Name: 英國為什麼會發生內戰？| 歷史簡述 | 動畫歷史 (Why Did England Have a Civil War? | History in a Nutshell | Animated History)
Uploaded: 2025-10-31T17:58:50.000Z
Duration: 4 min 54 s

情態副詞

Between 1642 and 1651, England was torn apart by a bunch of wars between Parliament and Royalists that resulted in the deaths of roughly 190,000 people, including the King of England, Charles I.

在 1642 年到 1651 年間，英格蘭被國會和保皇黨之間的一連串戰爭撕裂，導致約 19 萬人死亡，其中包括英格蘭國王查理一世。

But why did the conflict kick off in the first place?

但這場衝突到底為什麼會爆發呢？

From the moment Charlie's head was crowned in 1625, right up until it was chopped off in 1649, the king was falling out with parliament over three main religion, power and money.

從 1625 年查理戴上皇冠的那一刻起，一直到 1649 年他被砍頭為止，國王在宗教、權力、金錢這三個主要議題上，都和國會鬧翻了。

Religion was one of the big political topics of the day.

宗教是當時一個重要的政治話題。

England had been officially Protestant since 1559, but

自 1559 年起，英格蘭就正式成為新教國家，但

there was plenty of disagreement over what religious worship should involve.

在宗教崇拜應該包含哪些內容上，仍有許多爭議。

Some, like the Puritans and Presbyterians, thought worship should be very plain and serious and that further reformation of the Church was required.

有些人，像是清教徒和長老會，認為崇拜應該非常樸實嚴肅，而且教會需要進一步改革。

But others who had the support of the king held different views and preferred elaborate and ceremonial styles of worship, which Puritans suspected as being too close to Catholic ritual.

但其他有國王支持的人則有不同看法，他們偏好華麗、儀式化的崇拜方式，清教徒懷疑這太接近天主教儀式。

Charles was suspected of being sympathetic to Catholics and even married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, which made him deeply unpopular with the Puritans.

查理一世被懷疑同情天主教徒，甚至娶了天主教徒法國公主亨利埃塔·瑪麗亞，這讓他深受清教徒厭惡。

Charles was a big believer in the divine right of kings, the idea that he'd been handpicked to rule by God himself and that he should rule as he saw fit.

查理一世非常相信君權神授，認為自己是上帝親自挑選的統治者，應該隨心所欲地統治。

The trouble was, many Parliamentarians liked to have their say on how the country was governed.

問題是，許多國會議員喜歡對國家治理方式發表意見。

And while Parliament wasn't as powerful as it is today, with the monarch able to summon or dismiss it at any time, they did have one crucial function, the ability to raise money through tax.

雖然當時國會不像現在這麼有權力，君主可以隨時召集或解散它，但他們有一個關鍵功能，就是透過稅收來籌集金錢。

Charles kicked off his reign with a war against Spain, but the first big expedition ended in failure.

查理一世以對西班牙開戰開始了他的統治，但第一次大規模遠徵以失敗告終。

After the English soldiers got drunk in Cadiz in 1625, an absolutely fuming Parliament refused to grant more taxes for the war, so instead, the King levied a forced loan and imprisoned those who refused to pay.

1625年，英格蘭阿兵哥在加的斯喝醉後，一個極度憤怒的國會拒絕為戰爭提供更多稅收，於是國王徵收了強制貸款，並監禁了拒絕付款的人。

in 1629, Charles simply dismissed Parliament and didn't recall it for another 11 years, deciding that he'd rather go without taxes than deal with his opponents.

1629年，查理乾脆解散了國會，接下來的11年都沒有再召集，他寧可不要稅收也不想跟反對者打交道。

Without taxes, Charles couldn't afford to go to war.

沒有稅收，查理根本沒辦法打仗。

So he decided to exploit old laws to raise revenues and introduced new money making schemes, none of which were popular.

所以他決定利用舊法來籌集收入，並推出一些不受歡迎的新斂財計畫。

And he was still managing to annoy people with his religious policies.

還有，他推行的宗教政策也持續惹惱大家。

In fact, so annoyed were the Scots at being told to use a new Book of Common Prayer that they waged a rebellion against Charles in 1639.

事實上，蘇格蘭人因為被要求使用新的公禱書而非常生氣，於是在1639年向查理發動了叛亂。

Charles recalled Parliament in 16 to raise money for the war, but dismissed it again.

查理在16年召回國會來籌錢打仗，但又再次解散了它。

Three weeks later, then the Scots invaded and occupied most of northern England, leaving Charles no choice but to bring Parliament back once again to pay them off.

三週後，蘇格蘭人入侵並佔領了英格蘭北部大部分地區，查理別無選擇，只能再次召回國會來支付他們。

Parliament was not in the mood to play nice.

They impeached some of the King's key advisors and even executed one of them.

他們彈劾了國王幾位重要的顧問，甚至處決了一位。

Charles agreed to some of their demands, but

查理同意了他們的部分要求，但是

in January 1642, he marched into parliament with 400 soldiers and tried to arrest five of his main opponents.

在1642年1月，他帶著400名阿兵哥闖進國會，試圖逮捕他五位主要的政敵。

This was not a good look for Charles and fearing for the security of his family if they stayed in London, he left the capital and travelled to York for his safety.

這對查理來說一點都不好看，而且他擔心如果留在倫敦，家人的安全會受到威脅，於是他就離開了首都，前往約克尋求安全。

Both sides printed propaganda to rile up their supporters and across the country, cities and regions decided which corner to team Parliament, nicknamed the Roundheads or Team Charles, also known as the Cavaliers.

雙方都印製了宣傳品來激怒支持者，全國各地的城市和地區都決定要加入國會（被暱稱為圓顱黨）或查理這邊（也被稱為騎士黨）的陣營。

It all came to a head on 1 June 1642 when Parliament published the 19 propositions, which proposed religious reforms and sweeping powers for Parliament within the King's government.

到了1642年6月1日，國會發布了「19項提案」，提議進行宗教改革，並賦予國會在國王政府中更大的權力，事情終於到了總爆發的時刻。

Charles rejected it and after a few weeks of skirmishes and scuffles, he raised his standard at Nottingham on 22nd August.

查理拒絕了這項提案，在幾週的零星衝突和拉扯之後，他在8月22日於諾丁罕豎起了他的軍旗。

After years of tension and debate between reform minded parliamentarians and the King, mostly over religion, power and money, England was dragged into the catastrophe and chaos of a full blown civil war.

在經過多年改革派國會議員與國王之間，主要圍繞著宗教、權力和金錢的緊張關係和辯論後，英格蘭被拖入了全面內戰的災難和混亂之中。

As the war progressed, Charles lost battle after battle and eventually lost his head.

隨著戰爭的進行，查理節節敗退，最終丟掉了腦袋。

But the outcome of all the bloodshed didn't last very long.

但這場血腥衝突的結果並沒有持續太久。

After 11 years of England without a monarchy, Charles II was invited back to be king in 1660.

在經歷了11年沒有君主的英格蘭後，查理二世於1660年被邀請回來當國王。

However, he not only had to forgive all those responsible for the civil war, he also had to agree to restrictions on royal power made by Parliament and accepted by his dad back in 1641.

然而，他不僅得原諒所有對內戰負責的人，還得同意國會提出的、以及他父親在1641年就接受的對君主權力的限制。

Charles acceptance of these terms brought about a new era for the monarchy and no future king or queen was would ever rule with the same absolute power again.

查理接受這些條件，為君主制帶來了新時代，未來沒有國王或女王能再享有同樣絕對的權力統治。