Name: 骨折了會怎樣？ - Gurpreet Baht 和 Natalie Pang (What happens when you break a bone? - Gurpreet Baht and Natalie Pang)
Uploaded: 2026-03-10T22:33:06.000Z
Duration: 4 min 12 s

Roughly 50% of people will break a bone at some point in their lives.

大約有五成的人在一生中會發生骨折。

But whether the cause is as mundane as a slip on the ice or as dramatic as a tightrope walking accident, broken bones tend to heal the same way.

但無論原因是像冰上滑倒這麼平凡，還是走鋼索事故這麼戲劇化，骨折癒合的方式大致相同。

The human body's 200 plus bones come in many shapes and sizes, referred to by medical professionals as short bones, long bones, flat bones, and

人體有兩百多塊骨頭，形狀和大小各不相同，醫療專業人員稱之為短骨、長骨、扁骨，以及

the catch all category of irregular bones.

Despite their differences, bones generally have a rigid structure composed of a protein matrix that's dotted with bone cells and reinforced with minerals containing calcium.

儘管骨頭各有不同，但通常都具有堅硬結構，由蛋白質基質組成，上面點綴著骨細胞，並用含有鈣的礦物質加固。

Inside these stiff exteriors is spongy marrow containing stem cells that can divide and differentiate into specialized cell types.

在這些堅硬外層裡面是海綿狀的骨髓，含有幹細胞，這些幹細胞可以分裂並分化成特定類型的細胞。

Bones are also penetrated by blood vessels and nerves, which relay the searing pain signal associated with a break.

骨頭裡也佈滿血管和神經，傳遞骨折時的劇烈疼痛訊號。

Since these nerves are encased in hard tissue, they're very difficult to study.

因為這些神經被包覆在硬組織裡，所以很難研究。

So we still don't know exactly why broken bones hurt so much.

所以我們仍然不確確切知道為什麼骨折會這麼痛。

But we do know that long bones are the most likely to break, since they often take the brunt of the impact from a fall.

但我們知道長骨最容易發生骨折，因為它們經常承受跌倒時衝擊的最大部分。

Whether an accident causes a clean break or a splintering crack, any kind of fracture makes the blood vessels inside the bone rupture, causing internal bleeding and inflammation.

不論是乾淨的斷裂或碎裂，任何一種骨折都會導致骨頭內的血管破裂，造成內出血和發炎。

This signals the body to start the first step of the healing process, the inflammatory phase.

這會向身體發出訊號，啟動癒合過程的第一步，也就是發炎階段。

For the next week, the body floods the injury site with immune cells, which remove damaged tissue and help prepare the site for healthy new tissue to grow.

接下來一週，身體會將免疫細胞湧入受傷部位，清除受損組織，並幫助準備好讓健康的組織生長。

The cells also release signaling molecules that recruit stem cells to the area.

這些細胞也會釋放訊號分子，將幹細胞招募到該區域。

As they arrive, these stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes.

幹細胞抵達後，會分化成軟骨細胞。

These cells use the clotted blood at the break site as a scaffold to build callous made of cartilage.

這些細胞會利用骨折處的血塊作為支架，建造由軟骨組成的骨痂。

Cartilage can grow very quickly, making it a useful temporary patch.

軟骨生長速度非常快，是個有用的臨時修補材料。

So over the following weeks, some of the chondrocytes and stem cells develop into special bone building cells called osteoblasts that can create a stronger bony callus.

是以，在接下來的幾週內，部分軟骨細胞和幹細胞會發育成稱為蝕骨細胞的特殊骨骼建造細胞，它們可以形成更強的骨性骨痂。

Once the bony callus is complete, the remodeling phase can begin.

一旦骨性骨痂完成，重塑階段就可以開始了。

Over the next few months, another type of cell eats away at the bony callus as osteoblasts lay down new bone tissue.

接下來幾個月，另一種細胞會侵蝕骨性骨痂，同時蝕骨細胞會沉積新的骨組織。

This phase is where most of the bone healing happens, restoring the injury site to its previous shape.

這個階段是骨頭癒合最主要的時期，會將受傷部位恢復成原本的形狀。

But the healing timeline varies widely, depending on a patient's diet, how much rest they're getting, and

但癒合的時間長短差異很大，取決於病患的飲食、休息的充足與否，以及

A clean break generally heals the fastest, and

乾淨的骨折通常癒合最快，而且

doctors use casts and splints to keep bones aligned as they heal.

醫生會使用石膏和夾板來固定骨頭，讓它們在癒合過程中保持對齊。

But if the bone has been splintered into tiny fragments and significantly displaced, surgery may be required to put those pieces back in place.

但如果骨頭碎裂成小碎片且移位嚴重，可能就需要手術來將這些碎片重新接合。

And if a bone does heal while misaligned, a surgeon would need to refracture it, realign it, and

如果骨頭癒合時沒有對齊，外科醫生就需要將骨頭重新打斷、對齊，然後

then use pins, plates, or screws to hold the bone together.

再用鋼釘、鋼板或螺絲將骨頭固定在一起。

When the remodeling phase is over, there may be a slight bump at the fracture site, but

當重塑階段結束時，骨折處可能會有一點小凸起，但

this typically resolves over time, leaving the bone just as strong as it was before.

這個通常會隨著時間自行解決，讓骨頭恢復原本的強度。

Naturally, the strength of our bones varies from person to person, and

當然，我們骨頭的強度因人而異，而且

older populations are more likely to break their bones in the first place, since bone density tends to decrease with age.

年長者比較容易骨折，因為骨密度會隨著年齡而下降。

Researchers are still investigating why this happens, but

研究人員仍在調查為何會這樣，但

fortunately we already know the best way to keep bones strong even when they aren't healing.

幸運的是，我們已經知道即使骨頭沒有癒合，也能保持強壯的最佳方法。

Bones are constantly remodeling, adjusting their density and strength to the amount of force they're typically under, so exercises like walking, running, and

骨頭會不斷地重塑，根據承受的力道來調整密度和強度，所以走路、跑步和

weightlifting all stimulate your bones to grow denser.

舉重等運動都能刺激骨頭變得更密集。

Just make sure whatever activity you're doing is relatively safe, because there's nothing humorous about a broken humerus.

只要確保你做的任何活動相對安全就好，因為肱骨骨折一點也不好笑。

Watch these videos to either challenge what you think you know or learn more about what you don't.

觀看這些影片，挑戰你既有的認知，或是學習更多你不知道的知識。