Name: 惡性通膨、犯罪飆升、物資消失：委內瑞拉經濟崩潰的真相！ (How Venezuela's Economy Became a Disaster)
Uploaded: 2026-01-04T13:32:59.000Z
Duration: 16 min 3 s

Venezuela is the single most mismanaged economy in the world.

委內瑞拉是全球管理最不善的經濟體。

And while that's a big claim with some stiff competition,

雖然這句話很有份量，而且競爭者也不少，

情態副詞

there are simply no other countries on earth that have fumbled such a privileged position quite so badly.

但地球上沒有其他國家能像這樣把如此優渥的條件搞砸。

Venezuela has the largest oil reserves of any country in the world by a significant margin.

委內瑞拉擁有全球最多的石油儲量，而且差距非常大。

The runner-up, Saudi Arabia, would have to find an entire USA's worth of extra oil

第二名的沙烏地阿拉伯，得要找到整個美國那麼多的額外石油，

just to meet the reserves of this single small South American nation.

才能達到這個南美小國的儲量。

Now, we have seen many times on this channel before

我們在這個頻道上已經看過很多次了，

that natural resource wealth does not equal economic prosperity.

自然資源的財富並不等於經濟繁榮。

But at this scale of natural resource wealth,

但在這麼龐大的自然資源財富規模下，

the country could have effectively brute forced its way into the global upper class.

這個國家本來可以硬闖進入全球上層階級的。

Unfortunately, what should have been an easy path to prosperity was squandered.

可惜的是，本來應該是通往繁榮的康莊大道，卻被揮霍殆盡。

And from its peak, the country has lost more than 80% of its GDP in less than a decade.

從高峰期以來，這個國家在不到十年的時間裡，GDP就損失了超過80%。

The collapse was so bad that many international economic agencies just don't collect data on it anymore

經濟崩潰的程度嚴重到，許多國際經濟機構乾脆不再蒐集相關數據，

因為這個經濟體實在太失控了。

It would almost be laughable if it wasn't so tragic.

如果不是如此悲慘，幾乎會讓人覺得荒謬。

The country is now one of the most dangerous and impoverished economies in the world.

這個國家現在是世界上最危險、最貧困的經濟體之一。

Venezuela, for a variety of reasons that are each worth exploring individually,

由於多種各自都值得深入探討的原因，

has become very isolated from the rest of the world.

委內瑞拉幾乎與世界其他國家隔絕。

Its people are leaving in droves and governance has become so unstable

人民紛紛逃離，治理也變得如此不穩定，

that it can't even get access to the manpower and investments needed to extract its abundant oil reserves.

以至於連開採其豐富石油儲量所需的人力與投資都無法獲得。

This is a situation that is not getting any better.

Late last year, the country threatened to annex neighbouring Guyana,

去年底，委內瑞拉威脅要併吞鄰國蓋亞那，（這部影片製作時間為2024年）

further alienating it in the global community.

進一步在國際社會中自我孤立。

And now, just late last month, the country held a highly controversial election,

而就在上個月底，該國舉行了一場極具爭議的選舉，

raising huge question marks about who is really in charge.

引發外界對真正掌權者的巨大質疑。

Venezuela is the national equivalent of a lottery winner that's too incompetent to even claim their winning ticket,

委內瑞拉就像是一個中了樂透，卻連獎券都不會兌換的人，

let alone manage the money once they get it.

更別說拿到錢後還能好好管理。

But if there's more to learn from failure than success, it's a good place to start.

如果失敗比成功更值得學習，那這裡絕對是最佳案例。

So how did a country with so much going for it end up so poor?

那麼，一個擁有這麼多優勢的國家，怎麼會變得如此貧困呢？

Were these problems coming purely from within?

這些問題是純粹從內部產生的嗎？

Or were there external forces pushing for its demise?

還是有外部勢力在推動其走向毀滅？

And finally, of course, is there any realistic way for the country to turn its economy around?

最後，當然，這個國家有沒有實際的方法可以讓經濟好轉呢？

we can put Venezuela, the most mismanaged economy in the world,

我們就可以把委內瑞拉，這個世界上管理不善的經濟體，

If you're running a business, you know how challenging it can be to manage complex processes.

如果你正在經營一家公司，你會知道管理複雜流程有多麼具有挑戰性。

Switching between different platforms and apps for every small task is far from ideal.

對於每一個小任務都要在不同的平臺和應用程式之間切換，這離理想狀態還差得很遠。

That's where our sponsor Odoo comes in as an all-in-one business management system.

這就是我們的贊助商 Odoo 可以派上用場的地方。Odoo 是一套全方位的企業管理系統。

Odoo's software covers everything in one place,

from CRM for lead generation and deal tracking to accounting that auto creates and sends invoices,

從用於潛在客戶開發和交易追蹤的 CRM，到自動建立和發送發票的會計，

With Odoo you can streamline your processes, reduce complexity and really focus on growing your business.

透過 Odoo，你可以簡化你的流程，減少複雜性，真正專注於發展你的業務。

Its user friendly interface and customizable features allow us to tailor it to our specific needs.

其使用者友善的介面和可自訂的功能讓我們能夠根據我們的特定需求進行客製化。

For us especially, the CRM is really helpful for managing our sales pipeline,

對我們來說，特別是 CRM，對於管理我們的銷售管道、

scheduling calls and sending quotes with a few clicks.

像是安排通話、快速發送報價，只需點擊幾下就能完成。

It even uses AI to score leads which we find handy for securing brand deals.

它甚至還會運用 AI 來評估潛在客戶，這對我們爭取品牌合作非常有幫助。

This is one of the use cases that work well for our needs.

這是其中一個很適合我們需求的應用案例。

Yet there are so many solutions to choose from specifically for your business needs.

然而，市面上針對你的企業需求有這麼多解決方案可供選擇。

The best part is that you only pick the apps that you need,

最棒的是，你只需要選擇自己真正需要的模組，

Plus, there's a 14-day free trial with no credit card required,

此外，還有 14 天的免費試用，無需信用卡，

So if you're ready to take your business to the next level,

所以，如果你準備好將你的事業提升到新的層次，

click the link below to start your free trial of Odoo and discover how it can transform your business.

請點擊下方的連結開始免費試用 Odoo，並發掘它如何改變你的事業。

For most of the country's history, Venezuela has been a petro-dependent territory.

在該國的大部分歷史中，委內瑞拉一直是一個依賴石油的地區。

Even the indigenous people would regularly use oil tars seeping out of the ground to keep fires blazing throughout the night

即使是原住民，也會定期使用從地面滲出的瀝青來整夜燃燒火焰，

or waterproof their canoes before the Spanish even made contact.

或在西班牙人接觸之前防水他們的獨木舟。

Crippled after its 19th-century liberation,

在 19 世紀脫離殖民統治後，國力衰弱的委內瑞拉，

the country not only benefited from the discovery of oil,

it was the one thing that allowed the government to remain stable via state funding or outright bribery.

石油更成了政府維持穩定的關鍵，透過國家資金分配，甚至是直接賄賂。

And for a while, although far from perfect, this worked.

而且，雖然遠非完美，但這在一段時間內是奏效的。

Modern Venezuela is one of the better-known petro rentier states,

現代委內瑞拉是較為人知的石油租金國家之一，

receiving a large portion of its revenue from rent paid by businesses, governments and foreign individuals.

其大部分收入來自企業、政府和外國個人支付的租金。

Annual production exploded during the 1920s from just over a million barrels to 137 million,

到了 1920 年代，年產量從僅略高於一百萬桶爆炸性增長到一億三千七百萬桶，

making Venezuela second only to the United States in total output by 1929.

到 1929 年，委內瑞拉的總產量僅次於美國。

By 1935, the Venezuelan Bolivar ballooned, with oil becoming the top priority,

到 1935 年，委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾幣值飆升，石油成為首要重點，

accounting for 90% of the country's total exports,

which led to a terrible case of Dutch disease,

a trend that would remain common into the 21st century.

As a result, the country saw decent growth,

although it was based heavily on extracting said oil to fund an otherwise unsustainable economy.

但很大程度上依靠開採石油來支撐原本不可持續的經濟。

This was also dependent on importing most of what it needed in exchange for its oil.

這還依賴進口大部分所需物資，用石油換取。

just three foreign companies controlled 98% of the Venezuelan oil industry:

僅三家外國公司控制了委內瑞拉98%的石油產業：

Gulf, Royal Dutch Shell and Standard Oil.

海灣石油、荷蘭皇家殼牌和標準石油。

The government tried to reform the oil sector to funnel funds into public coffers.

政府試圖改革石油行業，將資金納入公共財政。

The hydrocarbons law of 1943 was first set up in that direction,

1943年的《碳氫化合物法》首次朝這個方向設立，

requiring foreign companies to give half of all oil profits to the state,

要求外國公司將一半的石油利潤交給國家，

a move that increased government income sixfold over just five years.

五年間政府收入因此增加了六倍。

而且，在一段時間內，這奏效了。

In the 1950s, Venezuela took a seat at the table of economic superpowers.

在 1950 年代，委內瑞拉躋身經濟超級大國的行列。

At the time, they were the fourth richest country in the world.

當時，他們是世界上第四富有的國家。

By the 1960s, Venezuela's Petro state status loomed so large that it joined Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq,

到了 1960 年代，委內瑞拉的石油國家地位日益凸顯，與沙烏地阿拉伯、科威特、伊朗和伊拉克一起，

co-founding the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,

共同創立了石油輸出國家組織，

This was a masterful move in the realm of exports,

because it allowed them and the countries that followed, like the UAW, Qatar and Libya,

因為這讓他們以及後來像阿聯酋、卡達和利比亞等國家，

to determine pricing by controlling output to keep prices high.

能夠透過控制產量來決定價格，進而維持高價。

This was technically price fixing through monopolistic market power.

這在技術上是透過壟斷市場力量來操縱價格。

But neither of these factors really became an issue because they are sovereign entities,

但這兩點都不是真正的問題，因為它們是主權國家，

unlike a corporation that is, at least in theory, beholden to the laws of the countries they operate in.

不像公司，至少理論上，它們必須遵守營運國家的法律。

Venezuela, as well as the other countries listed, then nationalised their oil industries.

委內瑞拉以及其他列出的國家，隨後將其石油產業國有化。

For Venezuela, this nationalised body is Petroleum Venezuela S.A., or PDVSA for short.

對委內瑞拉來說，這個國有化機構是委內瑞拉石油公司，簡稱 PDVSA。

This whole dynamic was put into overdrive when Venezuela continued to discover oil deposits

當委內瑞拉繼續發現石油儲藏，使其從一個普通石油國家變成世界最大的石油國時，

that took it from a modest oil state to the single largest oil state in the world.

From the early 2000s, this caused a boom in the economy,

從 2000 年代初期開始，這引發了經濟的蓬勃發展，

with gross domestic product peaking at US$372 billion in 2012.

國內生產毛額 (GDP) 在 2012 年達到 3720 億美元的峰值。

This was fuelled almost entirely by these prized exports.

這幾乎完全是由這些珍貴的出口所帶動的。

GDP, after all, is consumption plus investments plus government spending plus net exports.

畢竟，GDP 是消費加上投資加上政府支出加上淨出口。

字幕列表影片播放

惡性通膨、犯罪飆升、物資消失：委內瑞拉經濟崩潰的真相！ (How Venezuela's Economy Became a Disaster)

entire

equivalent

crisis

sustainable