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  • These iconic monuments are just shouting, screaming at us.

    這些標誌性的紀念碑只是在呼喊,向我們喊話。

  • Power, dominance, control.

    權力、支配地位、控制。

  • I feel about this.

    我覺得這一點。

  • I feel so insignificant.

    我覺得自己是如此的微不足道。

  • Together these pyramids and the Sphinx and the temples

    這些金字塔和獅身人面像以及神廟加在一起

  • create a landscape of power.

    創造一個權力的景觀。

  • NARRATOR: The huge sculpture protects the necropolis.

    旁白:巨大的雕塑保護著這座墓園。

  • A giant symbol of supremacy believed

    一個巨大的至高無上的象徵,相信

  • by many to have the face of Khufu's son, Khafre,

    許多人認為他有胡夫的兒子卡夫雷的臉。

  • owner of Giza's second largest pyramid.

    吉薩第二大金字塔的主人。

  • Despite many visits here, John has never been up close.

    儘管多次訪問這裡,約翰從未近距離接觸過。

  • Today he's been granted special access

    今天,他被授予特殊權限

  • to explore its enclosure.

    來探索它的圍牆。

  • JOHN: It's absolutely inspiring.

    約翰:這絕對是鼓舞人心的。

  • I mean, it's just jaw-dropping.

    我的意思是,這簡直是令人瞠目結舌。

  • I've waited 50 years to be here, and now I'm here.

    我等了50年才來到這裡,現在我在這裡了。

  • It's just wow.

    這實在是令人驚歎。

  • NARRATOR: 66 feet high, the Sphinx gazes

    旁白:66英尺高,斯芬克斯凝視著

  • east towards the rising sun.

    朝著太陽昇起的方向東行。

  • JOHN: I know what it's like to work with the living rock

    約翰:我知道與活石一起工作是什麼感覺

  • and how to carve it.

    以及如何雕刻它。

  • This would have been a monumental challenge.

    這將是一個巨大的挑戰。

  • They only had copper chisels, wooden mallets.

    他們只有銅鑿子、木槌。

  • It would have been a harsh environment.

    那將是一個嚴酷的環境。

  • This dust would have been everywhere.

    這種灰塵本來是無處不在的。

  • And yet the workmen, the craftsmen, the masons,

    然而,工人、工匠、泥瓦匠。

  • they were all willing participants, loyal to pharaoh.

    他們都是自願的參與者,忠於法老。

  • NARRATOR: It would have taken thousands of people decades

    旁白:成千上萬的人花了幾十年的時間才完成這項工作。

  • to construct the epic monuments of Giza,

    來建造吉薩的史詩般的紀念碑。

  • but there's no evidence the pharaohs

    但沒有證據表明法老們

  • enslaved people to build them.

    被奴役的人建造它們。

  • They didn't draw their power over the people from force.

    他們對人民的權力並不是來自於武力。

  • John believes what stood these kings apart was

    約翰認為,使這些國王與眾不同的是

  • that they inspired devotion.

    他們激發了人們的奉獻精神。

  • The sheer volume of stone has gone into building this,

    大量的石頭被用於建造這個。

  • and each individual block represents the loyalty

    而每個單獨的區塊代表著忠誠度

  • that they had for Pharaoh.

    他們為法老所做的。

  • NARRATOR: The huge monuments of Giza

    旁白:吉薩的巨大紀念碑

  • represent the peak of the pyramid age.

    代表金字塔時代的高峰。

  • So why was nothing built on this scale again?

    那麼,為什麼又沒有建立這樣的規模呢?

  • At the height of Khufu's reign, reliable seasonal rains

    在胡夫統治的鼎盛時期,可靠的季節性降雨

  • fed the crops that ensured Egypt's prosperity.

    養活了確保埃及繁榮的農作物。

  • For three months every year, the Nile

    每年有三個月,尼羅河

  • flooded and inundated the farmland, so farmers

    淹沒和淹沒農田,所以農民

  • couldn't work the fields.

    無法在田裡工作。

  • The farmers were free to help build the King's enormous tomb.

    農民們可以自由地幫助建造國王的巨大墓穴。

  • They believed he kept the gods content and the country fed.

    他們相信他使神靈得到滿足,使國家得到食物。

  • But soon after Khufu completed his pyramid,

    但在胡夫完成他的金字塔後不久。

  • Egypt began to suffer drought.

    埃及開始遭受旱災。

  • As crop yields crashed, so did the taxes coming

    隨著農作物產量的下降,稅收也隨之而來。

  • into the state's treasuries, and despite the free labor

    進入國家的國庫,儘管有免費的勞動力

  • the Giza monuments almost bankrupted Egypt.

    吉薩古蹟的建造幾乎使埃及破產。

  • The people's loyalty began to falter.

    人民的忠誠度開始動搖了。

  • The King's tombs that followed got smaller

    隨後的國王陵墓越來越小

  • while Khufu's Great Pyramid remained, dominating

    而胡夫的大金字塔仍然存在,主宰著世界。

  • the Nile's West Bank.

    尼羅河的西岸。

  • JOHN: The sheer power that he held

    他所擁有的純粹的力量

  • is absolutely unbelievable.

    絕對令人難以置信。

  • NARRATOR: It was a power his struggling successors

    旁白:這是他掙扎著的繼任者的權力。

  • were desperate to replicate.

    他們急於複製。

  • At Abu Ghurab Italian archeologist

    在阿布古拉布,意大利考古學家

  • Massimiliano Nuzzola wants to know

    馬西米利亞諾-努佐拉想知道

  • how the kings of the pyramid age held onto power as their wealth

    金字塔時代的國王如何在財富中掌握權力

  • and status declined.

    和地位下降。

  • He has spent his entire career trying to understand a very

    他的整個職業生涯都在試圖瞭解一個非常

  • different monumental structure.

    不同的紀念性結構。

  • An enigma whose mysteries captured

    一個謎,它的神祕性俘獲了

  • his imagination in his very first student course

    在他的第一個學生課程中,他的想象力

  • in Egyptology.

    在埃及學中。

  • This enormous scatter of ancient rubble

    這個巨大的古代瓦礫的散落物

  • was once a sun temple dedicated to the most powerful

    曾經是一座太陽神廟,供奉著最強大的

  • god of the pyramid age.

    金字塔時代的神。

  • MASSIMILLIANO NUZZOLA: Each king wanted a pyramid

    馬西米利亞諾-努佐拉:每個國王都想要一座金字塔

  • for achieving his resurrection but this

    為實現他的復活,但這

  • was not enough for the five dynastic kings.

    對五個王朝的國王來說是不夠的。

  • They wanted something more.

    他們想要更多的東西。

  • The king built this place to turn himself into a god.

    國王建造這個地方是為了把自己變成一個神。

  • The sun god.

    太陽神。

  • NARRATOR: The Pharaoh Nyuserre didn't just

    旁白:法老Nyuserre並不只是

  • want to become divine in death.

    想在死亡中成為神性。

  • He built this temple because he wanted

    他建造這座聖殿是因為他想

  • to be worshipped as a god while he was still alive.

    在他還活著的時候就被當作神來崇拜。

  • Rising from the desert was an enormous obelisk,

    從沙漠中升起的是一座巨大的方尖碑。

  • the centerpiece of the temple.

    寺廟的中心部分。

  • It was not a traditional slender stone needle,

    這不是傳統的細長石針。

  • but shaped more like a pyramid.

    但形狀更像一個金字塔。

  • Monumental walls enclosed it creating

    紀念碑式的圍牆創造了

  • a courtyard in which people could come to worship the sun.

    一個院子,人們可以來這裡敬拜太陽。

  • The temple aligned perfectly on an east west

    該寺廟完美地排列在東西兩側

  • axis with the path of the sun.

    圍繞著太陽的運行軌跡的軸線。

  • So on the summer solstice every year,

    所以在每年的夏至日。

  • the sun rose through the entrance,

    太陽從入口處升起。

  • traveled directly over the obelisk,

    直接在方尖碑上行駛。

  • and set at the Western end.

    並設置在西端。

  • This alignment is identical to that of the pyramids.

    這種排列方式與金字塔的排列方式相同。

  • Records suggest that six of the pharaohs who followed Khufu

    記錄顯示,在胡夫之後的六位法老中

  • decided to build a sun temple as well as their pyramid

    決定在建造金字塔的同時也建造一座太陽神廟

  • to underline their divine status to the people of Egypt.

    以強調他們對埃及人民的神性地位。

  • But almost all of these temples are lost.

    但這些寺廟幾乎都已失傳。

  • MASSIMILLIANO NUZZOLA: We know that there were

    MASSIMILLIANO NUZZOLA:我們知道,有

  • six sun temples, and we actually so far

    六座太陽神廟,而我們實際上到目前為止

  • have discovered only two.

    目前只發現了兩個。

  • NARRATOR: Max hopes excavating this sun temple will shed light

    旁白:麥克斯希望挖掘這座太陽神廟能給人們帶來啟示。

  • on these kings power, and perhaps

    對這些國王的權力,也許還有

  • help him crack one of the biggest mysteries in Egyptology

    幫助他破解埃及學中最大的謎團之一

  • and find the other missing sun temples.

    並找到其他失蹤的太陽神廟。

  • The problem is, Max is not the first to decode

    問題是,麥克斯不是第一個解碼的人。

  • this structure's secrets.

    這個結構的祕密。

  • Early Egyptologists excavated here more than 100 years ago,

    早期的埃及學家在100多年前就在這裡進行了挖掘。

  • and left a mess of archaeological confusion

    並留下了考古學上的混亂局面

  • in their wake.

    在他們之後。

  • Well, this find is amazing because it's

    嗯,這個發現是驚人的,因為它是

  • a cover of matches left by the archaeologists

    火柴盒

  • during their work.

    在他們工作期間。

  • NARRATOR: Along with their discarded matchboxes,

    旁白:和他們丟棄的火柴盒一起。

  • early 20th century excavators left 4,500 year old pottery

    20世紀初的挖掘者留下了4500年前的陶器

  • scattered across the site.

    分散在整個場地。

  • As you can see here, this area of the temple

    正如你在這裡看到的,寺廟的這個區域

  • is full of pot shells.

    充滿了鍋底。

  • But unfortunately this material is completely useless for us

    但不幸的是,這些材料對我們來說完全沒有用處。

  • because it's out of a secure context.

    因為它已經脫離了安全的環境。

  • Cannot tell us anything about the life of the temple.

    不能告訴我們關於神廟生活的任何情況。

  • NARRATOR: If Max can find undisturbed artifacts,

    旁白:如果麥克斯能找到未被破壞的文物。

  • they might reveal clues the first archeologists missed.

    他們可能會發現第一批考古學家錯過的線索。

  • Even the smallest of finds could be

    即使是最小的發現也可能是

  • crucial in the hunt for the lost sun temples of the pyramid age.

    在尋找金字塔時代失落的太陽神廟的過程中至關重要。

  • [music playing]

    [音樂響起]

These iconic monuments are just shouting, screaming at us.

這些標誌性的紀念碑只是在呼喊,向我們喊話。

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