Name: 俄羅斯如何透過黑海戰略，主導對烏克蘭的戰爭？| DW 新聞 (How central control of the Black Sea is in Russia's war against Ukraine | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-01-02T17:01:09.000Z
Duration: 7 min 59 s

情態副詞

After almost four years following the start of Russia's full scale war against Ukraine, the waters of the Black Sea are believed to be the most heavily mined in the world.

俄羅斯對烏克蘭發動全面戰爭近四年後，黑海海域據信是全球佈雷最嚴重的地區。

Downed missiles and drones also pose a threat to ships and the civilians living along Ukraine's beaches.

墜毀的飛彈和無人機也對船隻以及居住在烏克蘭海灘的平民構成威脅。

DW's Nick Conley put out to sea with a Ukrainian naval crew trawling for an explosive catch.

DW 的 Nick Conley 與烏克蘭海軍船員一同出海，進行爆炸性捕獲物的拖網捕撈。

We're heading out into the open sea from Odessa, Ukraine's last major port not occupied by Russia.

我們正從烏克蘭最後一個未被俄羅斯佔領的主要港口敖德薩駛向公海。

We can't show you the city or the port behind us.

我們無法向各位展示我們身後的城市或港口。

Odessa is already under near daily Russian attack.

敖德薩已處於俄羅斯幾乎每日攻擊之下。

Ukrainian military worries that any detail shown here could help direct those Russian strikes.

烏克蘭軍方擔心，這裡顯示的任何細節都可能幫助俄羅斯鎖定攻擊目標。

This is currently one of the most dangerous stretches of water in the world.

這目前是世界上最危險的海域之一。

It is also because of downed missiles, downed drones, and

還有墜毀的飛彈、墜毀的無人機，

trying to find those drones, drones and destroy them before they do any damage.

試圖找出那些無人機，並在它們造成任何損害前將其摧毀。

Civilian ships, people of the beaches is the task for these Iranian sort of units today.

民用船隻、海灘上的人們，這就是這些伊朗式部隊今天的任務。

The team has just received the coordinates of an unidentified object sighted on the sea floor.

團隊剛收到在海底發現的未識別物體的座標。

They're sending a drone rather than a diver to investigate.

他們派出一架無人機，而不是潛水員去調查。

Sea Fox is ready to launch and we're ready as well.

Sea Fox 已準備好發射，我們也準備好了。

It looks like a piece of missile fuselage.

You can see it's already covered with shells.

你可以看到它已經佈滿了砲彈。

我可以判斷這是一枚飛彈的一部分。

But we'll only be able to tell if it's still dangerous, whether there's still explosives in here once we get the footage from the other camera.

但我們得等到從另一臺攝影機取得畫面後，才能確定它是否仍然危險，裡面是否還有爆炸物。

Today's catch doesn't need to be destroyed immediately.

Experts back on land will review the footage and decide what to do.

陸上的專家會檢視畫面，決定下一步怎麼做。

If you spend a few days in Odessa, you'll notice just how many air alerts we have here, how much there is flying over the city.

如果你在敖德薩待幾天，你會注意到這裡的空襲警報有多頻繁，有多少飛行物飛越城市。

The Black Sea is the most heavily mined sea in the world right now.

黑海是目前世界上佈滿最多海雷的海域。

Sometimes though, a mine or a downed missile has to be destroyed in a hurry.

不過，有時候海雷或墜毀的飛彈就必須趕快處理掉。

If it's a threat to a shipping lane, divers go down to perform a controlled detonation.

如果威脅到航運通道，潛水員就會下去執行引爆。

The crew tell us they sometimes have to sacrifice a drone to carry out the kamikaze mission.

船員告訴我們，他們有時候必須犧牲一架無人機來執行自殺任務。

But technology has yet to replace humans completely.

Some missions still require divers and their know how.

有些任務還是需要潛水員和他們的專業知識。

In spite of the risks, the danger for these divers isn't just from the mines and the missiles underwater.

不過，儘管有風險，這些潛水員面臨的危險不只來自水下的海雷和墜毀的飛彈。

Right now, the divers are having to wait because there is essentially a traffic jam out at sea.

現在，潛水員們得等等，因為公海上出現了交通壅塞。

Many of the foreign ships heading for the port of Odessa are simply choosing to ignore the warnings that Demining is going on in this part of the sea and are coming too close for the divers to do their job.

許多開往敖德薩港的外國船隻，根本不理會這裡正在進行海雷清除的警告，離得太近，讓潛水員無法作業。

This time it's a false alarm, nothing dangerous, just some scrap metal.

這次是虛驚一場，沒有危險的東西，只是一些廢金屬。

Crew have to respond to any credible report of an unidentified object.

船員必須回應任何可信的未識別物體報告。

Often enough that ends up being a fridge or other rubbish brought in by the currents.

很多時候，最後發現只是被洋流帶來的冰箱或其他垃圾。

When they do find explosives, it's not just this war's mines they're clearing up.

當他們找到爆炸物時，清除的也不只是這場戰爭的海雷。

If we're still finding mines from World War II and sometimes even from World War I, that tells you how many years of work we have ahead of us.

如果我們還在找到二次世界大戰，甚至有時是一次世界大戰的海雷，這就告訴我們還有多少年的工作等著我們。

If the war were to end tomorrow, the crew tell us they'd likely still have another 8 to 10 years work ahead of them to clear the seas off Odessa.

如果戰爭明天就結束，船員告訴我們，他們可能還需要八到十年才能清除敖德薩附近的海域。

With no end to the war in sight, these crews and their work are here to stay.

戰爭看不到盡頭，這些船員和他們的工作將會持續下去。

She is a senior research fellow with the Russia and Eurasia program at Chatham House and joins us from Oxford.

她是 Chatham House 俄羅斯與歐亞計畫的高級研究員，從牛津連線。

Natalie, we've just seen how contested and dangerous the waters off Odessa have been become.

Natalie，我們剛才看到敖德薩附近海域變得多麼充滿爭議且危險。

How central is control of the Black Sea for the parties in this war?

對這場戰爭的各方來說，控制黑海有多重要？

It is the key theater of war at the moment.

And we have to remember Russia's war on Ukraine actually started with the annexation of Crimea.

而且我們必須記得，俄羅斯對烏克蘭的戰爭實際上是以併吞克里米亞開始的。

Russia felt that it absolutely has to own the peninsula which is the seat of its Black Sea fleet.

俄羅斯認為它絕對必須擁有這個半島，因為這是它黑海艦隊的所在地。

And it is also directly tied to Russia's global ambitions.

這也直接關係到俄羅斯的全球野心。

This is a kilo logistical hub for Russia for its operations beyond the region, particularly was essential for its operations in Syria and then to Africa.

這是俄羅斯在該區域以外行動的關鍵後勤樞紐，對於它在敘利亞以及之後在非洲的行動至關重要。

So Russia's global ambitions are tied to the control of the Black Sea and the victory in Ukraine is directly linked to this.

所以俄羅斯的全球野心與控制黑海息息相關，而贏得烏克蘭的戰爭也直接與此連結。

And I would say part of the reason why Russia is not agreeing to a ceasefire or to ending of this war is because it feels that its objectives around controlling the sea have not yet been achieved.

我認為俄羅斯之所以不同意停火或結束這場戰爭，部分原因在於它覺得自己控制海洋的目標尚未達成。

Now, it is also essential for Ukraine because if Ukraine loses its access to the Black Sea, it will be a huge impact on its viability as a state and on its economy.

現在，這對烏克蘭來說也至關重要，因為如果烏克蘭失去黑海的進出權，將對其國家生存能力及其經濟造成巨大影響。

So Ukraine is fighting very much to defend its coast and it has been extremely successful.

所以烏克蘭非常努力地在保衛它的海岸線，而且非常成功。

In fact, Russia was defeated at sea and this is also one of the reasons why it wants to regain its positions.

事實上，俄羅斯在海上被打敗了，這也是它想重拾陣地的原因之一。

And another key player out of all the other literal states is, of course, Turkey, which is also interested in keeping its positions in the Black Sea.

而其他國家中另一個關鍵參與者，當然就是土耳其，它也對維持其在黑海的地位感興趣。

Its fleet now is one of the largest and it is considered to be the gatekeeper of the Black Sea because it controls access to the straits.

它的艦隊現在是最大的之一，被認為是黑海的守門人，因為它控制著海峽的進出。

So the situation that allowed Ukraine to mount that effective asymmetric campaign against Russian fleet was the fact that the straits are closed to belligerent vessels and Russia cannot reinforce its fleet at the moment.

是以，讓烏克蘭能夠對俄羅斯艦隊發動有效不對稱戰役的情況是，海峽對交戰國的船隻關閉，而俄羅斯目前無法增援其艦隊。

Now civilian shipping continues on the Black Sea despite the risks.

現在，儘管存在風險，黑海上的民用航運仍在繼續。

From a security perspective, how difficult is it to keep trade moving there while avoiding escalation at sea?

從安全角度來看，在避免海上衝突升級的同時，要如何維持那裡的貿易順暢呢？

As your reporter said, it is one of the most dangerous bodies of water.

正如您的記者所說，這是最危險的水域之一。

It is essential for Ukraine to keep civilian shipping because Ukraine, as you know, is one of the largest exporter of wheat.

烏克蘭維持民用航運至關重要，因為如您所知，烏克蘭是最大的小麥出口國之一。

And so it has been assured at the moment that the export continues.

是以，目前已確保出口能夠持續進行。

But this continuous attacks make it very difficult.

但這些持續的攻擊讓情況變得非常困難。

So everybody except Russia at the moment are interested in keeping the trade routes open.

所以，目前除了俄羅斯之外，所有國家都對維持貿易路線開放感興趣。

And it is, as I said, absolutely essential for Ukraine.

而且，正如我所說，這對烏克蘭來說絕對是至關重要的。

However, Black Sea has also become, you know, the area where Russia's shadow fleet is operating.

不過，黑海也成了俄羅斯影子艦隊運作的區域。

So there is an increasing tit for tat at the moment.

In the last two months, as Ukraine intensified its attacks on the shadow fleet because they are used to basically avoid Western sanctions, Russia is retaliating.

在過去兩個月，由於烏克蘭加強了對影子艦隊的攻擊，因為它們基本上是用來規避西方制裁，俄羅斯正在反擊。

There's been a lot of attack on Odessa and surrounding ports that are mainly used for exports.

奧德賽及其周邊港口遭受了大量攻擊，這些港口主要用於出口。

所以這裡是一個貿易的中心區域。

Oil, wheat, and it is also essential for the global food security.

石油、小麥，而且這對全球糧食安全也至關重要。

So this is a key area not only for military confrontation, but

所以這裡不僅是軍事對抗的關鍵區域，

also how the for the regional disruption potentially.

也可能對區域造成潛在的動盪。