Name: 真主黨崛起全解析！ (The Rise of Hezbollah, Mapped)
Uploaded: 2026-02-08T16:13:28.000Z
Duration: 13 min 49 s

程度副詞

This map shows the thousands of attacks that have occurred right here on this border just over the past year in this fight between Israel and one of their biggest regional enemies, Hezbollah.

這張地圖顯示了過去一年裡，在以色列和他們最大的區域敵人之一真主黨之間的這場衝突中，僅在這條邊界就發生了數千次攻擊。

Hezbollah is one of the biggest armed groups in the world that isn't a nation's military.

真主黨是世界上最大的非國家軍事武裝團體之一。

They have tens of thousands of trained soldiers and hundreds of thousands of missiles and rockets capable of reaching targets.

他們有數萬名訓練有素的阿兵哥，以及數十萬枚飛彈和火箭，足以攻擊目標。

This threat led Israel to conduct a massive set of attacks against Hezbollah.

這項威脅促使以色列對真主黨發動了大規模攻擊。

This large explosion was seen near Beirut's international area in which they killed almost all of the group's top leaders, weakening Hezbollah immensely, followed by a full on invasion by Israeli troops to denigrate this group even further.

貝魯特國際區附近出現了這次大爆炸，幾乎殺死了該組織所有高層領導人，極大地削弱了真主黨，隨後以色列軍隊發動全面入侵，進一步打擊這個組織。

This has been a massive escalation that is now spilling over into this entire region.

這是一次大規模的升級，現在已經蔓延到整個區域。

And to understand how we got here, you really have to understand where Hezbollah came from.

想要了解我們是如何走到這一步的，你真的必須瞭解真主黨是從哪裡來的。

This group's fierce 40 year struggle tells us about how the modern Middle east came together and how it's now coming apart.

這個組織長達 40 年的激烈鬥爭，告訴我們現代中東是如何形成的，以及它現在又是如何分崩離析的。

The geopolitics of the Middle east is complicated and sensitive and there's a lot going on right now, which makes navigating the news pretty difficult.

中東的地緣政治很複雜且敏感，現在有很多事情正在發生，這讓新聞的導讀變得相當困難。

Which is why I'm glad that the sponsor of today's video exists.

這也是為什麼我很高興今天影片的贊助商存在。

Thank you Ground News for sponsoring today's video.

感謝 Ground News 贊助今天的影片。

Ground News is this new tool that I'm using.

Ground News 是我正在使用的一個新工具。

What it does is it aggregates news stories from around the world, thousands and thousands of different outlets, and

它的功能是匯總來自世界各地的新聞報導，成千上萬的不同媒體，然後

it puts them all in one place and then it analyzes them and then it tells you about the political bias, the leaning, who owns the outlet, the factuality, the credibility of the sources.

將它們全部放在一個地方，然後進行分析，再告訴你關於政治偏見、傾向、媒體所有權、事實性、來源的可信度。

It is a website and an app that allows you to see the news in a much more holistic way, giving you the tools to be a critical news consumer, which is frankly becoming harder and harder every year.

這是一個網站和應用程式，讓你能夠以更全面的方式看待新聞，給你作為一個批判性新聞消費者的工具，這坦白說一年比一年困難。

One of my favorite things is this interactive map feature.

我最喜歡的功能之一是這個互動地圖。

This allows me to quickly get up to date on different international conflicts and read news from sources from the UK to Germany to China to India, all sitting side by side with U.S.

這讓我可以快速瞭解不同的國際衝突，並閱讀來自英國、德國、中國、印度等地的來源新聞，所有這些都與美國的新聞並列。

You can even filter for things like reliability or location.

你甚至可以篩選像是可信度或地點等項目。

And you can see which sources are affiliated with the government.

你也可以看到哪些來源與政府有關聯。

It's one of the many tools that Ground News has that gets you out of your fixed lens on how you normally consume the news, which is often subject to sensationalized algorithms, political bent, corporate media influence, all of this making it harder to know if what you're consuming is actually credible.

這是 Ground News 提供的眾多工具之一，能讓你跳脫平常的固定視角來閱讀新聞，因為我們常受制於聳動的演算法、政治傾向、企業媒體的影響，這些都讓判斷你所接收的資訊是否真的可信變得越來越難。

Ground News solves that with these tools.

Ground News 透過這些工具解決了這個問題。

So if you're somebody who wants unbiased news coverage and is trying to make sense of complicated world events happening right now, this tool might be good for you.

所以如果你是個想要獲得沒有偏見的新聞報導，並且試圖理解現在正在發生的複雜世界事件的人，這個工具可能很適合你。

And the good news is that they're offering a massive discount right now.

好消息是，他們現在提供了超優惠折扣。

50% off their vantage plan, which is all of these tools that I talked about today.

他們的 vantage plan 有五折優惠，這包含了今天我跟大家分享的所有工具。

To access that plan, you go to the link in my description.

要取得這個方案，請點擊我說明欄裡的連結。

It is Ground News, Johnny Harris, or just, just point your camera at this QR code and you'll get in on that 50% off.

就是 Ground News，Johnny Harris，或者，只要把你的鏡頭對準這個 QR code，你就可以享有這個五折優惠。

Thank you again, Ground News, for sponsoring today's video.

再次感謝 Ground News 贊助今天的影片。

Thank you for existing and doing this very important work.

謝謝你們的存在，並做著這麼重要的工作。

And with that, let's get back to this very important and timely story of the rise of Hezbollah.

說到這裡，讓我們回到這個非常重要且及時的故事：真主黨的崛起。

The story of Hezbollah really starts when the vast Ottoman Empire broke apart in the early 1900s.

真主黨的故事其實始於 1900 年代初期，當時龐大的鄂圖曼帝國瓦解。

Europeans came in and sliced all of this up.

歐洲人進來，把這一切劃分開來。

But then they drew a line here to carve out this little mountainous region, one that was populated mostly by Maronite Christians.

但他們在這裡畫了一條線，劃分出這個以馬龍派基督徒為主的山區。

But the border didn't include just Christians.

The French made sure to include this area to the east and this area to the south, areas that contained large populations of Shia Muslims who were now forced into this new country where they were made a minority to the Christians, along with a few other religious groups.

法國確保將東邊和南邊的區域也包含進來，這些區域有大量的什葉派穆斯林人口，他們被迫進入這個新國家，在那裡他們成了少數，而基督徒是多數，還有其他幾個宗教團體。

We're going to focus a lot down here on this Shia heartland that would eventually become one of the most important regions in the whole Middle East.

我們將會聚焦在南邊這個什葉派的中心地帶，這裡最終會成為整個中東最重要的地區之一。

In 1943, Lebanon gains its independence from France.

It creates a constitution meant to balance the power between all of these religious groups.

它們制定了一部憲法，旨在平衡所有這些宗教團體之間的權力。

But that balance wouldn't last, mostly thanks to what started happening down here, where another set of borders were being carved into the Middle East.

但這種平衡不會持久，這主要歸因於這裡開始發生的事情，中東的其他邊界正在被劃分。

in 1948 they left and the UN helped draw these new lines, creating a new Israel and Palestinian state.

1948年他們離開了，聯合國幫助劃定了這些新線條，創建了一個新的以色列和巴勒斯坦國。

Decades of war forced out millions of Palestinians, many of whom ended up here in Lebanon.

數十年的戰爭迫使數百萬巴勒斯坦人離開，其中許多人最終來到了黎巴嫩。

These Palestinians are mostly Sunni Muslim.

這些巴勒斯坦人大多是遜尼派穆斯林。

So this upsets the carefully laid power balance in Lebanon and further marginalizes the Shia Muslims who were fighting for their place in the country.

這打破了黎巴嫩精心制定的權力平衡，並進一步邊緣化了在這個國家爭取自己地位的什葉派穆斯林。

Then in 1974, an armed militia made up of Palestinians called the Palestinian Liberation Organization moves to Lebanon and they turn this whole region, which again was made up of mostly Shias, into their own little mini state.

然後在1974年，一個由巴勒斯坦人組成的武裝民兵組織，稱為巴勒斯坦解放組織，遷往黎巴嫩，他們將這個地區，再次強調，這個地區主要由什葉派組成，變成了他們自己的小國。

You start to see that Lebanon is descending into division between the different militias and powers controlling parts of the country.

你開始看到，黎巴嫩正陷入不同民兵組織和控制該國部分地區的勢力之間的對立。

And in the mid-70s, it all breaks down into a full fledged civil war between a dizzying number of religious factions.

而在七〇年代中期，這一切就演變成一場全面內戰，數不清的宗教派別互相對抗。

It's a war that will pull in much of the Middle east.

這場戰爭會牽扯到大部分的中東地區。

And it's a war whose most Important region is down here in this border zone between Israel and Lebanon, the place that will soon give rise to Hezbollah.

而這場戰爭最重要的區域就在這裡，以色列和黎巴嫩之間的邊境地帶，也就是不久後真主黨將會崛起的地方。

They're here right next door and they're watching this civil war and they decide to invade to prop up the Marionite Christian ruling class who've become Syria's allies.

他們就在隔壁，看著這場內戰，決定入侵來支持馬龍派基督徒統治階級，他們已經成為敘利亞的盟友。

They want to do this to prevent the civil war from spilling over into their territory.

他們這樣做是為了防止內戰蔓延到他們的領土。

At this point, Syria also considers annexing the entire country of Lebanon, making it a part of Syria.

在這個階段，敘利亞也考慮併吞整個黎巴嫩，讓它成為敘利亞的一部分。

But eventually the relationship between Syria and Maronite Christians breaks down and Syria continues to occupy this part of the country.

但最終，敘利亞和馬龍派基督徒之間的關係破裂，敘利亞繼續佔領這個國家的部分地區。

Meanwhile, to the south, Israel fears that Syria is growing too powerful.

同時，南方，以色列擔心敘利亞變得太強大。

It also wants to wipe out the PLO who is attacking them across the border from Lebanon.

它也想消滅從黎巴嫩越過邊境攻擊他們的巴勒斯坦解放組織。

So in 1978, Israel enters the fray, invading from the south and driving deep into the country.

所以，在1978年，以色列介入戰局，從南方入侵，深入這個國家。

Israel succeeds in temporarily suppressing the plo, but

以色列暫時成功壓制了巴解組織，但

in the process it displaces hundreds of thousands of locals, most of them Shia Muslims.

在這個過程中，他們迫使數十萬當地居民流離失所，其中大部分是什葉派穆斯林。

It eventually withdraws after a UN resolution.

聯合國通過決議後，以色列最終撤軍。

But then in 1982, after more PLO attacks, Israel invades again, this time pushing all the way to Beirut, fighting both the PLO and Syria.

但到了1982年，在更多巴解組織的攻擊之後，以色列再次入侵，這次一路推進到貝魯特，同時對抗巴解組織和敘利亞。

And this is where the conflict takes on a new dimension.

這場衝突也是以進入了新的階段。

It's 1979 and over in Iran, the people have risen up against the US backed dictator in this Islamic revolution led by a Shia Muslim cleric who wants to spread this revolution throughout the region.

當時是1979年，伊朗人民發起了這場伊斯蘭革命，推翻了美國支持的獨裁者，由一位什葉派教士領導，他希望將這場革命擴散到整個地區。

And in 1982 they find their perfect match here in southern Lebanon.

而在1982年，他們在黎巴嫩南部找到了完美的夥伴。

It's a militia that rose to defend against outsiders, trampling, trampling their heartland.

這是一個為了對抗外來者、踐踏他們家園的民兵組織。

It's called Hezbollah, which means party of God.

這個組織叫做真主黨，意思是「真主黨」。

Iran picked this group in particular because it shares its goals of Islamic revolution and a deep distrust and disdain for Israel.

伊朗之所以挑選這個組織，是因為他們有著共同的伊斯蘭革命目標，並且對以色列有著深深的不信任和鄙視。

Iran starts providing Hezbollah with money, weapons, soldiers, training and leadership.

伊朗開始提供真主黨金錢、武器、阿兵哥、訓練和領導。

And in return, Hezbollah proclaims loyalty to the Iranian revolution and its supreme leader.

作為回報，真主黨宣誓效忠伊朗革命及其最高領袖。

What started as Lebanon's civil war is now a regional war that is heating up.

最初是黎巴嫩內戰，現在已經演變成一場正在升溫的區域戰爭。

So the United States enters leading an international peacekeeping mission to try to calm these tensions.

是以，美國介入並領導了一項國際維和任務，試圖緩和這些緊張局勢。

But of course, Hezbollah and Iran hate this.

但當然，真主黨和伊朗非常討厭這樣。

They now have two prime targets in their Israel and these Western powers led by the U.S.

他們現在有了兩個主要目標：以色列和這些由美國領導的西方強權。

so in 1983, they launch a series of terrorist attacks.

於是，在1983年，他們發動了一系列恐怖攻擊。

A truck bomb detonated in front of a US and French barracks in Beirut that kills over 300 people.

一輛炸彈卡車在貝魯特的美軍和法軍營房前引爆，造成超過300人死亡。

Most of the world blames not only Hezbollah, but also its backer, Iran.

大多數國家不僅怪罪真主黨，也怪罪其幕後支持者伊朗。

The fighting continues until 1989, when the many groups fighting this civil war come to a peace agreement One that bans all militias and requires them to give their weapons back to the government.

戰鬥一直持續到1989年，當時參與內戰的許多團體達成了一項和平協議，禁止所有民兵組織，並要求他們將武器交還給政府。

Israel still occupies what they call this security buffer zone in southern Lebanon.

以色列仍佔領著他們所謂的黎巴嫩南部安全緩衝區。

So the peace agreement makes an exception specifically for efforts that resist the Israeli occupation.

是以，這項和平協議特別允許抵抗以色列佔領的行動。

AKA they allow Hezbollah to continue to exist, turning them into something more than just one of these militias fighting for their group.

也就是說，他們允許真主黨繼續存在，讓他們不僅僅是為自身群體而戰的民兵組織之一。

It gives them a kind of official status to continue acting as a defender of southern Lebanon, the country's bulwark against Israel.

這賦予了他們一種官方地位，可以繼續扮演南部黎巴嫩的捍衛者，成為國家對抗以色列的屏障。

They also develop into more of a political party that gains seats in Lebanon's legislature, kind of serving as a parallel government, providing social services in the areas that it controls.

他們也發展成一個在黎巴嫩議會中贏得席位的政黨，有點像一個平行政府，為其控制的地區提供社會服務。

So let's look at Hezbollah in this moment, because they find themselves in the middle of shifting power games in the Middle east, balancing their mandate to defend their Shia heartland, which was their founding motivation, but

所以，讓我們看看此刻的真主黨，因為他們發現自己身處中東權力遊戲的變動之中，一方面要平衡保衛他們什葉派心腹地帶的使命，這是他們創立的初衷，但

also trying to gain further influence in the region, while also appeasing the demands of their major supporter, Iran.

同時也試圖在中東地區擴大影響力，並安撫其主要支持者伊朗的要求。

In 2005, Lebanon's Prime Minister is assassinated and most Lebanese blame Hezbollah along with its other foreign supporter, Syria.

2005年，黎巴嫩總理遇刺，大多數黎巴嫩人將此歸咎於真主黨及其另一外國支持者敘利亞。

Lebanese people rise up in mass protest and Syria eventually withdraws its forces that have occupied Lebanon for 28 years.

黎巴嫩人民發起大規模抗議，敘利亞最終撤離了佔領黎巴嫩28年的軍隊。

Its legitimacy is supposed to come from resisting foreign meddling.

他們的合法性 supposed to 來自抵抗外國幹預。

And it's becoming clear that they have become a pawn in the geopolitical game of regional powers Syria and Iran.

而且越來越清楚的是，他們已經成為敘利亞和伊朗這些地區強權地緣政治遊戲中的一枚棋子。

But the group is able to turn Syria's withdrawal into their advantage.

但真主黨能夠將敘利亞的撤軍轉化為自己的優勢。

The Syrian occupation had kept Lebanon somewhat stable, so as soon as they left, it creates this power vacuum and allows Hezbollah to take more territory, ramping up attacks across the border against Israel and leading to another brief war with the idf.

敘利亞的佔領讓黎巴嫩相對穩定，所以他們一離開，就造成了權力真空，讓真主黨能夠佔領更多領土，加劇了對以色列的越境攻擊，並導致了與以色列國防軍的又一次短暫戰爭。

Hezbollah continues to be a useful proxy for Iran, and Iran continues to fund them and arm them.

真主黨持續成為伊朗的有用代理人，而伊朗也持續資助和武裝他們。

And by 2011, Iran and Syria pull Hezbollah into another unpopular conflict, Syria's civil war.

到了2011年，伊朗和敘利亞將真主黨捲入了另一場不受歡迎的衝突——敘利亞內戰。