Name: 地球上最嚴酷地方的強大潛力 | Lei Zhang | TED (The Powerful Promise of Earth’s Harshest Places | Lei Zhang | TED)
Uploaded: 2025-09-11T02:50:54.000Z
Duration: 13 min 44 s

This is Inner Mongolia Gobi Desert, my favorite place.

這就是內蒙古戈壁灘，我最喜歡的地方。

It's most Mars-like in the planet, barren and empty, wind blows all year round, sandstorms often.

這裡是地球上最像火星的地方，荒蕪空曠，終年狂風大作，沙塵暴頻發。

進階形容詞比較級句型

In the winter, temperature is as low as minus 40 degrees.

如果你看到那個小點，那就是我。

I believe this could be the new space for our civilization.

我相信，這可能是我們文明的新空間。

When people see useless, barrenness, emptiness, I see abundance.

當人們看到的是無用、貧瘠和空虛，我看到的卻是富足。

If you look at the barren desert, it is filled up with abundant renewable energy, the strong wind and the shining sun.

放眼荒蕪的沙漠，這裡充滿了豐富的可再生能源、強勁的風和燦爛的陽光。

I found out the important equation between energy and our prosperities. 2,000 years before the Industrial Revolution, our global GDP only grew five times.

我發現了能源與我們的繁榮之間的重要等式。在工業革命之前的 2000 年，我們的全球 GDP 僅增長了五倍。

Because we are only able to use five times energy.

因為我們只能使用五倍的能量。

Natural energy, agriculture, then transferred to muscle power.

自然能源，農業，然後轉化為肌肉力量。

Since the Industrial Revolution, our global GDP expanded 100 times because we are using 100 times more energy.

自工業革命以來，我們的全球 GDP 增長了 100 倍，因為我們使用的能源增加了 100 倍。

So abundant fossil fuel energy has been turned and created forces to drive the machines, create materials like steel, create fertilizer to improve the food production.

如此豐富的化石燃料能源被轉化並創造出各種力量來驅動機器、製造鋼鐵等材料、製造肥料以提高糧食產量。

Today, it's even creating tremendous intelligence for humanity.

如今，它甚至為人類創造了巨大的智慧。

So, how can we unlock such a big potential from desert to push humanity to the next level of prosperity?

那麼，我們如何才能從沙漠中挖掘出如此巨大的潛力，將人類推向更高的繁榮水準呢？

Because one hour solar radiation is able to meet our entire annual demand of energy.

因為一小時的太陽輻射就能滿足我們全年的能源需求。

In front of Gobi, we have to solve three challenges.

在戈壁面前，我們必須解決三個難題。

The first one, how can we capture the rough and the raw wind energy?

首先，我們如何才能捕捉到粗糙的原始風能？

Just as steam engine is able to turn coal energy into motion, we end up with wind turbine to capture wind energy to turn into electricity.

正如蒸汽機能夠將煤炭的能量轉化為動力一樣，我們最終使用風力渦輪機來捕捉風能並將其轉化為電能。

Most importantly is to really design the wind turbine is able to survive in extreme wind conditions in the desert.

最重要的是要真正設計出能夠在沙漠極端風力條件下生存的風力渦輪機。

Secondly, how can we build avoiding to build a long distance or thousands of miles transmission lines, which is costly and extremely expensive?

其次，我們如何才能避免建設一條長距離或數千英里的輸電線路，而這是耗資巨大且極其昂貴的？

We end up with the largest off-grid renewable system by integrating wind turbine solar panel storage with AI orchestrations.

通過將風力渦輪機、太陽能電池板存儲與人工智能協調整合在一起，我們最終擁有了最大的離網可再生能源系統。

Okay, then the last remaining challenge, how can we utilize such abundant locally made electricity?

好了，剩下的最後一個挑戰是，我們如何利用如此豐富的在地製造的電力？

We end up with a solution to build net zero industrial park, which is going to produce energy intensive products like batteries and the green hydrogen and ammonia, those green molecules.

我們最終提出了一個解決方案，即建設淨零工業園區，生產電池、綠色氫氣和氨等能源密集型產品，這些都是綠色分子。

One ton of green ammonia is able to hold 10,000 kilowatt hour electricity.

一噸綠色氨水可容納 10,000 千瓦時的電力。

Most importantly, the green molecule is so important for us to decarbonize our economic system.

最重要的是，"綠色分子 "對我們實現經濟體系的去碳化非常重要。

It's the most difficult, hard to obey segment.

這是最困難、最難服從的部分。

The green hydrogen is going to be used to making green steel, to make natural chemicals, to make green aviation and shipping.

綠色氫氣將用於製造綠色鋼鐵、天然化學品、綠色航空和航運。

Just right in the heart of Gobi Desert, the first net zero industrial park has been built.

就在戈壁灘的中心地帶，第一個淨零工業園區已經建成。

It is totally off-grid, 100% by renewable energy.

它完全離網，100% 使用可再生能源。

But most importantly, it is the lowest cost of battery among all in region production base.

但最重要的是，它是該地區所有生產基地中成本最低的電池。

Because there's tremendous free abundant renewable energy.

因為這裡有大量免費的、豐富的可再生能源。

And we are also building in the desert the largest green hydrogen project in the world, 1.5 million ton green hydrogen and green ammonia.

我們還在沙漠中建設世界上最大的綠色氫氣項目，150 萬噸綠色氫氣和綠色氨氣。

The first phase, 300,000 ton, as you see, is commissioning now.

如你所見，30 萬噸的一期工程正在試運行。

Our goal is to cheapest, to make green hydrogen as cheap as green.

我們的目標是以最低廉的價格，使綠色氫氣與綠色氫氣一樣便宜。

Because history told us this 100 times energy growth is a result of cost reductions.

因為歷史告訴我們，能源增長的 100 倍是降低成本的結果。

In order to unlock these tremendous renewables, we have to make renewable energy much lower than fossil fuel.

為了釋放這些巨大的可再生能源，我們必須使可再生能源的成本大大低於化石燃料。

Today, renewable has already won the battle against electricity.

如今，可再生能源已經贏得了與電力的鬥爭。

So renewable energy is much lower on making electricity.

是以，可再生能源的發電成本要低得多。

But there's still another battle is green molecule is about two or three times expensive than green molecule from coal and gas.

但還有一個問題是，綠色分子比煤炭和天然氣的綠色分子貴兩三倍。

We have to make as cheap as possible, have this cost parity to the gray.

我們必須儘可能地降低成本，使其與灰色成本持平。

So we should have redesigned the entire energy system and redesign the equipment, then reduce the cost significantly.

是以，我們應該重新設計整個能源系統，重新設計設備，然後大幅降低成本。

So first, we designed AI-regulated wind turbine, which is able to capture more energy while reduce cost significantly.

是以，我們首先設計了人工智能調節的風力渦輪機，它能夠捕獲更多能量，同時大幅降低成本。

We are also designing the world's first hybrid energy storage system by combining lithium battery with supercapacitor.

我們還在設計世界上首個將鋰電池與超級電容器相結合的混合儲能系統。

It's able to support innovating membranes and electrode significantly.

它能夠為創新薄膜和電極提供重要支持。

In order to make the construction work in the desert much easier, much cheaper, we designed modular prefabricated hydrogen plant, which is made construction work in the desert is as easy as stacking Legos.

為了讓沙漠中的建築工作變得更容易、更便宜，我們設計了模塊化預製制氫裝置，這讓沙漠中的建築工作變得像堆樂高積木一樣簡單。

And we are also developing AI physical model, starting from predicting weather, wind, and the solar to manage grid automatically.

我們還在開發人工智能物理模型，從預測天氣、風力和太陽能開始，到自動管理電網。

So today, we already achieving the lowest cost of green hydrogen and green ammonia in the world.

是以，今天我們已經實現了全球最低的綠色氫氣和綠色氨氣成本。

I believe within three years, by 2028, we are able to make such cost parity to gray.

我相信，在三年內，到 2028 年，我們就能讓灰色地帶實現這種成本均等。

Why I'm so convinced, if you look at last 20 years, the cost of wind and solar have been reduced 90%.

為什麼我如此堅信，如果你看看過去 20 年，風能和太陽能的成本已經降低了 90%。

For the last five years, the cost of energy storage has been reduced 90%.

在過去的五年裡，儲能成本降低了 90%。

End of the day, the green electricity still be majority cost of green hydrogen.

歸根結底，綠色電力仍然是綠色氫氣的主要成本。

So by combining the significant improvement on the electrolyzer and the hydrogen factory, we are for sure to achieve such a cost parity.

是以，通過將電解槽和制氫工廠的重大改進結合起來，我們一定能實現成本均等。

By the time we achieving cost parity to gray for molecules, it is going to be a milestone for our humanity, because we're going to remove the last bottleneck, which preventing us to unlock tremendous renewable energy.

當我們的成本與灰色分子的成本持平時，這將是人類的一個里程碑，因為我們將消除最後一個瓶頸，這將阻止我們釋放巨大的可再生能源。

It is going to open the gate to tremendous new possibilities.

它將打開通向巨大新可能性的大門。

Just imagine, as we repeated in the history, within next 100 years, if we are able to use 100 times more energy, how the world will look like?

試想一下，正如我們在歷史上所重複的那樣，在未來 100 年內，如果我們能夠多使用 100 倍的能源，世界將會變成什麼樣子？

We are going to harvest the superintelligence with AI data center everywhere.

我們將在各地的人工智能數據中心收穫超級智能。

We are going to desalinate seawater and turn the desert into green oasis.

我們要淡化海水，把沙漠變成綠洲。

We are going to remove poverty even by producing our food and protein in the basement.

我們甚至可以在地下室生產食物和蛋白質，從而消除貧困。

We are going for sure to reverse climate crisis by taking carbon from the air and turning to building materials.

我們一定會從空氣中獲取碳，並將其轉化為建築材料，從而扭轉氣候危機。

And we are even able to make interstellar traveling as a daily routine.

我們甚至能夠把星際旅行作為日常工作。

The answer is just right in the heart of the desert.

From Sahara in Africa to Middle East, from Australia to Gobi, there are 100 times energy than what we need.

從非洲撒哈拉到中東，從澳洲到戈壁，這裡的能源是我們所需的 100 倍。

它是無限的、綠色的、免費的。

So, ladies and gentlemen, this natural transition is not a costly burden for us.

是以，女士們，先生們，這種自然過渡對我們來說並不是昂貴的負擔。

It is indeed the one and only pathway for us, for our humanity, to achieve a new great prosperity.

這的確是我們人類實現新的大繁榮的唯一途徑。

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