Name: 巴基斯坦為何要對抗曾支持的塔利班？ | Mapped Out (Why Pakistan is fighting the Taliban it once backed | Mapped Out)
Uploaded: 2026-01-24T17:39:52.000Z
Duration: 16 min 31 s

2025 was a deadly year for the country, the worst in a decade.

2025 年對這個國家來說是致命的一年，是十年來最糟的一年。

And Pakistan says those responsible are being backed by the Afghan Taliban regime.

而巴基斯坦表示，那些負責的人正受到阿富汗塔利班政權的支持。

Pakistan and Afghanistan have been fighting, especially at the border.

巴基斯坦和阿富汗一直在打仗，尤其是在邊境地區。

Pakistan used to have high hopes for its neighbor, Afghanistan.

巴基斯坦曾經對它的鄰國阿富汗寄予厚望。

But the Afghan Talib are now cozying up to Pakistan's arch rival, India.

但現在阿富汗塔利班正與巴基斯坦的宿敵印度親近。

So could the violence destabilize the entire region?

那麼，暴力是否會 destabilize 整個地區？

Let's start off here at the Darul Uloom Haqqania Madrasa.

我們先從 Darul Uloom Haqqania Madrasa 開始。

It's sometimes also been called the University of Jihad.

有時候它也被稱為「聖戰大學」。

It's where many high ranking Taliban leaders in Afghanistan were educated.

這裡培養了許多阿富汗塔利班的高階領導人。

So you might think the seminary is in Afghanistan, right?

所以你可能會以為這間神學院在阿富汗，對吧？

It's In Pakistan, around 100 km from the border to Afghanistan.

它在巴基斯坦，距離阿富汗邊境大約 100 公里。

The Taliban movement is believed to have emerged from religious seminaries like this one, and

塔利班運動據信就是從像這樣的宗教神學院，

以及更廣泛地從這個邊境地區崛起的。

The Soviet Union invaded and occupied Afghanistan in the Cold War.

蘇聯在冷戰時期 invaded 並 occupied 阿富汗。

A resistance movement centered on Islam developed.

一個以伊斯蘭教為中心的抵抗運動就此發展起來。

The Taliban came out of the mujahideen fighters who were fighting the Soviet occupiers in Afghanistan.

塔利班是來自於阿富汗抵抗蘇聯佔領者的聖戰戰士。

He's a senior Fellow for South Asia at the Atlantic Council, a US Think tank.

他是美國智庫 Atlantic Council 的南亞資深研究員。

I would argue that the Taliban was really a Pakistani project from its early days.

我認為，塔利班從早期開始，其實就是巴基斯坦的一個計畫。

Pakistan, created as a Muslim nation, poured money into what would later become the Taliban.

巴基斯坦，一個以穆斯林國家為名的國家，投入了大量資金在後來成為塔利班的組織上。

Pakistan's powerful secret service, the isi, along with Saudi Arabia and the US Wanted to defeat the Communists.

巴基斯坦強大的情報機構 ISI，以及沙烏地阿拉伯和美國，都想擊敗共產黨。

After the Soviet withdrawal, there were years of civil war in Afghanistan.

蘇聯撤軍後，阿富汗發生了多年的內戰。

In 1996, the Taliban movement took over Kabul.

1996年，塔利班運動佔領了喀布爾。

By the way, Pakistan was one of just a few countries to recognize the Taliban government at the time.

順帶一提，巴基斯坦是當時少數承認塔利班政權的國家之一。

And then there was, of course, the whole thing of the Taliban regime being toppled by a US invasion in 2001 and a long war which ultimately resulted in the Taliban being back in power 20 years later.

然後當然還有，塔利班政權在2001年被美國入侵推翻，以及長達二十年的戰爭，最終讓塔利班在20年後重返權力。

And again, Pakistan welcomed Taliban rule.

而且，巴基斯坦也歡迎塔利班執政。

So with such close historic ties and common ground, why have Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban been fighting?

那麼，基於如此緊密的歷史淵源和共同點，為什麼巴基斯坦和阿富汗塔利班會發生衝突呢？

To understand, we need to zoom into the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

要了解這一點，我們需要聚焦在巴基斯坦和阿富汗之間的邊境地區。

The border between the two countries cuts through an area that's traditionally inhabited by Pashtuns, a large ethnic group known for its distinct language and culture.

兩國之間的邊界劃過了一個傳統上由普什圖人居住的區域，他們是一個以獨特的語言和文化聞名的大型民族。

It's a region that has always been interconnected.

這個地區一直以來都是相互連結的。

There's even a friendship gate set up at a border crossing.

甚至在一個邊境口岸還設立了友誼之門。

She's a professor for international relations in Pakistan's Peshawar, right in the border region.

她是巴基斯坦坎大哈邊境地區的國際關係教授。

And it's not just goods and families that have moved across the border.

而不只是貨物和家庭跨越邊境。

It's also militants living inside Peshawar.

I mean, we are living that experience of being targeted by militants or terrorist groups attacking us from across the border, or living amongst us, not knowing that they are amongst us and are engaged in suicide bombing, creating instability.

我的意思是，我們正經歷著被武裝分子或恐怖組織從邊境攻擊，或是他們就住在我們之中，我們卻不知道他們就在我們身邊，並且正在進行 Suicide bombings，製造 destabilize 的情況。

The area nearby is mountainous, which means it's hard for the Pakistani government to control the border.

附近的山區地形，讓巴基斯坦政府難以控制邊境。

But Pakistan did try to manage and control the area by setting up border posts like that gate, and

但巴基斯坦確實試圖透過設立像那樣的邊境哨站來管理和控制該區域，

by building fences, which the Afghan Taliban have reportedly tried to prevent, since they don't even recognize this border.

並建造圍籬，據報阿富汗塔利班曾試圖阻止，因為他們甚至不承認這條邊界。

That's because, surprise, surprise, the border was drawn during colonial times by the British Empire.

因為，你猜怎麼著，這條邊界是英國殖民時期劃定的。

In 1893, when today's Pakistan was still part of British India.

那是在 1893 年，當時今天的巴基斯坦還是英屬印度的一部分。

The border was the brainchild of this guy, Henry Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat.

這條邊界的構想來自這位英國外交官 Henry Mortimer Durand。

And it was drawn right through the Pashtun region, as you might remember.

而且，正如你可能還記得的，它就這樣劃過了普什圖地區。

And Afghanistan has always rejected that.

This is really a colonial era issue for the Afghans today.

對於今天的阿富汗人來說，這確實是殖民時代遺留的問題。

The view of the Afghan people today and all Afghan governments is that there was an unfair deal for the Afghans back then.

今天阿富汗人民以及所有阿富汗政府的看法是，當時阿富汗人受到了不公平的對待。

Afghanistan's position has always been that it's illegitimate.

阿富汗的立場一直以來都是認為這是不合法的。

No Afghan government, including the Afghan Taliban, has recognized the border as legitimate, Even though it's widely recognized internationally.

沒有任何阿富汗政府，包括阿富汗塔利班，承認這條邊界是合法的，儘管國際上普遍承認。

The border issue has ceded so much mistrust in the Afghanistan Pakistan relationship that it really just makes it difficult for the two sides to meet and to earn each other's trust and be willing to make concessions to get through tension points.

邊界問題在阿富汗與巴基斯坦的關係中造成了這麼多的不信任，使得雙方很難見面、贏得彼此的信任，並願意做出讓步來化解緊張局勢。

And that is because the border issue has always been that fundamental point of strain.

這就是因為邊界問題一直是那個根本的壓力點。

And it's fundamental to the current fighting between Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban regime as well.

這也是巴基斯坦與阿富汗塔利班政權之間當前衝突的根本原因。

But it's the other Taliban Pakistan is even more worried about.

但巴基斯坦更擔心的是另一個塔利班。

We've been talking about the Afghan Taliban, the ones in charge in Kabul.

我們一直在談論的是阿富汗塔利班，也就是在喀布爾掌權的那些人。

But there's also a Pakistani Taliban, the Tehrika Taliban, Pakistan, the ttp.

但也有巴基斯坦塔利班，也就是巴基斯坦的Tehrika Taliban，簡稱ttp。

It's usually hard to get current footage of the group.

通常很難取得這個組織的現況畫面。

This video was filmed to prove that the TTP's leader survived a Pakistani airstrike on Kabul.

這支影片拍攝的目的是要證明 TTP 的領導人，在巴基斯坦空襲喀布爾時倖存了下來。

The TTP formed in an area near Pakistan's border.

TTP 是在巴基斯坦邊境附近的一個地區形成的。

你知道的，就是那個很難治理的地區。

Until 2018, it was also known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, or fatah.

直到 2018 年，它也被稱為聯邦直轄部落地區，簡稱 FATA。

Today it's part of a bigger province, but

現在它是一個較大省份的一部分，但是

the TTP want the area to be semi autonomous and, and

TTP 希望該地區享有半自治權，並且

For the ttp, it's what they're fighting for.

對 TTP 來說，這就是他們奮鬥的目標。

It's also where most of their operations take place.

這裡也是他們大部分行動發生的地點。

These are the locations of violent attacks in Pakistan just in 2025.

這些是巴基斯坦在 2025 年發生的暴力攻擊地點。

TTP 聲稱其中大部分是他們做的。

One of the deadliest attacks was in 2014 on an army run school in Peshawar.

其中一起最致命的攻擊發生在 2014 年，目標是一所軍方辦的學校，地點在白沙瓦。

And you might know one of the TTP's most prominent targets.

而你可能知道 TTP 最顯著的目標之一。

Malala Yousufzai, the Pakistani Nobel Peace Prize winner.

就是巴基斯坦諾貝爾和平獎得主馬拉拉·優素福扎伊。

She survived being shot in the head when she was just 15 after speaking out for girls education and against the Taliban.

她在 15 歲時，因為為女孩教育發聲並反對塔利班，頭部中槍後倖存下來。

A majority of recent TTP attacks has been against the Pakistani military and security personnel.

近期 TTP 的攻擊，大多數都是針對巴基斯坦軍方和安全人員。

The government in a way is making an effort to clear all the area from all these militants.

政府一方面也在努力要將這些激進分子從所有區域清除。

But still because of the terrain, it is facing difficulty to crush all these militants.

但因為地形的關係，要徹底剷除這些激進分子仍然面臨困難。

The TTP wants to wear down the Pakistani state.

TTP 想要耗盡巴基斯坦國家的力量。

Okay, so there are two Taliban movements, the Afghan Taliban in Kabul who were founded with Pakistani support, and

好的，所以有兩個塔利班運動，一個是在阿富汗喀布爾，由巴基斯坦支持創立的，

there's a Pakistani Taliban which is fighting the Pakistani state.

另一個是巴基斯坦塔利班，他們正在對抗巴基斯坦國家。

And unfortunately for Pakistan, the two Taliban movements have a lot in common.

對巴基斯坦來說不幸的是，這兩個塔利班運動有很多共通之處。

This relationship between the two Talibans goes way back.

這兩個塔利班之間的關係由來已久。

They're not the same organization, but they're cut from the same cloth ideologically.

他們不是同一個組織，但在意識形態上卻是同源的。

Under the Afghan Taliban, that has meant women are largely excluded from public life and girls are banned from regular education beyond primary school.

在阿富汗塔利班的統治下，這意味著女性在很大程度上被排除在公共生活之外，女孩們也被禁止接受小學教育以外的正規教育。

Several TTP members and commanders started off as foot soldiers for the Afghan Taliban.

幾名 TTP 成員和指揮官最初都是阿富汗塔利班的基層阿兵哥。

So they'd fought together, they'd staged some attacks together in Afghanistan.

所以他們曾一起戰鬥，也曾在阿富汗一起發動過一些攻擊。

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巴基斯坦為何要對抗曾支持的塔利班？ | Mapped Out (Why Pakistan is fighting the Taliban it once backed | Mapped Out)

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