Name: 愛的三大法則：學會這樣做讓愛更甜蜜！ (The three laws of love, and how to follow them | Meghan Sullivan)
Uploaded: 2025-12-27T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 6 min 51 s

In today's society, we oftentimes separate love from moral philosophy in pretty profound ways.

在現今社會中，我們經常以非常明顯的方式將愛與道德哲學分開。

情態副詞

We think about love as primarily a psychological phenomenon, something that we don't have a great deal of control over.

我們通常把愛視為一種心理現象，認為這是我們難以控制的情感。

When we think about morality, we think about looking for rules and principles that do not have any exceptions, that are unemotional.

而談到道德時，我們則尋求那些沒有例外、冷靜理性的規則與原則。

How could a certain emotion and attitude be so central to our lives,

一種情感和態度怎麼可能如此深刻地影響我們的生活，

but also be seemingly completely independent of ethics?

卻又似乎完全獨立於倫理之外？

Aristotle famously said, when you really love a friend, you experience that person as a second self.

亞里士多德曾說，當你真心愛一個朋友時，你會把那個人當作另一個自己。

When they suffer, it feels like you too are experiencing their suffering.

當他們受苦時，你也會感覺自己在經歷那份痛苦。

And the love ethic says those same feelings shift, should be extended to strangers.

而愛的倫理觀認為，這些感受應該同樣延伸到陌生人身上。

How do we navigate our lives in an era where our politics, our economics, our technology, is causing us to become far more isolated and divided?

在政治、經濟與科技使我們變得更加孤立和分裂的時代，我們要如何在生活中找到方向？

That question is a major impetus for us to think seriously about these ancient moral traditions that put love at the center of how we navigate our lives and how we navigate our society.

這個問題促使我們認真思考那些將愛置於生活與社會核心的古老道德傳統。

and I am the director of Notre Dame's Institute for Ethics and the Common Good and the University Ethics Initiative.

是聖母大學倫理與公共善研究所，以及大學倫理倡議計畫的主任。

A love ethic, or a love-based approach to ethics, says to love your neighbor with the same intensity with which you love yourself.

愛的倫理觀，或者說以愛為基礎的倫理方法，主張以愛自己同等的強度去愛鄰居。

One of the origins of the love ethic in the Christian tradition comes from this very famous story that happens in the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Good Samaritan.

愛的倫理觀在基督教傳統中的起源之一來自《路加福音》中的著名故事——好撒馬利亞人的比喻。

One time there was a man traveling down a road when he's attacked by some robbers, and he is beaten within an inch of his life.

有一次，一個人沿路行走時遭到強盜襲擊，幾乎被打死。

A Jewish priest walks by and he doesn't stop.

一名猶太祭司路過，卻沒有停下來。

A Levite would have been a very important person who served in the Jewish temple, who supported the priests.

利未人是猶太聖殿中非常重要的人，負責協助祭司。

He moves to the side of the road and he just keeps walking.

And then Jesus says, a Samaritan comes down the road and he rushes over and he rescues the man.

然後耶穌說，一個撒馬利亞人經過，他急忙過去救了這個人。

He stays up with him all night, nursing his wounds and keeping him alive.

他整晚守在他身邊，照顧傷口，讓他活下去。

And what Jesus seems to be saying is, you have the same moral obligation to do what the Samaritan did for this man.

耶穌似乎在說，你有同樣的道德義務去做撒馬利亞人為這個人所做的事。

The parable of the Good Samaritan cries out for philosophical debate.

好撒馬利亞人的比喻引發了哲學上的討論。

The most prominent way of interpreting the parable says, this is primarily about our duty to help others.

最常見的解讀認為，這主要關乎我們幫助他人的義務。

Where I think we should push back a little bit is thinking, this isn't a parable about duty.

我認為我們應該稍作反思，這不是一個關於義務的比喻。

And in particular, about what it means to find a reason to love a complete stranger.

特別是關於如何找到愛一個完全陌生人的理由。

First, what gives anyone Moral significance is their mere human dignity.

第一，任何人具有道德意義僅因其作為人的尊嚴。

You don't have to do anything else to be of profound value except exist.

你不需要做任何其他事，只要存在就擁有深遠的價值。

The second component of the love ethic is love is at the very basis of our moral reasoning.

愛的倫理觀的第二個組成部分是，愛是我們道德推理的基礎。

We should always be grounding our reasoning in interpersonal love, what it means to love another person who has dignity.

我們應該始終以人際之愛為根基，理解愛另一個有尊嚴的人意味著什麼。

The final component of the love ethic are applications of these principles to all of the kinds of debates and puzzles as we try to navigate contemporary society to create a moral code that others will want to live with.

愛的倫理觀的最後一個組成部分是，將這些原則應用到我們在當代社會中所面臨的各種辯論與困境，創造出他人願意遵守的道德準則。

If you're anything like me, you read the news every day and you'll read some story that you really morally disagree with,

如果你像我一樣，每天閱讀新聞，你會看到一些你道德上無法認同的事件，

and you'll read about the people who are featured in the story who've made that terrible decision.

你會看到新聞中那些做出可怕決定的人，

And you'll think, not only do I not love these people,

but I really wish them the worst, like they are my enemies.

我甚至希望他們遭遇不幸，就像他們是我的敵人一樣。

And the love ethic says to put ourselves more and more in this situation where we imagine having the reaction to complete strangers as we would to people that we love.

而愛的倫理觀告訴我們，要逐漸將自己置於這種情境中，想像對陌生人的反應如同對我們所愛之人一般。

Imagine that stranger was your own parent or your own sibling or your best friend.

想像那個陌生人是你自己的父母、兄弟姐妹或最好的朋友。

Would you still feel that same level of resentment?

And we realized, you know, love is complicated.

You might have family members whom you love who are part of a very different political party.

你可能有愛的家人，卻屬於完全不同的政黨。

You might have friends that are part of a really different racial group.

你可能有朋友屬於完全不同的族群。

You might have people that you love in your life who you oftentimes think make terrible decisions.

你可能愛的人經常做出你認為很糟的決定。

What the love ethic asks you to reflect on is the fact that you don't have any of those standards in your ordinary love life.

愛的倫理觀要求你反思，在你日常的愛中，你並不會用這些標準來衡量他人。

So why would you put any of those kinds of requirements on your concern for others?

那麼，為什麼要把這些標準套用在你對他人的關懷上呢？

And there are ways that you can go from being a less loving to a more loving person if you're willing to work that virtue muscle.

如果你願意鍛鍊這種美德，你可以從一個不那麼有愛的人，變成一個更有愛的人。

If you're looking with love, you should pay a little bit more attention to take in the details and allow them to affect you.

當你用愛去看待他人時，你應該更注意細節，讓它們影響你。

A big part of exhibiting the love ethic and practicing it means giving yourself a little bit more time to pay attention to other people,

實踐愛的倫理觀很大一部分意味著，給自己更多時間去關注他人，

rather than paying attention to all of the other things that are trying to demand our mental life in the 21st century.

而不是注意21世紀試圖佔據我們精神生活的各種事物。

Does the love ethic, does being a good Samaritan ask you to completely put aside all of your own interests, all of your own projects to rescue strangers?

愛的倫理觀，或者做一個好撒馬利亞人，是否要求你完全放下自己的利益與計畫去拯救陌生人？

We are talking about a more long-term moral and philosophical program,

我們談論的是一個更長期的道德與哲學計畫，

a way of life that people can adopt where they challenge their biases, that tell them somebody is not worthy of their attention or concern.

一種人們可以採用的生活方式，挑戰那些告訴他們某人不值得關注或關心的偏見。

It's really asking us to change our mindset about how we think of the social issues that vex us,

它真正要求我們改變思維方式，重新看待困擾我們的社會議題，

thinking of them not as potential investments, not as abstract social concerns that are worth debating,

不要把它們當作潛在投資或值得討論的抽象社會問題，

but rather as ethical questions that are rooted in the lives of particular other people.

而是當作與特定他人的生活息息相關的倫理問題。

And that requires this capacity to pay more attention to others and to ask yourself some hard philosophical questions about what exactly it means to love the people that are put into your day-to-day life.

這需要我們更關注他人，並問自己一些艱難的哲學問題：究竟愛日常生活中出現的人意味著什麼？

字幕列表影片播放

愛的三大法則：學會這樣做讓愛更甜蜜！ (The three laws of love, and how to follow them | Meghan Sullivan)

debate

profound

initiative

experience