Name: 【TED】弗朗西斯-柯林斯：我們需要更好的藥物--現在我們需要更好的藥物--現在（Francis Collins：We need better drugs -- now）。 (【TED】Francis Collins: We need better drugs -- now (Francis Collins: We need better drugs -- now))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:51:55.000Z
Duration: 14 min 41 s

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

祈使句型

基礎數量詞

How many people here are over the age of 48?

因為如果當你看到這張幻燈片上 美國人的預期壽命，

because if you look at this particular slide of U.S. life expectancy,

you are now in excess of the average life span

但看看在這個世紀裏發生了什麼事。

But look what happened in the course of that century.

you'll see that it starts way down there.

這一年出生的小孩，預估平均壽命為 79 歲，

average life expectancy of a child born today, age 79,

說穿了大概就是 4,000 種，這是非常了不起的，

Turns out it's about 4,000, which is pretty amazing,

because most of those molecular discoveries

have just happened in the last little while.

從已知的觀點，很興奮可以看到這樣的結果，

It's exciting to see that in terms of what we've learned,

但是 4000 種疾病中，有多少疾病

所以我們面對著非常巨大的挑戰，巨大的差距。

So we have this huge challenge, this huge gap.

您可能會想這件事也不會太困難，

You would think this wouldn't be too hard,

to take this fundamental information that we're learning

關於基礎生物學是如何告訴我們的

about how it is that basic biology teaches us

以及在一條大壕溝的上面蓋一座橋樑，

and build a bridge across this yawning gap

between what we've learned about basic science

a bridge that would look maybe something like this,

我們必須建一條優良的康莊大道

where you'd have to put together a nice shiny way

嗯，是不是如果這麼簡單就太好了?

Well, wouldn't it be nice if it was that easy?

In reality, trying to go from fundamental knowledge

走向該知識的實際應用，更像是這樣。

and the rains come and the lightning flashes,

and oh my gosh, there are sharks in the water

and that tugboat, well, it hit the rocks,

如果你幸運的話，剛好有人要過去。

and maybe if you're lucky, somebody gets across.

Well, what is it to make a therapeutic, anyway?

氧分子、 氮分子、 和其它幾個原子

and it's those shapes that determine whether, in fact,

決定是否某種特定的藥物可擊中目標。

that particular drug is going to hit its target.

Is it going to land where it's supposed to?

看看這張照片 -- 各位的周遭都有很多這種形狀在跳舞。

So look at this picture here -- a lot of shapes dancing around for you.

現在你需要做什麼，如果你想要探索

Now what you need to do, if you're trying to develop

是在混和之中找到正確的形狀，

最終會帶來好處，而且很安全。

that will ultimately provide benefit and will be safe.

And when you look at what happens to that pipeline,

最終，也許您可以對其中的 4~5 項做臨床試驗，

Ultimately, maybe you can run a clinical trial with four or five of these,

如果一切順利，在你開始14 年後，

and if all goes well, 14 years after you started,

And it will cost you upwards of a billion dollars

所以我們必須用一種工程師的思維看看這條管線，

So we have to look at this pipeline the way an engineer would,

這就是今天早上要對各位說的主題。

And that's the main theme of what I want to say to you this morning.

Well, let me tell you about a few examples

一個案例是幾個月前才發生的事情

One that has just happened in the last few months

一項針對 "囊狀纖維化" 的藥物成功取得審批。

is the successful approval of a drug for cystic fibrosis.

但是已經花了很長一段時間才得到。

"囊狀纖維化" 已於1989 年發現其分子層的成因。

Cystic fibrosis had its molecular cause discovered in 1989

經由我的團隊與位於多倫多的團隊一起合作

by my group working with another group in Toronto,

discovering what the mutation was in a particular gene

and it's also the year where Danny got married,

where we have, for the first time, the approval by the FDA

一種藥物可精確地修復"囊狀纖維化"的缺陷

【TED】弗朗西斯-柯林斯：我們需要更好的藥物--現在我們需要更好的藥物--現在（Francis Collins：We need better drugs -- now）。 (【TED】Francis Collins: We need better drugs -- now (Francis Collins: We need better drugs -- now))

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【TED】弗朗西斯-柯林斯：我們需要更好的藥物--現在我們需要更好的藥物--現在（Francis Collins：We need better drugs -- now）。 (【TED】Francis Collins: We need better drugs -- now (Francis Collins: We need better drugs -- now))

ultimately

individual

applause

effort