Power, dominance, control.

權力、支配地位、控制。

I feel about this.

我覺得這一點。

I feel so insignificant.

我覺得自己是如此的微不足道。

Together these pyramids and the Sphinx and the temples

這些金字塔和獅身人面像以及神廟加在一起

create a landscape of power.

創造一個權力的景觀。

NARRATOR: The huge sculpture protects the necropolis.

旁白：巨大的雕塑保護著這座墓園。

A giant symbol of supremacy believed

一個巨大的至高無上的象徵，相信

by many to have the face of Khufu's son, Khafre,

許多人認為他有胡夫的兒子卡夫雷的臉。

owner of Giza's second largest pyramid.

吉薩第二大金字塔的主人。

Despite many visits here, John has never been up close.

儘管多次訪問這裡，約翰從未近距離接觸過。

Today he's been granted special access

今天，他被授予特殊權限

to explore its enclosure.

來探索它的圍牆。

JOHN: It's absolutely inspiring.

約翰：這絕對是鼓舞人心的。

I mean, it's just jaw-dropping.

我的意思是，這簡直是令人瞠目結舌。

I've waited 50 years to be here, and now I'm here.

我等了50年才來到這裡，現在我在這裡了。

It's just wow.

這實在是令人驚歎。

NARRATOR: 66 feet high, the Sphinx gazes

旁白：66英尺高，斯芬克斯凝視著

east towards the rising sun.

朝著太陽昇起的方向東行。

JOHN: I know what it's like to work with the living rock

約翰：我知道與活石一起工作是什麼感覺

and how to carve it.

以及如何雕刻它。

This would have been a monumental challenge.

這將是一個巨大的挑戰。

They only had copper chisels, wooden mallets.

他們只有銅鑿子、木槌。

It would have been a harsh environment.

那將是一個嚴酷的環境。

This dust would have been everywhere.

這種灰塵本來是無處不在的。

And yet the workmen, the craftsmen, the masons,

然而，工人、工匠、泥瓦匠。

they were all willing participants, loyal to pharaoh.

他們都是自願的參與者，忠於法老。

NARRATOR: It would have taken thousands of people decades

旁白：成千上萬的人花了幾十年的時間才完成這項工作。

to construct the epic monuments of Giza,

來建造吉薩的史詩般的紀念碑。

but there's no evidence the pharaohs

但沒有證據表明法老們

enslaved people to build them.

被奴役的人建造它們。

They didn't draw their power over the people from force.

他們對人民的權力並不是來自於武力。

John believes what stood these kings apart was

約翰認為，使這些國王與眾不同的是

that they inspired devotion.

他們激發了人們的奉獻精神。

The sheer volume of stone has gone into building this,

大量的石頭被用於建造這個。

and each individual block represents the loyalty

而每個單獨的區塊代表著忠誠度

that they had for Pharaoh.

他們為法老所做的。

NARRATOR: The huge monuments of Giza

旁白：吉薩的巨大紀念碑

represent the peak of the pyramid age.

代表金字塔時代的高峰。

So why was nothing built on this scale again?

那麼，為什麼又沒有建立這樣的規模呢？

At the height of Khufu's reign, reliable seasonal rains

在胡夫統治的鼎盛時期，可靠的季節性降雨

fed the crops that ensured Egypt's prosperity.

養活了確保埃及繁榮的農作物。

For three months every year, the Nile

每年有三個月，尼羅河

flooded and inundated the farmland, so farmers

淹沒和淹沒農田，所以農民

couldn't work the fields.

無法在田裡工作。

The farmers were free to help build the King's enormous tomb.

農民們可以自由地幫助建造國王的巨大墓穴。

They believed he kept the gods content and the country fed.

他們相信他使神靈得到滿足，使國家得到食物。

But soon after Khufu completed his pyramid,

但在胡夫完成他的金字塔後不久。

Egypt began to suffer drought.

埃及開始遭受旱災。

As crop yields crashed, so did the taxes coming

隨著農作物產量的下降，稅收也隨之而來。

into the state's treasuries, and despite the free labor

進入國家的國庫，儘管有免費的勞動力

the Giza monuments almost bankrupted Egypt.

吉薩古蹟的建造幾乎使埃及破產。

The people's loyalty began to falter.

人民的忠誠度開始動搖了。

The King's tombs that followed got smaller

隨後的國王陵墓越來越小

while Khufu's Great Pyramid remained, dominating

而胡夫的大金字塔仍然存在，主宰著世界。

the Nile's West Bank.

尼羅河的西岸。

JOHN: The sheer power that he held

他所擁有的純粹的力量

is absolutely unbelievable.

絕對令人難以置信。

NARRATOR: It was a power his struggling successors

旁白：這是他掙扎著的繼任者的權力。

were desperate to replicate.

他們急於複製。

At Abu Ghurab Italian archeologist

在阿布古拉布，意大利考古學家

Massimiliano Nuzzola wants to know

馬西米利亞諾-努佐拉想知道

how the kings of the pyramid age held onto power as their wealth

金字塔時代的國王如何在財富中掌握權力

and status declined.

和地位下降。

He has spent his entire career trying to understand a very

他的整個職業生涯都在試圖瞭解一個非常

different monumental structure.

不同的紀念性結構。

An enigma whose mysteries captured

一個謎，它的神祕性俘獲了

his imagination in his very first student course

在他的第一個學生課程中，他的想象力

in Egyptology.

在埃及學中。

This enormous scatter of ancient rubble

這個巨大的古代瓦礫的散落物

was once a sun temple dedicated to the most powerful

曾經是一座太陽神廟，供奉著最強大的

god of the pyramid age.

金字塔時代的神。

MASSIMILLIANO NUZZOLA: Each king wanted a pyramid

馬西米利亞諾-努佐拉：每個國王都想要一座金字塔

for achieving his resurrection but this

為實現他的復活，但這

was not enough for the five dynastic kings.

對五個王朝的國王來說是不夠的。

They wanted something more.

他們想要更多的東西。

The king built this place to turn himself into a god.

國王建造這個地方是為了把自己變成一個神。

The sun god.

太陽神。

NARRATOR: The Pharaoh Nyuserre didn't just

旁白：法老Nyuserre並不只是

want to become divine in death.

想在死亡中成為神性。

He built this temple because he wanted

他建造這座聖殿是因為他想

to be worshipped as a god while he was still alive.

在他還活著的時候就被當作神來崇拜。

Rising from the desert was an enormous obelisk,

從沙漠中升起的是一座巨大的方尖碑。

the centerpiece of the temple.

寺廟的中心部分。

It was not a traditional slender stone needle,

這不是傳統的細長石針。

but shaped more like a pyramid.

但形狀更像一個金字塔。

Monumental walls enclosed it creating

紀念碑式的圍牆創造了

a courtyard in which people could come to worship the sun.

一個院子，人們可以來這裡敬拜太陽。

The temple aligned perfectly on an east west

該寺廟完美地排列在東西兩側

axis with the path of the sun.

圍繞著太陽的運行軌跡的軸線。

So on the summer solstice every year,

所以在每年的夏至日。

the sun rose through the entrance,

太陽從入口處升起。

traveled directly over the obelisk,

直接在方尖碑上行駛。

and set at the Western end.

並設置在西端。

This alignment is identical to that of the pyramids.

這種排列方式與金字塔的排列方式相同。

Records suggest that six of the pharaohs who followed Khufu

記錄顯示，在胡夫之後的六位法老中

decided to build a sun temple as well as their pyramid

決定在建造金字塔的同時也建造一座太陽神廟

to underline their divine status to the people of Egypt.

以強調他們對埃及人民的神性地位。

But almost all of these temples are lost.

但這些寺廟幾乎都已失傳。

MASSIMILLIANO NUZZOLA: We know that there were

MASSIMILLIANO NUZZOLA：我們知道，有

six sun temples, and we actually so far

六座太陽神廟，而我們實際上到目前為止

have discovered only two.

目前只發現了兩個。

NARRATOR: Max hopes excavating this sun temple will shed light

旁白：麥克斯希望挖掘這座太陽神廟能給人們帶來啟示。

on these kings power, and perhaps

對這些國王的權力，也許還有

help him crack one of the biggest mysteries in Egyptology

幫助他破解埃及學中最大的謎團之一

and find the other missing sun temples.

並找到其他失蹤的太陽神廟。

The problem is, Max is not the first to decode

問題是，麥克斯不是第一個解碼的人。

this structure's secrets.

這個結構的祕密。

Early Egyptologists excavated here more than 100 years ago,

早期的埃及學家在100多年前就在這裡進行了挖掘。

and left a mess of archaeological confusion

並留下了考古學上的混亂局面

in their wake.

在他們之後。

Well, this find is amazing because it's

嗯，這個發現是驚人的，因為它是

a cover of matches left by the archaeologists

火柴盒

during their work.

在他們工作期間。

NARRATOR: Along with their discarded matchboxes,

旁白：和他們丟棄的火柴盒一起。

early 20th century excavators left 4,500 year old pottery

20世紀初的挖掘者留下了4500年前的陶器

scattered across the site.

分散在整個場地。

As you can see here, this area of the temple

正如你在這裡看到的，寺廟的這個區域

is full of pot shells.

充滿了鍋底。

But unfortunately this material is completely useless for us

但不幸的是，這些材料對我們來說完全沒有用處。

because it's out of a secure context.

因為它已經脫離了安全的環境。

Cannot tell us anything about the life of the temple.

不能告訴我們關於神廟生活的任何情況。

NARRATOR: If Max can find undisturbed artifacts,

旁白：如果麥克斯能找到未被破壞的文物。

they might reveal clues the first archeologists missed.

他們可能會發現第一批考古學家錯過的線索。

Even the smallest of finds could be

即使是最小的發現也可能是

crucial in the hunt for the lost sun temples of the pyramid age.

在尋找金字塔時代失落的太陽神廟的過程中至關重要。

[music playing]

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