Name: 金磚國家：新全球秩序的崛起？ (BRICS: The Rise of a New Global Order?)
Uploaded: 2025-12-29T00:29:23.000Z
Duration: 9 min 30 s

This is a story about how the world's most powerful, richest country is slowly losing its influence.

這是一個關於世界上最有權勢、最富有的國家如何逐漸失去影響力的故事。

程度副詞

And it's evident here we can see across Brazil, thousands of Ford cars almost disappear.

而且在這裡我們可以看到，巴西有成千上萬的 Ford 汽車幾乎消失了。

情態副詞

Meanwhile, China's BYD is becoming increasingly common.

同時，中國的 BYD 越來越普遍。

Ford left a plant, abandoned byd, they modernized the plant.

Ford 離開了一個工廠，而 BYD 則接手並將其現代化。

They are now producing electric cars from Brazil.

他們現在正在生產來自巴西的電動汽車。

It's evidence of the growing connection between Brazil and China.

這證明瞭巴西和中國之間日益增長的聯繫。

This is a group that hopes to rival the US led G7.

這是一個希望與美國主導的 G7 相抗衡的集團。

The most important emerging economies in the world are the four BRICs.

世界上最重要的幾個新興經濟體是四個 BRIC 國家。

My fellow Americans, this is Liberation Day.

各位美國同胞，今天是解放日。

This mantra, america first has created an opening.

這句「美國優先」的咒語，創造了一個機會。

The trade war increased the solidarity between BRICS nations.

貿易戰增強了 BRICS 國家之間的團結。

The BRICS are now emerging as really the only global forum, global, that can stand up to Trump's trade war.

BRICS 現在正崛起，成為唯一能對抗川普貿易戰的全球論壇。

They want a multipolar world in which there are multiple centers of geopolitical influence.

他們想要一個多極世界，有多個地緣政治影響中心。

But can these countries unite to become a meaningful global force?

但這些國家能夠團結起來，成為一股有意義的全球力量嗎？

To answer this, it takes an understanding of how economic power collided with circumstance and whether the group can overcome some big hurdles.

要回答這個問題，需要了解經濟力量如何與時勢碰撞，以及這個集團能否克服一些重大障礙。

But first, the acronym BRIC was coined in 2001 by Jim O', Neill, who at the time was an economist with Goldman Sachs.

但首先，BRIC 這個縮寫是由 Jim O'Neill 在 2001 年創造的，他當時是高盛的經濟學家。

I thought it was quite clear that so called emerging markets were going to become more important to businesses.

我認為很明顯，所謂的新興市場對企業來說將變得越來越重要。

And so I sort of played around with the idea and I wrote a piece called the world needs better economic bricks and the rest is history, so to speak.

所以我大概玩了一下這個想法，寫了一篇叫做「世界需要更好的經濟 BRIC」的文章，然後就成了歷史，可以這麼說。

Eventually it went on to be popular among the governments of these countries who held their initial summit and established BRIC in 2009.

後來這個概念在這些國家的政府間廣為流傳，他們召開了首次峰會，並於 2009 年成立了 BRIC。

The first ever BRIC summit is getting underway in Russia in 2010.

首屆 BRIC 峰會於 2010 年在俄羅斯舉行。

South Africa was invited because it was a major economy on the African continent.

邀請南非是因為它是非洲大陸的主要經濟體。

Over time, more countries started expressing interest in joining brics.

隨著時間推移，越來越多國家對加入 BRICS 表示興趣。

China became a major trading partner and a major foreign direct investor in many countries across the Global South.

中國成為許多全球南方國家主要的貿易夥伴和主要外國直接投資者。

And a lot of countries saw this as an opportunity to elevate themselves geopolitically as they were not part of other multilateral groupings such as G20.

許多國家認為這是提升自身地緣政治地位的機會，因為它們並非 G20 等其他গুলির多邊組織的成員。

For instance, Brics is an inclusive formation that has the ability to change the trajectory of the Global South.

例如，BRICS 是一個具有包容性的組織，能夠改變全球南方的發展軌跡。

Four members joined in 2024 and this year Indonesia joined as well.

2024 年有四個成員加入，今年印尼也加入了。

Look at how the original BRICs have grown compared to the G7 in terms of global GDP since 2009.

看看最初的 BRICS 國家，自 2009 年以來，在全球 GDP 方面與 G7 相比成長了多少。

它們在 2019 年就已經超越了 G7。

Now add in the expanded lineup and its share is nearly 40% in terms of GDP by purchasing parity, it has overtaken the G7 countries.

現在加上擴大的成員陣容，以購買力平價計算的 GDP 佔比將近 40%，已經超越了 G7 國家。

For most of them, this boom in population and wealth has also given the group more political might, which in turn has made more countries interested in joining brics main objective is to challenge the established world order which appeared after the end of the Cold War.

對於它們大多數國家來說，人口和財富的成長也讓這個集團擁有更大的政治影響力，這反過來又讓更多國家有興趣加入。BRICS 的主要目標是挑戰冷戰結束後出現的既有世界秩序。

Russia is definitely interested in more member states of BRICS, partly to offset its relative diplomatic isolation after 2022.

俄羅斯絕對對 BRICS 增加更多會員國感興趣，部分原因是要抵銷其在 2022 年後相對孤立的外交處境。

Sanctions imposed by the US and Europe on Russia are one reason why trade among the bloc's first five members rose 40% to over 700 billion from 2021 to 2024.

美國和歐洲對俄羅斯實施的制裁，是該集團最初五個成員國之間貿易額從 2021 年到 2024 年成長 40% 至超過 7000 億美元的原因之一。

Sanctions also contributed to an increasing amount of all this trade being done in local currencies.

制裁也促使越來越多的這類貿易以當地貨幣進行。

That's use of the yuan bypassing the dollar in China's overseas transactions.

那是人民幣在中國海外交易中繞過美元的使用。

China represents more than 35% of Russia's external trade.

中國佔俄羅斯對外貿易的 35% 以上。

BRICS has even talked about a common currency.

Overall, BRICS countries supports reduced trade in US dollar as a tool as a method to reduce overall Western economic dominance in the global economy.

總體而言，BRICS 國家支持減少以美元進行貿易，作為減少西方在整體全球經濟中經濟主導地位的一種方法。

China's influence within the BRICS club cannot be overstated.

中國在 BRICS 集團中的影響力不容小覷。

China is the biggest, most powerful, richest country in the BRICS group.

中國是 BRICS 集團中最大、最強大、最富有的國家。

So the BRICS works as an instrument for China to improve its economic and political power on the global stage.

是以，BRICS 作為中國在全球舞臺上提升其經濟和政治力量的工具。

Since before the beginning of the brics, Lula has always been enthusiastic about China.

自 BRICS 成立之前，魯拉一直對中國充滿熱情。

Brazil, under his first presidency in 2004 was one of the first countries to recognize China as a market economy.

巴西在 2004 年首次擔任總統期間，是最早承認中國是市場經濟的國家之一。

Lula realized that China and Brazil had very complementary economies.

魯拉意識到中國和巴西的經濟有很強的互補性。

China wants to have access to a huge consumer market and it needs food security that Brazil can provide.

中國想要進入一個龐大的消費市場，並且需要巴西能提供的糧食安全。

This graph shows Brazil's exports to the US.

這張圖顯示巴西出口到美國的數據。

現在我們加入中國的出口數據。

From 2009, China was Brazil's top exporting partner and now it imports more too.

從 2009 年開始，中國就成為巴西最大的出口夥伴，現在巴西也從中國進口更多商品。

Well, there are some hurdles for Brazil and other BRICS plus nations.

嗯，巴西和其他 BRICS plus 國家都面臨一些挑戰。

Trade relationships within brics are not as developed as, say, within the eu.

BRICS 國家之間的貿易關係，不像歐盟那樣發達。

BRICS 並不是一個貿易集團或組織。

Each country is dealing with the issue of tariffs individually.

每個國家都在個別處理關稅問題。

Brazil doesn't really want to pick sides.

Brazil wants to have the ability to trade with the us, trade with China, with the European Union, all at the same time.

巴西希望能夠同時跟美國、中國、歐洲聯盟進行貿易。

A variety of tensions between different BRICS members have kept the group from forming a united front.

不同 BRICS 成員之間各種緊張關係，讓這個集團無法形成統一戰線。

But they have managed it with the New Development bank which finances projects across the Global south and provides loans with fewer economic and political conditions compared to the World Bank.

但他們透過新開發銀行做到了這一點，該銀行為全球南方的項目提供資金，並提供比世界銀行更少的經濟和政治條件的貸款。

It's not focused on advancing Western values and human rights issues in the same way.

它不像世界銀行那樣，專注於推進西方價值觀和人權問題。

Small at the moment but with potential for growth.

目前規模不大，但有成長潛力。

So even as the US steps back from its role as a global leader, the disparate nature of the BRICS coalition is its weakness.

所以，即使美國退出了全球領導者的角色，BRICS 聯盟的離散性質就是它的弱點。

Although size gives it clout and opportunity, divisions may keep it from bending the global order towards its goals.

雖然規模讓 BRICS 擁有影響力和機會，但內部分歧可能會阻礙他們朝著目標改變全球秩序。

I think it's difficult for the BRICS countries to really pursue a joint path on the things that really matter for them collectively as well as for the world.

我認為，BRICS 國家很難在對他們集體以及對世界真正重要的事務上，真正走上共同的道路。

It's very effective as a symbolic grouping, but

它作為一個象徵性的團體非常有效，但

how that evolves is probably going to depend to some degree how on all their individual economies do how they perceive the US is moving economically and politically and how seriously they themselves want to move on big global issues like climate change, infectious diseases, global trade and so on.

這將如何發展，可能在一定程度上取決於他們各自的經濟表現，他們如何看待美國在經濟和政治上的動向，以及他們自己對氣候變遷、傳染病、全球貿易等重大全球議題有多認真想採取行動。