labor costs and the lower costs in general in Mexico.

他解釋說，決定搬遷的客戶將不再受益於墨西哥較低的勞動力成本和總體成本。

As we know, labour in the US is much, much more expensive than what we have here in Mexico.

眾所周知，美國的勞動力成本遠遠高於我們在墨西哥這裡的成本。

The flexibility we have here is very high, including when there are peak customer demands, so we can even manufacture on weekends if necessary.

我們這裡的彈性很高，包括在客戶需求高峰期，必要時我們甚至可以在週末生產。

Other countries can also be affected by having specific industries dependent on the US market, such as the Guatemalan textile industry, which in 2023 exported $2.2 billion worth of textiles, 70% of which went to the US.

其他國家也可能受到特定產業依賴美國市場的影響，例如瓜地馬拉的紡織業，該產業在 2023 年出口了價值 22 億美元的紡織品，其中 70% 銷往美國。

For the moment, there's a bit of uncertainty, a bit of concern.

目前，有一點點不確定性，一點點擔憂。

We know of other industries like ours that, for example, are currently in a period of rest because they aren't able to absorb the tariff that was imposed on them.

我們知道像我們一樣的其他產業，例如，目前正處於休息期，因為它們無法承受對它們徵收的關稅。

我們必須找到一種更快反應的方法。

One thing that many affected companies have in common is that they hope their country's governments will negotiate new deals with the US that will reverse the tariff burden as soon as possible.

許多受影響公司的一個共同點是，它們希望其國家政府能與美國談判新的協議，盡快取消關稅負擔。

But why is there so much talk of uncertainty in Latin America, rather than the economic blow that Trump's tariffs represent?

但為什麼拉丁美洲會有這麼多關於不確定性的討論，而不是川普關稅所代表的經濟打擊呢？

Firstly, because the real effects can take months to materialize, since large companies plan their contracts and supply chains well in advance.

首先，因為實際影響可能需要幾個月才能顯現，因為大公司會提前規劃它們的合約和供應鏈。

Furthermore, a significant portion of the region's imports are subject to these tariffs.

此外，該地區相當一部分的進口商品都受到這些關稅的影響。

So far, oil and certain minerals have been exempt, meaning the average effective tariff per country can be lower and in some cases much lower than the nominal 10%.

到目前為止，石油和某些礦產已被豁免，這意味著各國的平均有效關稅可能低於名目上的 10%，在某些情況下甚至遠低於此。

It's clear that the number one strategy is to maintain good trade relations with the US In a scenario where potential tariffs are minimized.

很明顯，首要策略是與美國保持良好的貿易關係，以盡量減少潛在的關稅。

On the other hand, industrial powers like China could expand their influence in the region due to US protectionist measures.

另一方面，像中國這樣的工業強國，由於美國的保護主義措施，可能會擴大它們在該地區的影響力。

In 2024, bilateral trade with the Asian giant exceeded 500 billion.

2024 年，與亞洲巨頭的雙邊貿易額超過了 5000 億美元。

Latin America will most likely remain an important trading partner and an important investment partner, especially in infrastructure projects with China in the coming years.

在未來幾年，拉丁美洲很可能仍然是中國重要的貿易夥伴和重要的投資夥伴，尤其是在基礎設施項目方面。

Despite Trump's rhetoric about needing little from the Latin American market, productive interdependence with Mexico makes it a fundamental pillar for the United States.

儘管川普聲稱不需要拉丁美洲市場太多東西，但與墨西哥的生產性相互依存關係使其成為美國的基石。

Even without Mexico, trade ties with the rest of the region are significant enough that an escalation of tariffs would strain both markets, making negotiations with Washington and diversifying export destinations crucial in the coming months and years.

即使沒有墨西哥，與該地區其他國家的貿易聯繫也足夠重要，以至於關稅升級將會給雙方市場帶來壓力，使得與華盛頓談判和實現出口目的地多元化在未來幾個月和幾年內變得至關重要。