Name: 【TED】茱莉亞達爾: 如何用有生產力的方式來表示不同意，並找到共同點 (How to disagree productively and find common ground | Julia Dhar)
Uploaded: 2018-12-10T21:16:01.000Z
Duration: 14 min 57 s

Some days, it feels like the only thing we can agree on

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: congmei Han

有些時候，感覺起來， 我們唯一能夠取得的共識就是

基礎被動語態

panelists on TV are screaming at each other,

we go online to find community and connection,

電視節目上的與談人 對著彼此嚷叫，

and we end up leaving feeling angry and alienated.

In everyday life, probably because everyone else is yelling,

最後卻感到格格不入， 氣呼呼地離開。

在日常生活中， 可能因為每個人都在吼叫，

My mission in life is to help us disagree productively.

To find ways to bring truth to light, to bring new ideas to life.

我人生的任務就是要協助我們 用有生產力的方式來表示不同意。

找到方式，將真相揭露出來， 讓新想法有生存空間。

that there is a model for structured disagreement

有一個模型可用來 有結構地表示不同意，

and assumes a genuine desire to persuade and be persuaded.

And to uncover it, let me take you back a little bit.

並且假設雙方都是真心 想要去說服和被說服。

So, when I was 10 years old, I loved arguing.

在揭開它的面紗之前， 讓我先帶各位回首一下過去。

that you could convince someone of your point of view,

my parents and teachers loved this somewhat less.

我的父母和老師就沒有 這麼喜歡這件事了。

that four-year-old Julia might benefit from gymnastics to burn off some energy,

they decided that I might benefit from joining a debate team.

四歲的我用練體操 來消耗一些能量會比較好，

That is, kind of, go somewhere to argue where they were not.

他們也認定我加入 辯論小組會比較好。

這有點像是，去他們 看不見的地方爭論。

the premises of formal debate are really straightforward:

對於不諳此道的人來說， 正式辯論的前提是非常直接的：

有一個很大的想法被提出來——

that we support civil disobedience, that we favor free trade --

可能是我們支持公民不服從， 可能是我們偏好自由貿易——

and one group of people who speaks in favor of that idea,

我的第一次辯論是在坎培拉女子 文法學校中空落的會堂裡進行，

in the cavernous auditorium of Canberra Girls Grammar School

我差不多把你在 有線電視新聞上所看到

was kind of a bundle of all of the worst mistakes

所有最糟糕的錯誤通通都犯了。

我覺得，攻擊在做 論述的人比較容易，

It felt easier to me to attack the person making the argument

攻擊想法本身的本質比較困難。

rather than the substance of the ideas themselves.

When that same person challenged my ideas,

感覺很差，我會覺得 被羞辱且很丟臉。

it felt terrible, I felt humiliated and ashamed.

我覺得，在那樣的情況下， 最老練的反應

And it felt to me like the sophisticated response to that

雖然我的這次入場踉踉蹌蹌， 我還是很愛辯論。

And despite this very shaky entry into the world of debate, I loved it.

我看見了可能性， 在許多年的非常努力之後，

I saw the possibility, and over many years worked really hard at it,

我對於辯論的技藝變得非常在行。

became really skilled at the technical craft of debate.

我接著在世界中學辯論大賽 三次奪冠。

I went on to win the World Schools Debating Championships three times.

我知道，你們剛剛才知道 原來有這種東西。

I know, you're just finding out that this is a thing.

But it wasn't until I started coaching debaters,

persuaders who are really at the top of their game,

要影響別人，其實 需要的是找到共同點。

The way that you reach people is by finding common ground.

重點是要把想法和身分拆開來看，

辯論是一種將對話整理起來的方式，

Debate is a way to organize conversations about how the world is, could, should be.

關於「世界是怎樣的／世界能變成 怎樣／應該是怎樣的」的對話。

換一種方式來說明， 我很樂意將我的指南提供給各位，

I would love to offer you my experience-backed,

evidence-tested guide to talking to your cousin about politics

能幫助你在下次的家庭聚餐上 和你的表親談政治；

知道你的團隊要改用什麼方式 來針對新的提案做辯論；

reorganizing the way in which your team debates new proposals;

並思考我們要如何改變 我們的公眾對話。

thinking about how we change our public conversation.

辯論需要我們去和衝突的想法交手，

debate requires that we engage with the conflicting idea,

直接面對面交手，且不失尊重。

它的想法是，你提出一項主張， 我提供一個回應，

The idea that you make a claim and I provide a response,

沒有反駁就不是辯論， 只是自以為是地說話。

Without rebuttal, it's not debate, it's just pontificating.

原本，在我的想像中， 最成功的辯論者，

And I had originally imagined that the most successful debaters,

They must have some magical ability to make the polarizing palatable.

And it took me a really long time to figure out

我花了好長的時間，才了解到，

People who disagree the most productively start by finding common ground,

用最有生產力的方式表示不同意的人，

They identify the thing that we can all agree on

他們會找出大家都能認同的點，

the right to an education, equality between all people,

受教育的權利、所有人的平等、

into what psychologists call shared reality.

他們在做的，是邀請我們 進入心理學家所謂的共同現實。

And shared reality is the antidote to alternative facts.

那就是辯論之所以稱為辯論的原因。

Shared reality just gives us a platform to start to talk about it.

共同現實只是給我們一個平台， 讓我們能夠開始談事情。

But the trick of debate is that you end up doing it directly,

但辯論的竅門是，你最後會直接

And research backs up that that really matters.

研究支持這一點， 證明它真的很重要。

Professor Juliana Schroeder at UC Berkeley and her colleagues

加州大學柏克萊分校的 茱莉安娜施羅德教授和她的同事

have research that suggests that listening to someone's voice

所做的研究顯示，當一個人 在說明有爭議性的論點時，

傾聽他的表述，才是真正的有人性。

才會更容易去應對他所說的話。

It makes it easier to engage with what that person has to say.

So, step away from the keyboards, start conversing.

如果我們把那個概念 再擴大一點點，

And if we are to expand that notion a little bit,

沒有什麼能阻止我們按下暫停鍵，

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【TED】茱莉亞達爾: 如何用有生產力的方式來表示不同意，並找到共同點 (How to disagree productively and find common ground | Julia Dhar)

engage

debate

controversial

evidence