Name: 經典鉅作：鏡頭下的「移民母親」誕生全紀錄！ (Masterpiece: The Making of Migrant Mother)
Uploaded: 2026-02-09T17:19:48.000Z
Duration: 6 min 54 s

In March 1936, Dorothea Lange was driving through Nipomo, California, on her way home after a long day of work for the Resettlement Administration, a New Deal agency created by FDR to relocate struggling families onto land developed by the government.

1936 年 3 月，Dorothea Lange 在為 Resettlement Administration 工作了一整天後，開車經過加州的 Nipomo，準備回家的路上。Resettlement Administration 是 FDR 創立的一個 New Deal 機構，目的是將陷入困境的家庭遷移到政府開發的土地上。

過去完成式

For the last 15 years or so, she'd made her living taking portraits of the San Francisco elite.

大約過去 15 年，她靠為舊金山的名流拍攝肖像維生。

But after the Great Depression hit, she left her studio and began to document the effects of the crisis on residents of the city.

但在大蕭條來襲後，她離開了工作室，開始記錄這場危機對城市居民的影響。

On seeing those photographs, Roy Stryker immediately hired her to work for the government on a project that would involve documenting poor rural workers in a propaganda effort to elicit political support for government aid.

看到那些照片後，Roy Stryker 馬上聘請她為政府工作，負責記錄貧困農村工人的情況，並將其作為宣傳，以爭取民眾對政府援助的支持。

Lange was riding home, having finished her work film, ready to be sent back to Washington, when she passed a pea pickers camp.

Lange 當時正騎車回家，她剛完成要寄回華盛頓的工作底片，途中經過了一個豌豆採摘者營地。

Pea picker was a name given to poor migrants from eastern cities and towns who moved west, often to California, looking for farm work.

豌豆採摘者是給那些從東部城市和城鎮遷移到西部，經常到加州尋找農場工作機會的貧困移民的稱呼。

During the depress at this camp, an early morning frost had killed the crops, so some 3,000 people were left in their makeshift homes with no work, some starving.

在這個營地，當時的霜凍殺死了農作物，所以大約 3,000 人留在了他們的臨時住所裡，沒有工作，有些人甚至挨餓。

But Lang passed them by, exhausted from the day's work.

但 Lange 疲憊地開車經過了他們。

It was 20 more miles before she turned around.

在她決定掉頭回去之前，還有 20 英里路程。

In about 10 minutes, she would be back on the road again, but

大約十分鐘後，她就會回到路上，但

not before taking one of the most iconic pictures in the history of photography.

在拍下攝影史上最具代表性的照片之一之前。

On arriving at the camp, Lang is immediately drawn as if by a magnet.

一抵達營地，Lange 就立刻被深深吸引。

She said to a family huddled under a tent, this is likely a test shot.

她對一個擠在帳篷下的家庭說，這可能只是一張測試照。

There are a lot of things that make this composition unpersuasive.

有很多地方讓這個構圖說服力不足。

Only the child in the middle, for example, is offering her face to the camera.

例如，只有中間的孩子願意讓臉對著相機。

The oldest daughter on the chair doesn't seem to notice the camera at all.

椅子上最大的女兒似乎完全沒注意到相機。

And the mother turns away, clearly defensive, not wanting her picture taken.

而母親則轉過頭，明顯很防備，不想被拍照。

So Lang talks to them, as she's learned to do after working this beat for a long time, and

所以 Lang 跟他們聊了起來，這是她長久以來處理這類新聞後學到的，

This composition is definitely more pleasing than the last, but something's still not quite right, and

這個構圖確實比上一張討喜多了，但還是有些地方不太對勁，

it has to do with the eldest daughter here.

Remember, these photos have a purpose, to evoke sympathy from voters that would translate into political support.

記住，這些照片有個目的，就是要引起選民的同情，進而轉化為政治支持。

As James Curtis points out, having an older daughter as well as three younger ones could suggest to some that this woman wasn't taking the right precautions in family planning and was less deserving of support, or in other words, less like them.

正如 James Curtis 指出，如果有一個大女兒和三個較小的孩子，可能會讓有些人覺得這位母親在家庭計畫上沒有採取適當的預防措施，是以不太值得支持，或者說，跟他們不一樣。

She captures or stages a breastfeeding scene, playing on the religious symbolism of the nursing Madonna.

她捕捉或安排了一個哺乳的場景，利用了哺乳聖母的宗教意象。

But the picture may have been too extreme for viewers of that time.

但這張照片對當時的觀眾來說可能太極端了。

What's more, it was clearly making the mother uncomfortable and Lang is starting to realize that she is the key to the scene, specifically her face.

更重要的是，這顯然讓母親感到不舒服，而 Lange 開始意識到，她才是場景的關鍵，特別是她的臉。

So she alters the angle, asks one of the children to come back in, and

所以她改變了角度，請其中一個孩子回來，

你可以看到這位母親放鬆了下來。

But the older child looks a bit awkward and the post is blocking part of the baby's head.

但大一點的孩子看起來有點尷尬，而且架子擋住了寶寶的一部分頭。

So Lang tries again, this time having the great idea to include the trunk at an angle in the foreground with the empty pie tin.

所以 Lange 再次嘗試，這次她有個絕妙的主意，將樹幹以角度放在前景，旁邊還有空的派盤。

Compelling imagery of the family's struggle and nomadic lifestyle.

這張照片強烈地傳達了這個家庭的掙扎和遊牧生活。

The child looks wistful, the baby is sleeping.

孩子看起來若有所思，寶寶正在睡覺。

And the mother has the right expression too.

你可以看到 Lange 逐漸掌握了訣竅。

Through a series of adjustments, it achieves the objectives of her project while being aesthetically powerful.

透過一系列的調整，這張照片達成了她計畫的目標，同時也極具美學力量。

It's exactly what Ron Stryker would have loved to see.

這絕對是 Roy Stryker 會想看到的。

But Lang thought she could do one better.

This is the photograph you probably know.

這就是你們可能認識的那張照片。

I don't think you can really appreciate it until you understand the 10 minutes that came before.

我覺得，除非你瞭解前面那十分鐘的故事，否則你無法真正欣賞它。

A lesser photographer would have milked the children's faces for their sympathetic potential.

一位比較沒那麼厲害的攝影師，可能會利用孩子們的臉來博取同情。

But by the time she arrives here, she knows exactly what the focus needs to be.

但當她來到這裡時，她知道焦點該放在哪裡。

The daughters faces turned behind their mother's shoulders communicates that message of family.

女兒們的臉轉向母親的肩膀後方，傳達了家庭的訊息。

A family of the right size, mind you, without taking away from the central face or the eyes, which seem at last to let down their guard as they search the distance in worry.

一個規模剛好的家庭，重點是，沒有分散對中間臉部或眼睛的注意力，而眼睛最後似乎卸下了戒心，擔憂地望向遠方。

The face is so important that Lang has the woman put her hand on her chin so that her arm points to it.

這張臉非常重要，Lange 讓這位女士把手放在下巴上，讓她的手臂指向那張臉。

Anything that took attention away from the face would hurt the power of the image.

任何會轉移焦點、不看臉部的東西，都會削弱照片的張力。

Which also explains why Lang had a darkroom assistant remove the woman's other thumb here, where she was holding the post, so that she could keep her other hand to her chin.

這也解釋了為什麼 Lange 讓暗房助理移掉這位女士握著柱子的另一根拇指，好讓她能把另一隻手放在下巴上。

All this manipulation, of course, speaks to the fact that there's very little spontaneous in this iconic image of so called documentary photography.

當然，所有這些修飾都說明瞭，在這張所謂的紀實攝影標誌性照片中，幾乎沒有什麼是即興的。

It's supposed to communicate a candid truth about the moment, but this is anything but candid.

它 supposed to 傳達當下的真實情況，但這完全不是真實的。

Whether that diminishes its power is up to you.

這是否會削弱它的力量，就由你來決定了。

For me, being able to actually see the steps of Lange's craft enhances her work.

對我來說，能夠實際看到 Lange 的創作過程，反而增強了她的作品。

It gives the photograph a third dimension.

這讓這張照片有了第三個維度。

Almost as soon as it was developed, this photo took on a life of its own.

這張照片沖洗出來後，幾乎立刻就有了自己的生命。

After it was published in a San Francisco newspaper, The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the migrant camp at Nipomo.

在舊金山一家報紙刊登後，政府就送了兩萬磅的食物到 Nipomo 的移民營地。

Stryker fell in love with it and sent it all across the country, after which it came to define the Depression in the American consciousness.

Stryker 對這張照片愛不釋手，並將它送往全國各地，之後它就定義了美國人心中對大蕭條的印象。

And on a deeper level, it became the archetypal image of struggling families in any era.

更深一層來說，它成為了任何時代裡，艱苦家庭的典型代表。

A second thought, a skilled photographer, a mother, her kids, and

第二個想法，一位技術精湛的攝影師，一位母親，她的孩子們，還有

10 minutes in 1936 that will live forever.

1936 年的 10 分鐘，將永垂不朽。

Next time you have an instinct to turn around, listen to it.

下次當你直覺想回頭看時，就聽從它吧。

Thank you so much for watching this episode was brought to you by NordVPN.

非常感謝收看，本集節目由 NordVPN 贊助播出。

If you care like I do about your privacy and security online, you should absolutely be using a VPN or virtual private network to keep your data safe by allowing you to connect to stuff remotely so prying eyes can't sit your IP address and private information.

如果你跟我一樣在意網路上的隱私和安全，你絕對應該使用 VPN 或虛擬私人網路來保護你的資料安全，讓你能夠遠端連線， so prying eyes can't sit your IP address and private information.

I've had a few hacking scares myself, so VPNs really helped ease my mind.

我自己也經歷過幾次被駭的驚險時刻，所以 VPN 真的讓我安心不少。

If you're watching this right now, you get 75% off a three year plan if you go to NordVPN.com nerdwriter plus an extra month free when the code nerdwriter is used at the checkout.

如果你現在正在收看，只要到 NordVPN.com/nerdwriter 購買三年方案，就能享有七五折優惠，再加贈一個月免費，結帳時輸入折扣碼 nerdwriter 即可。

I've shopped around in this space, used a few VPNs and NordVPN is definitely my favorite.

我試過市面上幾款 VPN，NordVPN 絕對是我的最愛。

Not only does it have military grade encryption and overflow 5,000 servers in 62 countries, you can run it simultaneously on up to six devices, which means you can run it on computers and your phone.

它不僅有軍規級加密和遍佈 62 個國家、超過 5,000 臺伺服器，還能同時在最多六個裝置上使用，也就是說，你的電腦和手機都能用。

So when you're accessing the WI fi at a cafe or an airport, you know you'll be safe.

所以當你在咖啡廳或機場使用 Wi-Fi 時，你就知道自己是安全的。

And again, NORDVPN is offering my viewers 75% off a three year plan plus an extra free month if you use the code nerdwriter at checkout.

再次強調，NORDVPN 提供我的觀眾三年方案七五折，再加贈一個月免費，只要在結帳時使用折扣碼 nerdwriter。

Just go to nordvpn.com nerdwriter thanks guys, I'll see you next time.

只要到 nordvpn.com/nerdwriter 就可以了，謝謝大家，下次見。

字幕列表影片播放

經典鉅作：鏡頭下的「移民母親」誕生全紀錄！ (Masterpiece: The Making of Migrant Mother)

struggle

instinct

depression

access