Name: TED】Rebecca Brachman。一類新的藥物可以預防抑鬱症和創傷後應激障礙（A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD | Rebecca Brachman）。 (【TED】Rebecca Brachman: A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD (A new class of drug that could prevent depressio
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T08:14:14.000Z
Duration: 5 min 11 s

So the first antidepressants were made from, of all things,

rocket fuel, left over after World War II.

Which is fitting, seeing as today, one in five soldiers develop depression,

是由第二次世界大戰所留下的 火箭燃料所製成。

or post-traumatic stress disorder or both.

相符的，就像今天 有五分之一軍人罹患了憂鬱症，

But it's not just soldiers that are at high risk for these diseases.

或創傷後壓力症候群或兩者皆得。

It's firefighters, ER doctors, cancer patients, aid workers, refugees --

但，不只有軍人是高危險的族群，

anyone exposed to trauma or major life stress.

消防員、急診醫生、癌症患者、 援助工作者和難民等 ––

And yet, despite how commonplace these disorders are,

任何暴露於精神創傷 或重大生活壓力下的人都可能罹患。

our current treatments, if they work at all,

我們目前所有的治療方法， 如果它們真的有效的話，

In 1798, when Edward Jenner discovered the first vaccine --

1798 年，愛德華．詹納 發現了首支疫苗 ––

he didn't just discover a prophylactic for a disease,

他發現的不僅是一種疾病的預防用藥，

this prevention was not believed to extend to psychiatric diseases.

Until 2014, when my colleague and I accidentally discovered

人們卻不認為這種預防藥物 可擴展運用到精神疾病。

the first drugs that might prevent depression and PTSD.

直到 2014 年， 當我和同事偶然發現

第一批可能預防憂鬱症 和創傷後壓力症的藥物。

and we're currently studying whether they work in humans.

And these preventative psychopharmaceuticals

And they work by increasing stress resilience,

其效用是增強人們的耐壓復原力，

So think back to a stressful time that you've since recovered from.

所以我們稱之為復原力增強劑。

Maybe a breakup or an exam, you missed a flight.

回想一下你處於緊張狀態 恢復過來的時刻。

Stress resilience is the active biological process

也許由分手、考試 或是你錯過班機所引起。

that allows us to bounce back after stress.

耐壓復原力是我們承受壓力後，

Similar to if you have a cold and your immune system fights it off.

類似於如果我們感冒了， 免疫系統會對抗一樣。

in the face of a significant enough stressor,

can result in a psychiatric disorder, such as depression.

In fact, most cases of major depressive disorder

resilience enhancers can protect against purely biological stressors,

目前從老鼠身上看到的情況是，

復原力增強劑可防止 單純的生物性壓力，

and social and psychological stressors, like bullying and isolation.

以及社會和心理壓力， 如欺凌與孤立。

three weeks of high levels of stress hormones.

So, in other words, a biological stressor without a psychological component.

換句話說，沒有參雜 心理因素的生物壓力。

And if we give three weeks of antidepressant treatment beforehand,

如果我們預先給予三週的抗憂鬱治療，

But a single dose of a resilience enhancer given a week before

completely prevents the depressive behavior.

但在一週前給予單劑量的 復原力增強劑，

This is the first time a drug has ever been shown

to prevent the negative effects of stress.

Depression and PTSD are chronic, often lifelong, clinical diseases.

They also increase the risk of substance abuse, homelessness,

憂鬱症和創傷後壓力症候群， 通常是種慢性、終生的疾病。

患者還會增強濫用藥物、無家可歸、

The global cost of depression alone is over three trillion dollars per year.

心臟病、老年癡呆和自殺等風險。

But now, imagine a scenario where we know someone is predictively

光憂鬱症的費用 每年全球就超過 3 兆美元。

at high risk for exposure to extreme stress.

但現在想像一下，我們預知某人將會

Say, a red cross volunteer going into an earthquake zone.

比如，一名紅十字志工進入震災區。

we could give her a pill or an injection of a resilience enhancer

在她前往災區前，除了傷寒疫苗，

So when she is held at gunpoint by looters or worse,

she would at least be protected against developing depression or PTSD

當她被搶劫者持槍恐嚇 或遇到更糟的情況時，

至少可以防止在事後患上憂鬱症

It won't prevent her from experiencing the stress,

but it will allow her to recover from it.

復原力增強劑不能阻止 她經歷這種壓力，

we can dramatically reduce her susceptibility to depression and PTSD,

possibly saving her from losing her job, her home, her family or even her life.

我們可以大大降低她憂鬱症 和創傷後壓力症的發病機率，

After Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine,

可能挽回她失去工作、家庭、 家人，甚至是她的生命。

a lot of other vaccines rapidly followed.

許多其他疫苗迅速接連地問世。

before a tuberculosis vaccine was widely available.

結核病疫苗才被廣泛、普及地使用。

that tuberculosis made people more sensitive and creative and empathetic.

And that it was caused by constitution and not biology.

結核病使人們更敏感、 富創造性和同理心。

And similar things are still said today about depression.

它是由體質，而非生物學所引發的。

And just as Jenner's discovery opened the door

現今對憂鬱症仍然有著類似的想法。

for all of the vaccines that followed after,

the drugs we've discovered open the possibility of a whole new field:

而我們發現的藥物， 可能開啟了一個全新領域：

but on what we as a society choose to do with it.

而是我們這個社會 選擇要如何看待處理 。

TED】Rebecca Brachman。一類新的藥物可以預防抑鬱症和創傷後應激障礙（A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD | Rebecca Brachman）。 (【TED】Rebecca Brachman: A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD (A new class of drug that could prevent depressio