Name: 飛彈不斷呼嘯而過，以色列機場是如何做到保持開放讓班機降落？ (While Missiles Fly, Flights Land: How Israel’s Airport Stays Open | WSJ)
Uploaded: 2023-10-19T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 7 min 9 s

The morning of October 9th, fragments of a Hamas missile land less than a mile outside of Ben Gurion Airport, Israel's main international airport.

10 月 9 日上午，一枚哈馬斯飛彈碎片落在以色列主要國際機場本古里安機場外不到一英里的地方。

In the skies above, A Ryanair flight on approach diverted away.

在天空之上，瑞安航空公司一架正在進港的班機改道飛離。

And yet, in a matter of minutes, aircraft resumed taking off and landing at the airport, while the war continued.

然而，在短短幾分鐘內飛機恢復在機場起降，戰爭仍在繼續。

Despite it being less than 40 miles from the front lines of Israel's war with Gaza, Ben Gurion airport has remained open throughout the conflict.

儘管距離以色列與加薩戰爭的前線不到 40 英里，本古里安機場在整個衝突期間一直保持開放。

And while civil air spaces above war zones, like Ukraine, often remain closed from the moment war breaks out, Israel's civil airspace has continued to receive commercial traffic.

而烏克蘭等戰區上空的民用空域、往往從戰爭爆發的那一刻起就一直處於關閉狀態、 以色列民用空域繼續 接受商業運輸。

I think the key question here that everyone's asking is why haven't the Israelis closed their airspace?

我想大家都在問的關鍵問題是為什麼以色列人沒有關閉他們的領空？

And I think the answer is countries are always going to err on the side of keeping it open.

我認為答案是，各國在保持開放方面總是會犯錯。

So how does Israel keep an airport open in a warzone?

那麼，以色列是如何在戰區保持機場開放的？

And what are the risks to aircraft in the airspace?

空域內的飛機會面臨哪些風險？

Keeping airspace open can provide a vital corridor for Israel to allow people to leave, soldiers to return, and goods and supplies to continue entering the country during the conflict.

保持空域開放可以為以色列提供一條重要的走廊，讓人員離開、士兵返回以及貨物和物資在衝突期間繼續進入該國。

One of the steps the country has taken to try and protect those aircraft is to change the route they're approaching Ben Gurion from.

國家採取的措施之一試圖保護這些飛機，就是改變他們接近本古裡安的路線。

The main mitigation measure that we've taken is completely separating the routes from the area of the conflict.

我們採取的主要緩解措施是將路線與衝突地區完全分開。

The routes, basically, in and out of Israel are much northern than they are usually, going 10 miles south of Haifa.

基本上，進出以色列的路線比通常的路線要北得多，位於海法以南 10 英里處。

According to Israel's Civil Aviation Authority,

the country's civil and military air traffic controllers also work very closely together and often sit in the same buildings and look at the same aerial picture.

該國的民用和軍用空中交通管制員也密切合作，經常坐在同一棟建築物中觀看相同的空拍圖。

And that allows them to coordinate on trying to ensure that missiles from the country's Iron Dome system don't impact civilian aircraft when they're intercepting Hamas missile.

這使得他們能夠進行協調，努力確保該國鐵穹系統的飛彈在攔截哈馬斯飛彈時不會影響民用飛機。

It still leaves plenty of flexibility for the defense systems to plan their engagement, to plan their interception of a rocket.

它仍然為防禦系統留下了足夠的靈活性來計劃他們的交戰，計劃他們的火箭攔截。

On the ground, while Ben Gurion in airport can normally have over 10 aircraft waiting at its gates...

在地面上，雖然本古里安機場通常可以有 10 多架飛機在門口等候...

We've limited the number of aircraft that are loaded with passengers and with fuel, so you would see maximum six, normally four.

我們限制了飛機的數量滿載乘客和燃料，所以你最多能看到六架，通常是四架。

And when the aircraft are ready to depart, takeoff is as swift as possible, with no queuing on the runway.

當飛機準備起飛時儘可能迅速起飛，在跑道上無需排隊。

Israel's Civil Aviation Authority says that part of the reason it's able to keep its airspace open is because it has remained open previously, through years of Hamas missile attacks.

以色列民航局表示，其能夠保持領空開放的部分原因是，在哈馬斯多年的飛彈襲擊中，該領空此前一直保持開放。

所以沒有人在做任何新的事情。

Civil Aviation doesn't like doing new stuff, not in general, and specifically not in conflict.

民航不喜歡做新事物，一般來說不喜歡，特別是在衝突中也不喜歡。

And that's why the country issued a notice to airlines, saying its airspace would remain open but that airlines should use caution,

這就是為什麼這個國家向航空公司發出通知，表示其領空將繼續開放，但航空公司應謹慎行事，

a notice the FAA and EASA, its European equivalent, have also sent out.

美國聯邦航空局（FAA）和歐洲航空安全局（EASA）的通知也已發出。

Yet, despite this, the vast bulk of international carriers have paused flying to Tel Aviv.

然而，儘管如此，絕大多數國際運營商暫停飛往特拉維夫。

While many airlines stopped flying to Tel Aviv the day Hamas launched its surprise attack, others continued to to fly for a few days more.

雖然許多航空公司在哈馬斯發動突襲的當天停止了飛往特拉維夫的航班，但其他航空公司仍繼續飛行幾天。

A British Airways flight actually turned back moments before landing, as air raid sirens were sounding in the area surrounding the airport.

英國航空公司的一架航班實際上在著陸前不久就折返了，當時機場周圍地區響起了空襲警報。

British Airways has issued a statement, saying it's suspended all flights to Tel Aviv until further notice.

英國航空公司發表了一份聲明，稱已暫停所有飛往特拉維夫的班機直至另行通知。

Some Arnos, even though their insurance allows these operations, they don't want it.

一些阿諾斯人，儘管他們的保險允許這些操作，但他們並不想要這樣做。

Even though the airspace remains open, airlines will have many questions to consider if they operate flights into the region.

儘管空域仍然開放，但航空公司如果營運飛往該地區的航班，仍將面臨許多問題需要考慮。

How frequent is the rocket fire from Gaza?

來自加薩的火箭發射有多頻繁？

How deep into Israel are rockets being launched?

火箭彈發射到以色列多深的地方？

Where are those Iron Dome intercepts taking place?

Matt Borie is Chief Intelligence Officer and one of the co-founders of Osprey Flight Solutions,

馬特-博裡是首席情報官也是 Osprey Flight Solutions 公司的共同創始人之一，

an aviation risk management company that advises the likes of America's TSA.

為美國運輸安全管理局 (TSA) 等機構提供諮詢服務的航空風險管理公司。

His job is to evaluate some of the worst-case scenarios, and he thinks that Israel's airspace should be more restricted.

他的工作是評估一些最壞的情況，他認為以色列的領空應受到更多限制。

The area where the conflict is affecting, which includes Northern Israel, Haifa, Tel Aviv, should be paused until the trajectory of this conflict becomes more clear.

衝突影響地區，包括以色列北部、海法、特拉維夫，應該暫停，直到衝突的軌跡變得更加清晰。

Matt cautioned that, even though aircraft were being rerouted to approach over Haifa, there had still been recent surface-to-air missile, or SAM, activity in the region.

馬特警告說，儘管飛機正在改變航線以接近海法上空，但該地區最近仍然有地對空飛彈（SAM）活動。

The IDF has confirmed they employed a conventional SAM system to shoot down a rocket launch from Gaza, near Haifa.

以色列國防軍證實，他們使用傳統地對空飛彈系統擊落了從海法附近加薩發射的火箭。

Footage of the impact later appeared on social media.

撞擊的畫面後來出現了在社交媒體上。

Why this is a concern is because now we're creating the conditions for a shoot-down.

為什麼這是一個令人擔憂的問題，因為現在我們正在為擊落創造條件。

Civil aviation flying in between areas where conflict activity is happening.

民用航空在發生衝突活動的地區之間飛行。

Israel says that when a missile is fired, its air traffic controllers can have over a minute and a half to maneuver aircraft out of the area,

以色列表示，當飛彈發射時，其空中交通管制員可以有超過一分半鐘的時間來操縱飛機離開該地區，

and in that time, aircraft can cover around 10 miles.

在這段時間內，飛機可以飛行大約 10 英里。

While neither Hamas nor Israel is likely to intentionally target civilian aircraft,

雖然哈馬斯和以色列都不太可能故意瞄準民用飛機，

according to Matt, there's still a risk that an aircraft could be shot down if it's misidentified as a missile or other threat,

馬特表示，如果飛機被誤認為飛彈或其他威脅，那麼仍然存在被擊落的風險，

which is exactly what happened when Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down over eastern Ukraine by pro-Russia militia.

這正是馬來西亞航空 17 號班機在烏克蘭東部上空被親俄羅斯民兵擊落時所發生的情況。

Weather caused this aircraft to deviate from its flight path, which led to the rebel group to interpret it as not a civilian airliner because it wasn't flying on the civilian airliner routes,

天氣導致這架飛機偏離其飛行路線，導致叛亂組織將其解釋為不是民用客機，因為它沒有在民用客機航線上飛行，

so Osprey has already told its clients that we assess the potential for miscalculation or misidentification in Israeli airspace to be likely in the near term under the current scenario.

因此，Osprey 已經告訴其客戶，我們評估了在當前情況下短期內以色列領空可能發生誤判或誤識別的可能性。

Israel denies that misidentification is a major risk factor in its airspace.

以色列否認誤認是其領空的一個主要風險因素。

There are technical limitations on some of the systems that, again, there is no possibility that an interceptor could target a civilian aircraft.

某些系統有技術限制，攔截器不可能瞄準民用飛機。

If anyone has a minimal knowledge in aviation, a screen showing a drone and a civilian aircraft and a fighter jet looks very, very different.

如果有人對航空知識只有一點點，那麼顯示無人機、民用飛機和戰鬥機的螢幕看起來會非常非常不同。

And the MA-17 and other tragic accidents that happened have a very, very different background, and none of it is relevant in this conflict.

MA-17和其他發生的悲慘事故有著非常非常不同的背景，並且與這場衝突無關。

While the situation in Israel is already complex, the addition of outside forces, like Syria and Hezbollah,

雖然以色列的局勢本來就很複雜，再加上外來力量的影響，像敘利亞和真主黨一樣，

who have already engaged in limited artillery exchanges with Israel, could complicate things further.

他們已經參與了 與以色列進行了有限的炮擊，可能會讓事情變得更加複雜。

Do you trust Hezbollah will not make a mistake on firing on a target over northern Israel?

你相信真主黨在向以色列北部目標開火時不會犯錯嗎？

Israel, however, says that it is monitoring risks from all sides.

然而，以色列說，它正在監測來自各方的風險。

We're monitoring very, very closely and looking at the risk very carefully, monitoring the situation in Lebanon, monitoring the situation in Syria.

我們正在密切關注並仔細研究風險，監測黎巴嫩局勢、監測敘利亞局勢。

I can assure you that, if we see many rockets launched towards Ben Gurion, we will freeze traffic in Ben Gurion, and traffic will go to Eilat Ramon.

我可以向你們保證，如果我們看到許多火箭向本古里安發射，我們將凍結本古里安的交通，交通將流向埃拉特拉蒙。

As the situation in the skies above Israel evolves, its aviation authority maintains that it will remain accountable, whatever happens.

由於天空中的局勢在以色列不斷發展的同時，其航空管理機構堅持無論發生什麼，它都將繼續負責。

And we look at this role very, very seriously.

我們非常認真地看待這個角色。