Name: 服用睪酮後會發生什麼？ (What Happens When You Take Testosterone?)
Uploaded: 2025-07-19T20:31:15.000Z
Duration: 12 min 13 s

Millions of men have recently started taking testosterone as a pill, nasal spray, or injection with a new industry booming.

最近，數百萬男性開始服用睪酮藥丸、鼻噴劑或注射劑，一個新的行業正在蓬勃發展。

In 2021, a survey found testosterone supplementation is most common amongst younger men now more than ever before.

2021 年，一項調查發現，補充睪酮在年輕男性中最為常見，比以往任何時候都多。

So why are so many men huffing testosterone?

那麼，為什麼這麼多男人都在吸食睪酮呢？

它對你的大腦和身體有什麼影響？

And is it linked to a decrease in testosterone and fertility seen in men around the world?

這是否與世界各地男性睪丸激素和生育能力下降有關？

So to start, we must understand testosterone.

是以，首先我們必須瞭解睪酮。

Hormones are chemical messengers in your body that flow through your bloodstream and bind to receptors on or in cells to stimulate action and maintain your life.

荷爾蒙是體內的化學信使，它流經血液，與細胞上或細胞內的受體結合，刺激細胞活動，維持生命。

Hormones are produced in endocrine glands in your body such as the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, but your gonads also produce hormones such as estrogen from the ovaries or testosterone from the testes.

荷爾蒙由體內的內分泌腺產生，如腦垂體、松果體、甲狀腺，但性腺也會產生荷爾蒙，如卵巢分泌的雌激素或睪丸分泌的睪酮。

Although testes do produce estrogen more on that later.

雖然睪丸確實會產生雌激素，但這一點稍後再談。

So unlike protein hormones, which are made of amino acids and bind to the outside of cells, steroid hormones like testosterone can pass through lipid bilayers and enter cells to have their effect.

是以，與由氨基酸組成並與細胞外部結合的蛋白質激素不同，睪酮等類固醇激素可以穿過脂質雙分子層，進入細胞內發揮作用。

After conception, before six weeks in the womb, no one had visible testes.

受孕後，在子宮內六週之前，沒有人有明顯的睪丸。

In fact, whether you are a woman or a man or anything in between, before six weeks when you were in the womb, everyone was starting to grow a vagina.

事實上，不管你是女人還是男人，或者是介於兩者之間的任何一個人，在你還在子宮裡的六週之前，每個人都已經開始長出陰道了。

When conceived, you receive an X chromosome from your mom, but depending on which of your dad's sperm fused with the egg, you either get another X chromosome or a Y chromosome.

受孕時，你會從母親那裡獲得一條 X 染色體，但根據父親的哪條精子與卵子融合，你會獲得另一條 X 染色體或一條 Y 染色體。

Before six weeks, all development is controlled by the X chromosome.

六週前，所有發育都由 X 染色體控制。

But at six weeks, if you got a Y chromosome, the SRY gene encodes an SRY protein, which changes the gonads.

但在六週時，如果你有一條 Y 染色體，SRY 基因就會編碼一種 SRY 蛋白，從而改變性腺。

The SRY protein causes the pre-ovaries to drop into testes, the labias to fuse into the scrotum, creating that line of tissue on the ball sack and the clitoris grows into a penis.

SRY 蛋白質會使前卵巢退化成睪丸，陰脣融合成陰囊，在球囊上形成一條組織線，陰蒂長成陰莖。

So yes, at first we all kind of had vaginas.

所以是的，一開始我們都有陰道。

Then if the SRY gene kicked in, you started to grow testes and started to produce testosterone.

然後，如果 SRY 基因起作用，你就開始長出睪丸，並開始產生睪酮。

But there are exclusions to this process because human sex is complicated.

但這一過程也有例外，因為人類的性別是複雜的。

You can have XY chromosomes and can appear female with a vagina, but have testes internally due to conditions along chemical pathways that happen after six weeks in the fetus.

胎兒可能有 XY 染色體，陰道也可能是女性的，但由於胎兒六週後發生的化學變化，體內可能有睪丸。

It proves that the binary of being XX a woman and XY a man is not real.

這證明，XX 是女人、XY 是男人的二元論並不真實。

For the most part, if you are XY, the production of testosterone will begin to change your life as your pituitary gland will release a hormone called GnRH, which will stimulate the production of testosterone in the testes.

在大多數情況下，如果你是 XY 性別，睪酮的產生將開始改變你的生活，因為你的腦垂體會釋放一種叫做 GnRH 的激素，這種激素會刺激睪丸產生睪酮。

The GnRH hormone is decreased during childhood, but when a person with testes starts to go through puberty around the ages of nine to 14, the GnRH hormone starts to pulsate again and things start to change.

兒童時期的 GnRH 激素會減少，但當睪丸患者在 9 到 14 歲左右開始進入青春期時，GnRH 激素又開始搏動，情況就開始發生變化。

The first signs of puberty being the testes increasing in size and releasing more testosterone.

青春期的最初跡象是睪丸增大並釋放出更多的睪酮。

The increase in testosterone is what causes the masculinization of boys.

睪酮的增加是導致男孩男性化的原因。

Their voice lowers, they grow body hair, start producing sperm.

他們的聲音變低，長出體毛，開始製造精子。

After puberty, the testes' continued production of testosterone is important to help maintain bone density, fat distribution, muscle strength, facial hair growth, sex drive, and of course, continued sperm production.

青春期過後，睪丸持續分泌的睪酮對於維持骨密度、脂肪分佈、肌肉力量、面部毛髮生長、性慾以及精子的持續生成都非常重要。

A feedback loop in the body regulates the amount of testosterone that flows through your blood.

體內有一個反饋迴路來調節流經血液的睪酮量。

If testosterone gets too high, a signal is sent to the pituitary gland to decrease hormones, which decrease testosterone in your body.

如果睪酮過高，腦垂體就會收到減少激素的信號，從而減少體內的睪酮。

For this reason, testosterone levels can vary quite a bit throughout your life, but also vary quite a bit throughout the day.

是以，睪酮水準在人的一生中會有很大的變化，在一天中也會有很大的變化。

This is one reason why it can be so hard to define normal testosterone levels.

這就是很難界定正常睪酮水準的原因之一。

So why is it that so many men are now playing with their endocrine systems and adding testosterone to their bodies?

那麼，為什麼現在有這麼多男性在玩弄自己的內分泌系統，在體內添加睪丸激素呢？

First, the most common reason for testosterone supplementation in older men is hypogonadism.

首先，老年男性補充睪酮最常見的原因是性腺功能低下。

Known as a TDS, testosterone deficiency syndrome, it's a common condition in aging men, but not many people talk about it.

它被稱為 TDS，即睪酮缺乏綜合症，是老年男性的常見病，但談論它的人並不多。

When a woman goes through menopause, there is a stark decrease in the hormone estrogen from their ovaries, causing typical symptoms such as hot flashes, mood changes, and everyone loves to talk about that.

當女性進入更年期時，卵巢中的雌激素會明顯減少，從而引起典型的症狀，如潮熱、情緒變化等，每個人都喜歡談論這些。

男性也會經歷某種形式的更年期。

As they age, there is a decrease in testosterone from the testes and an increase in the sex hormone globulin, which decreases bioavailable testosterone.

隨著年齡的增長，睪丸分泌的睪酮會減少，而性激素球蛋白會增加，從而降低生物可利用的睪酮。

And for this reason, in many ways it goes unnoticed.

正因為如此，在很多方面，它都不為人所注意。

It is completely normal and most likely one will never lose enough testosterone for it to affect them.

這是完全正常的，而且很可能一個人永遠也不會失去足夠的睪酮來影響他。

But two to 5% of people with testes over the age of 40 have testosterone levels that are too low, leading to a TDS known as hypogonadism.

但是，在 40 歲以上的睪丸患者中，有 2%到 5%的人睪酮水準過低，導致性腺發育不全，即性腺功能減退症。

Symptoms include extreme fatigue, decreased sexual desire, reduced body and facial hair, increased breast size, poor concentration, brittle bones, erectile dysfunction, and mood swings.

症狀包括極度疲勞、性慾減退、體毛和麵部毛髮減少、乳房增大、注意力不集中、骨骼變脆、勃起功能障礙和情緒波動。

You can't just say you have hypogonadism because you feel those symptoms.

不能因為你感覺到了這些症狀，就說你得了性腺功能減退症。

You have to have your blood tested by a doctor for testosterone levels to define yourself as having hypogonadism.

您必須由醫生對您的血液進行睪酮水準檢測，以確定您是否患有性腺功能減退症。

The concept of testosterone replacement therapy was developed over 75 years ago to treat this condition.

睪酮替代療法的概念是 75 年前為治療這種疾病而提出的。

And the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging reported the incidence of hypogonadism as 20% in men over 60, 30% in men over 70, and 50% in men over 80 years of age.

巴爾的摩老齡化縱向研究報告稱，60 歲以上男性性腺功能減退症的發病率為 20%，70 歲以上男性為 30%，80 歲以上男性為 50%。

Again, as we said, testosterone levels can vary so much throughout the day.

同樣，正如我們所說，睪酮水準在一天中會有很大變化。

So you could get a low testosterone reading, but not have the symptoms and not have hypogonadism.

是以，您可能會得到一個低睪酮讀數，但沒有症狀，也沒有性腺功能減退症。

A doctor needs to consistently look at your blood in order to understand if you have this condition.

醫生需要持續查看您的血液，以瞭解您是否患有這種疾病。

But hypogonadism is not explaining why so many young men are currently taking testosterone.

但性腺功能減退症並不能解釋為什麼目前有這麼多年輕男性服用睪酮。

One study of men entering a health clinic found that 43% of male respondents were interested in testosterone replacement therapy, but only half of them were even aware of what hypogonadism was.

一項對進入醫療診所的男性進行的研究發現，43% 的男性受訪者對睪酮替代療法感興趣，但其中只有一半人知道什麼是性腺功能減退症。

他們並不是為這種情況而來的。

Testosterone supplements and therapy have increased fourfold in the last 20 years for men between the ages of 18 to 45.

在過去 20 年中，18 至 45 歲男性服用的睪酮補充劑和接受的治療增加了四倍。

Again, nothing to do with hypogonadism, and it is an increasingly popular and highly marketable industry.

同樣，這也與性腺功能減退症無關，但它卻是一個日益流行、極具市場潛力的行業。

So why are so many young men playing with their endocrine system?

那麼，為什麼這麼多年輕人在玩弄自己的內分泌系統呢？

A good place to start is in 2003 when Harvard Medical Study found that even among men who had normal testosterone levels, taking testosterone supplements led to a loss of fat, an increase in muscle mass, better overall moods, and less anxiety.

2003 年，哈佛大學醫學研究發現，即使是睪酮水準正常的男性，服用睪酮補充劑也能減少脂肪、增加肌肉量、改善整體情緒和減少焦慮，這就是一個很好的開始。

In magazines, health subreddits, and YouTube videos, it is marketed as a remedy to aging and the weakening male body.

在雜誌、健康子論壇和 YouTube 視頻中，它被當作治療衰老和男性身體虛弱的良藥來推銷。

There are studies that show testosterone can increase bone density and be a valid treatment for age-related decrease in muscle mass by increasing type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers.

有研究表明，睪酮可以增加骨密度，並通過增加 1 型和 2 型肌肉纖維，有效治療與年齡有關的肌肉品質下降。

A study on aging men with hypogonadism found that testosterone supplementation helped them bench press more and leg press more.

一項針對性腺機能減退的老年男性的研究發現，補充睪酮能幫助他們進行更多的臥推和腿部推舉。

Anecdotal evidence says that men who take testosterone feel younger and more sexual.

軼事證據表明，服用睪酮的男性感覺更年輕，性能力更強。

The most commonly reported perceived benefits of testosterone supplementations was improved sexual function, increased energy, and quote-unquote feeling better.

最常報告的補充睪酮的好處是改善性功能、增加能量和感覺更好。

In rat models, castrated mice would have reduced erectile function.

在大鼠模型中，被閹割的小鼠會降低勃起功能。

When testosterone therapy was started in a castrated mouse, erectile function improved.

當閹割小鼠開始接受睪酮治療時，勃起功能得到了改善。

Studying men with hypogonadism, it was found that testosterone therapy helped with sexual ability, morning erections, and sexual desire.

在對性腺功能低下的男性進行研究後發現，睪酮療法有助於提高性能力、晨勃和性慾。

Another survey found young men use testosterone therapy for reasons such as fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and depression.

另一項調查發現，年輕男性使用睪酮療法的原因包括疲勞、勃起功能障礙和抑鬱。

The issue is that now people are seeking out testosterone replacement therapy devoid of any connection to their doctor.

問題是，現在人們在尋求睪酮替代療法時，與醫生沒有任何聯繫。

There is a growing industry now of people willing to sell you this chemical without any testing.

現在有越來越多的人願意不經任何檢測就向你出售這種化學物質。

Therefore, many men are taking it without understanding if they are actually suffering from low levels of testosterone.

是以，許多男性在服用這種藥物時並不瞭解自己是否真的患有睪丸激素水平低的問題。

It makes sense that you might want to attribute your fatigue, depression, lack of sexual desire to low testosterone without actually really knowing, than reaching for a supplement whose side effects might be you getting jacked.

在沒有真正瞭解的情況下，你可能會把疲勞、抑鬱、性慾缺乏歸咎於睪丸激素低，而不是去購買一種副作用可能會讓你勃起的保健品，這是有道理的。

The thing is there are serious risks that can come with taking testosterone supplementation without consulting your doctor, especially if you are young.

問題是，在沒有諮詢醫生的情況下服用睪酮補充劑可能會帶來嚴重的風險，尤其是如果你還年輕的話。

To start, there is some very confusing and conflicting research that will change based on which studies you are reading.

首先，有一些非常混亂和相互矛盾的研究，這些研究會根據你閱讀的研究而改變。

One study clearly stated that testosterone therapy can increase your risk of heart disease, but this was a very small study and a recent meta-analysis, which is a study of many studies, found that it had no effect on cardiovascular disease if you had no core morbidities going into the supplementation.

有一項研究明確指出，睪酮療法會增加罹患心臟病的風險，但這只是一項非常小的研究，最近的一項薈萃分析（即對多項研究的研究）發現，如果在補充睪酮時沒有任何核心疾病，那麼睪酮療法對心血管疾病沒有影響。

Testosterone companies and people who are proponents of testosterone supplementation will be pointing at this meta-analysis a lot.

睪酮公司和睪酮補充劑的支持者會經常提到這項薈萃分析。

One thing we know for sure is that testosterone supplementation increases hematocrit, aka the amount of red blood cells in your blood.

我們可以肯定的是，補充睪酮能提高血細胞比容，也就是血液中紅細胞的含量。

This is why it is important to have blood tests and your doctor monitoring your blood while taking testosterone, as your blood will be getting thicker.

是以，在服用睪酮期間，必須進行血液化驗，並由醫生對您的血液進行監測，因為您的血液會變得越來越粘稠。

As well, if blood cell amounts get too high in your blood, it can lead to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolisms.

此外，如果血液中的血細胞含量過高，還可能導致心血管疾病、中風和肺栓塞。

Testosterone can stimulate the prostate gland and prostate cancer to grow, leading many medical professionals to worry about testosterone therapy leading to prostate cancer, but many other longitudinal studies investigating the relationship of testosterone levels and subsequent risk of prostate cancer failed to find any association.

睪酮可刺激前列腺和前列腺癌的生長，這讓許多醫學專家擔心睪酮療法會導致前列腺癌，但其他許多調查睪酮水準與後續前列腺癌風險關係的縱向研究都沒有發現任何關聯。

Although one study found that it could make already existing prostate cancer worse, but not technically create the prostate cancer.

雖然有一項研究發現，它可能會使已經存在的前列腺癌惡化，但從技術上講，並不會產生前列腺癌。

Now onto the risks that we do know are real from taking testosterone supplementation.

現在，我們來談談服用睪酮補充劑確實存在的風險。

The biggest issue with young people taking testosterone supplements is decreased sperm count and decreased fertility.

年輕人服用睪酮補充劑的最大問題是精子數量減少和生育能力下降。

GNRH is the hormone needed for spermatogenesis to occur.

When you take increased testosterone, it blunts the release of GNRH, decreasing spermatogenesis, and can even decrease the size of the testes.

睪酮增加會抑制 GNRH 的釋放，減少精子生成，甚至會縮小睪丸。

This is why testosterone therapy can be okay for older men with hypogonadism because they've usually stopped trying to make a family.

這就是為什麼性腺功能減退的老年男性可以接受睪酮治療的原因，因為他們通常已經不再試圖組建家庭。

But if young men are taking this supplement without talking to their doctor to get bigger muscles, to feel better, more sexual, et cetera, they may not realize that they're decreasing their ability to start a family as well as shrinking their balls.

但是，如果年輕男性為了增大肌肉、感覺更好、性慾更強等等，而不與醫生商量就服用這種保健品，他們可能不會意識到，他們正在降低自己組建家庭的能力，同時也在縮小自己的蛋蛋。

In the last 40 years, sperm counts have decreased by 50%, leading to a huge fertility issue with one third of all infertility issues being linked to sperm.

在過去的 40 年裡，精子數量減少了 50%，導致了巨大的生育問題，三分之一的不孕不育問題都與精子有關。

It's important that young men understand taking testosterone could increase their chance of being infertile.

年輕男性必須明白，服用睪酮可能會增加他們不育的機率。

As well, we have a video you can click above about how the chemicals in plastics and air fresheners and fast food packaging are actually decreasing sperm counts, decreasing taint size, and in some ways, decreasing human penis size, as well shrinking balls and leading to decreased fertility.

此外，您還可以點擊上面的視頻，瞭解塑膠、空氣清新劑和快餐包裝中的化學物質是如何減少精子數量、減小睪丸大小的，以及在某些方面減小人類陰莖大小、縮小睪丸並導致生育能力下降的。

Other issues with testosterone supplementation could be increased risk of breast cancer.

補充睪酮的其他問題可能是增加患乳腺癌的風險。

There are no direct links right now as it is understudied, but the high levels of testosterone may lead to a biochemical pathway that stimulates increased breast tissue receptors, which could lead to increased breast cancer.

由於研究不足，目前還沒有直接的聯繫，但高水平的睪酮可能會導致一種生化途徑，刺激乳腺組織受體增加，從而導致乳腺癌的增加。

One study of 45 men on testosterone therapy found breast cancer incidence of 11%, but it's not significant enough at this time to draw a correlation.

一項對 45 名接受睪酮治療的男性進行的研究發現，乳腺癌的發病率為 11%，但目前還不足以得出相關性。

This specific link is being studied a lot right now as young men taking testosterone is quite a new thing, so continue to look up on its effect on breast cancer in the coming years.

由於年輕男性服用睪丸激素是一件新鮮事，目前正在對這一特定聯繫進行大量研究，是以在未來幾年裡，請繼續關注睪丸激素對乳腺癌的影響。

An increase in testosterone will also lead to an increase in sebum causing acne.

睪酮的增加也會導致皮脂增加，從而引起痤瘡。

People on testosterone should monitor how bad their acne can get.

使用睪丸激素的人應該注意自己的痤瘡會變得有多嚴重。