Name: 為什麼血型這麼多？原來每一種都有「隱藏超能力」！ (Every Hidden Advantage of Your Blood Type Explained)
Uploaded: 2025-11-01T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 10 min 5 s

O positive is the single most common blood type in the world, carried by roughly 4 out of every 10 people.

O型陽性是全球最常見的血型，大約每10個人就有4個人是O型陽性。

讓人驚豔的是它的廣泛適用性。

進階被動語態

A unit of O positive blood can be transfused into any patient who is Rh positive, whether they are A, B, AB or O themselves.

O型陽性血液可以輸給任何Rh陽性的病人，無論他們本身是A型、B型、AB型還是O型。

This gives it enormous medical importance, since in emergencies, doctors can use it to stabilize the majority of patients.

這讓它具有極大的醫療重要性，因為在緊急情況下，醫生可以用它來穩定大多數的病人。

Its abundance also means that blood banks depend heavily on O positive donors to keep hospitals supplied.

它的充裕也意味著血庫非常依賴O型陽性捐血者來維持醫院的血液供應。

From an evolutionary perspective, the O type has shaped human survival in several ways.

從演化的角度來看，O型血在好幾個方面塑造了人類的生存。

The absence of A and B antigens reduces the ability of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for the deadliest form of malaria, to cause red blood cells to clump together, lowering the risk of severe malaria in O carriers.

缺乏A抗原和B抗原，降低了惡性瘧原蟲（導致最致命瘧疾的寄生蟲）讓紅血球聚集的能力，降低了O型帶原者罹患嚴重瘧疾的風險。

Anthropologists also suggest that type O may have been advantageous for hunter gatherer populations since their immune profile and digestive adaptation features favored high protein diets and exposure to wild pathogens long before agriculture reshaped human health.

人類學家也認為，O型血對狩獵採集者族群來說可能很有優勢，因為在農業重塑人類健康之前，他們的免疫特徵和消化適應能力就已經能適應高蛋白飲食和接觸野生病原體。

On the other hand, the exposed H antigen on O blood cells can be a point of entry for certain pathogens, which is why O individuals are more vulnerable to severe cases of cholera and norovirus.

另一方面，O型血球上暴露的H抗原可能成為某些病原體的入侵點，這也是為什麼O型個體更容易罹患嚴重霍亂和諾羅病毒的原因。

Another trait is that O blood types usually have lower baseline levels of clotting factors such as von Willebrand factor, which protects against life threatening clots, but

另一個特徵是，O型血的凝血因子，例如馮韋蘭氏因子，通常基線水準較低，這能預防危及生命的血栓，但

can increase the risk of bleeding in some situations.

在某些情況下，可能會增加出血的風險。

A A is the second most common blood type worldwide, found in about three out of every 10 people.

A型血是全球第二常見的血型，大約每10個人就有3個人是A型。

Its defining feature is the presence of A antigens and the RHD factor on the surface of red blood cells, which means A positive individuals can safely receive blood from both A and O positive donors.

A型血的特徵是紅血球表面同時帶有A抗原和Rh陽性因子，這表示A型陽性者可以安全地接受A型和O型陽性者的輸血。

Medically, this provides a broad pool of compatible transfusions, making it one of the easiest blood types to manage in hospitals.

在醫療上，這提供了廣泛的相容性輸血來源，使其成為醫院中最容易管理的血型之一。

Its high prevalence also ensures that blood banks can maintain steady reserves for emergencies.

其高普及率也確保了血庫在緊急情況下能夠維持穩定的儲備。

Beyond its medical role, type A A carries evolutionary and immunological traits that shaped how populations adapted through history.

除了醫療上的作用，A型血還帶有演化和免疫特徵，塑造了歷史上人口的適應方式。

The A antigen has been linked to a stronger immune response against certain bacterial infections, particularly those that spread in dense agricultural communities where hygiene challenges were greater.

A抗原已被證實能對某些細菌感染產生更強的免疫反應，特別是在衛生條件較差的密集農業社群中傳播的感染。

This may explain why the frequency of type A increased as humans transitioned from hunter gatherer societies to to settled farming civilizations.

這或許可以解釋為什麼隨著人類從狩獵採集社會轉向定居的農耕文明，A型血的頻率有所增加。

However, the same antigen that provides these defenses has also been associated with higher risks of clotting disorders and certain cardiovascular conditions, showing how evolution balances advantage with vulnerability.

然而，提供這些防禦的相同抗原，也與較高的凝血障礙和某些心血管疾病風險有關，顯示了演化如何在優勢和脆弱性之間取得平衡。

B positive blood is carried by about one in 10 people, making it less common than both O and A types, but

B型陽性血大約每10個人中有1個人帶有，比O型和A型都少見，但

still significant in the global population.

在全球人口中仍佔有重要地位。

It is defined by the presence of B antigens on red blood cells along with the RHD factor.

它由紅血球上的B抗原和RHD因子決定。

In transfusions, B positive individuals can safely receive blood from B positive, B negative, O positive and O negative donors, giving them a moderate range of compatibility.

在輸血時，B型陽性者可以安全地接受B型陽性、B型陰性、O型陽性及O型陰性捐贈者的血液，擁有中等的相容性範圍。

Because of its lower frequency, however, maintaining adequate supplies of B positive blood requires more targeted donation drives compared to O and A types.

然而，由於其頻率較低，相較於O型和A型，維持足夠的B型陽性血液供應需要更具針對性的捐血活動。

From an evolutionary perspective, type B shows a fascinating distribution pattern.

從演化的角度來看，B型血展現了迷人的分佈模式。

It is particularly concentrated in parts of Asia and the Middle east, suggesting that ancient population movements and selective pressures allowed it to spread unevenly across the globe.

它特別集中在亞洲和中東地區的部分區域，這表明古代人口遷徙和選擇壓力讓它在全球範圍內不均勻地傳播。

Research also links the B antigen with altered susceptibility to certain infections, offering protection against some bacteria while creating vulnerabilities to others.

研究也將B抗原與對某些感染的易感性改變聯繫起來，對某些細菌提供保護，同時也造成對其他細菌的脆弱性。

At the same time, the B type has been noted in studies of metabolism, with some evidence pointing toward differences in how carbohydrates and fats are processed.

同時，在代謝研究中也注意到了B型血，一些證據指出碳水化合物和脂肪的處理方式存在差異。

These subtle distinctions reveal how blood types are more than transfusion categories.

這些細微的區別揭示了血型不僅僅是輸血類別。

They are evolutionary fingerprints reflecting how humans adapted to different environments over thousands of years.

它們是演化的指紋，反映了人類在數千年來如何適應不同的環境。

A B positive AB A B positive is the rarest of the major positive blood types, carried by less than 5% of the global population.

AB 陽性是主要的陽性血型中最稀有的，全球不到 5% 的人口擁有。

Its defining trait is that red blood cells display both A and B antigens along with the RHD factor.

它的特徵是紅血球同時帶有 A 和 B 抗原以及 RHD 因子。

Because of this full antigen set, AB positive individuals can receive red cells from any donor A, B, AB or O, whether positive or negative.

由於擁有完整的抗原組合，AB 陽性者可以接受來自任何 A、B、AB 或 O 型捐贈者的紅血球，無論是陽性或陰性。

This makes them the universal recipient in transfusion medicine, a unique advantage when blood supplies are limited or emergencies demand quick compatibility.

這讓他們在輸血醫學中成為萬能接受者，在血液供應有限或緊急情況需要快速配對時，是一項獨特的優勢。

Evolutionary studies suggest that AB is the youngest blood type, emerging only a few thousand years ago through the mixing of A and B populations.

演化研究顯示，AB 型是最年輕的血型，大約在幾千年前，隨著 A 和 B 型人口的混合而出現。

Its rarity makes it valuable to researchers studying genetic diversity since it represents a blending of two distinct antigen systems into one.

它的稀有性使其對研究基因多樣性的研究者來說很有價值，因為它代表了兩種不同抗原系統的融合。

The same antigens that provide broad transfusion compatibility, however, are linked with trade offs.

然而，提供廣泛輸血相容性的相同抗原，也伴隨著權衡。

Type AB individuals show higher susceptibility to certain clotting and vascular conditions compared to O types.

與 O 型相比，AB 型個體對某些凝血和血管疾病的易感性更高。

Still carrying AB positive means belonging to one of the smallest global blood groups while possessing the widest transfusion safety net, an unusual evolutionary combination of scarcity and advantage.

擁有 AB 陽性意味著屬於全球最小的血型群體之一，同時也擁有最廣泛的輸血安全網，這是稀有性和優勢的一種不尋常的演化組合。

O negative O negative is one of the most critical blood types in medicine, despite being carried by less than 7% of the global population.

O 型陰性是醫學上最重要的血型之一，儘管全球不到 7% 的人口擁有。

Its defining feature is the complete absence of A, B and RHD antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

它最顯著的特徵是紅血球表面完全沒有 A、B 和 RHD 抗原。

Because of this, O negative can be transfused into anyone, regardless of their blood type, making it the universal donor for red cell transfusions.

是以，O 型陰性可以輸給任何人，無論其血型為何，使其成為紅血球輸血的萬用捐血者。

In emergency rooms and disaster situations where there is no time for blood typing, A O negative is the first choice, often saving lives when compatibility testing isn't possible.

在急診室和災難情況下，沒有時間進行血型檢測時，O 型陰性是首選，經常能在無法進行相容性測試時挽救生命。

From an evolutionary standpoint, the scarcity of O highlights how unusual it is for individuals to lack all three major antigens.

從演化的角度來看，O 型的稀有性凸顯了個體缺乏所有這三種主要抗原是多麼不尋常。

Its absence of markers lowers risks of dangerous immune reactions and transfusions, but it also comes with vulnerabilities.

缺乏這些標記降低了危險免疫反應和輸血的風險，但同時也伴隨著脆弱性。

O types in general are more prone to severe cholera and norovirus infections due to the exposed H antigen and without the RHD factor.

O 型普遍更容易感染嚴重的霍亂和諾羅病毒，因為暴露了 H 抗原且沒有 RHD 因子。

O negative mothers must be closely monitored in pregnancy to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn.

O 型陰性母親在懷孕期間必須密切監測，以預防新生兒溶血癥。

Still, its unmatched medical utility makes O negative carriers disproportionately important to global blood supply, granting them an evolutionary legacy as silent protectors in every health system.

然而，它無與倫比的醫療用途使得 O 型陰性帶原者在全球血庫供應中佔有不成比例的重要性，賦予他們作為每個醫療系統中無聲守護者的演化傳承。

A negative is one of the rarer blood types present in less than 2% of the global population.

A 型陰性是較稀有的血型之一，在全球人口中不到 2%。

Its red blood cells carry the A antigen but lack the RHD factor, which limits compatibility in transfusion.

其紅血球帶有 A 抗原但缺乏 RHD 因子，這限制了輸血的相容性。

A negative individuals can safely receive blood from A negative and O negative donors only, making their donor pool relatively small.

A 型陰性者只能安全地接受 A 型陰性及 O 型陰性捐贈者的血液，這使得他們的捐血者來源相對較少。

In clinical practice, this scarcity makes every donation of A negative blood especially valuable, as it may be the only safe option for patients with this type.

在臨床實務中，這種稀缺性使得每一袋 A 型陰性血液的捐贈都格外珍貴，因為這可能是這類患者唯一安全的選擇。

From an evolutionary perspective, the A antigen has been associated with stronger immune defenses and against certain bacterial infections, a possible advantage in ancient farming societies where crowded living increased disease exposure.

從演化角度來看，A 抗原與較強的免疫防禦能力以及對抗某些細菌感染有關，這在古代農業社會中可能是一種優勢，當時擁擠的生活增加了疾病暴露的機會。

However, the absence of the Rh D factor adds a complication in pregnancy.

然而，Rh D 因子的缺失在懷孕期間會增加複雜性。

If an A negative mother carries an Rh positive child, her immune system can produce antibodies that endanger the baby's red blood cells.

如果一位 A 型陰性母親懷有一個 Rh 陽性胎兒，她的免疫系統可能會產生抗體，危及胎兒的紅血球。

Modern medicine controls this risk with preventive treatment, but in earlier eras it likely influenced survival and reproduction.

現代醫學透過預防性治療來控制這種風險，但在早期，這很可能影響了生存和繁殖。

The combination of rarity, immune strength, and

reproductive challenges makes A negative A blood type with both hidden protections and delicate vulnerabilities.

生殖挑戰的結合，使得 A 型陰性血型同時擁有隱藏的保護和脆弱之處。

B negative is one of the rarest blood types found in only about 1% of the global population.

B 型陰性是全球人口中約僅有 1% 的極其罕見血型之一。

It is defined by the presence of B antigens on red blood cells, but

其特徵是紅血球上帶有 B 抗原，但

Because of this configuration, B negative individuals can only safely receive blood from B negative or O negative donors and making their transfusion options very limited in hospitals.

因為這個組合，B 型陰性者只能安全地接受 B 型陰性或 O 型陰性捐者的血液，這使得他們在醫院的輸血選擇非常有限。

This scarcity means that B negative donations are carefully managed and considered high priority for patients who rely on them.

這種稀缺性意味著 B 型陰性捐血會被仔細管理，並優先考慮依賴它們的病患。

From an evolutionary perspective, type B likely spread unevenly across ancient populations, with higher concentrations in parts of Asia and lower concentrations in parts of Africa and Europe.

從演化的角度來看，B 型血可能在古代族群中分佈不均，在亞洲部分地區濃度較高，而在非洲和歐洲部分地區濃度較低。

Representation in Europe and the Americas the absence of the RHD factor further narrows its distribution, contributing to its extreme rarity today.

在歐洲和美洲的出現，以及 RhD 因子的缺失，進一步縮小了其分佈範圍，導致其今日極為罕見。

Some studies suggest that B carriers may show altered responses to certain bacterial and viral infections compared to other groups, reflecting subtle evolutionary tradeoffs in immunity.

一些研究顯示，與其他族群相比，B 型帶原者對某些細菌和病毒感染的反應可能有所不同，這反映了免疫系統中微妙的演化權衡。

As a result, B negative individuals stand out not only for their scarcity, but

是以，B 型陰性者不僅因其稀缺性而引人注目，

also for carrying one of the most selectively distributed antigen profiles in human history.

也因為擁有人類歷史上選擇性分佈最廣泛的抗原特徵之一。

AB negative is the rarest of the eight main blood types, carried by less than half a percent of the global population.

AB 型陰性是八種主要血型中最稀有的，全球人口中不到百分之零點五擁有。

Its red blood cells display both A and B antigens but lack the RHD factor, a combination that makes it extremely uncommon in transfusion medicine.

其紅血球同時帶有 A 和 B 抗原，但缺少 RhD 因子，這種組合使得它在輸血醫學中極為少見。

AB negative plasma is particularly valuable because it can be given to patients of any blood type, making it a universal plasma donor.

AB 型陰性血漿特別珍貴，因為它可以輸給任何血型的病人，是萬用血漿捐贈者。

However, AB negative red cells are highly restricted in availability, and

然而，AB 型陰性紅血球的供應量非常有限，

patients with this type can only receive blood from ab, A negative, B negative or O negative donors.

這類型的病人只能接受 AB 型、A 型陰性、B 型陰性或 O 型陰性捐贈者的血液。

From an evolutionary perspective, AB itself is the youngest blood type, thought to have arisen only a few thousand years ago from the mixing of A and B populations.

從演化的角度來看，AB 型本身是最年輕的血型，據信大約在幾千年前，隨著 A 型和 B 型族群的混合而出現。

The additional absence of RHD makes AB negative even more exceptional, turning it into a genetic outlier across human populations.

缺少 RhD 因子讓 AB 型陰性更加與眾不同，成為人類族群中一個極為罕見的基因變異。

This rarity highlights both the diversity and fragility of blood type inheritance.

這種稀有性突顯了血型遺傳的多樣性與脆弱性。

AB negative carriers represent a small fraction of humanity, yet hold uniquely important plasma for transfusion medicine.

AB 型陰性帶原者僅佔人類的一小部分，但在輸血醫學中卻擁有獨特且重要的血漿。

In terms of ancestry, possessing AB negative is like carrying the rarest blend of all the major antigenic traits, a biological fingerprint that stands at the extreme edge of human variation.

就血統而言，擁有 AB 型陰性就像攜帶著所有主要抗原特徵中最稀有的混合體，一個處於人類變異極端的生物指紋。

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