Name: 中國閱兵揭示的 30 億美元武器出口問題 | WSJ (What China’s Military Parade Reveals About Its $3B Arms Exports | WSJ)
Uploaded: 2025-09-05T09:13:02.000Z
Duration: 4 min 59 s

New weapons unveiled, like this intercontinental ballistic missile, over 100 aircraft and more than 10,000 troops.

新武器亮相，比如這枚洲際彈道導彈、100 多架飛機和 1 萬多名阿兵哥。

情態副詞

The huge parade in the heart of Beijing marked President Xi Jinping's ambition to transform China from one of the world's biggest arms buyers into a maker of all the weapons it needs for itself and an increasingly formidable exporter on target to hit $3.2 billion across dozens of countries.

在北京市中心舉行的盛大閱兵標誌著習近平主席的雄心壯志，即把中國從世界上最大的武器購買國之一轉變為自己所需的所有武器的製造國，併成為一個日益強大的出口國，目標是在數十個國家達到 32 億美元的出口額。

Analysts believe China's motivation for this huge expansion goes beyond the financial.

分析人士認為，中國此次大規模擴張的動機並不侷限於金融方面。

For much of its history, the People's Liberation Army, or PLA, relied on foreign military equipment, particularly from Russia, like this jet fighter.

中國人民解放軍（PLA）的大部分歷史都依賴於外國軍事裝備，尤其是來自俄羅斯的裝備，比如這架噴氣式戰鬥機。

But in recent decades, Beijing has invested heavily in state-owned and private sector defence companies.

但近幾十年來，中國政府對國有和私營國防公司進行了大量投資。

Self-reliance is a fundamental part of what China does in terms of military technological development.

自力更生是中國軍事技術發展的根本。

It needs to be able to supply equipment and capability very quickly to the Chinese military.

它需要能夠迅速向中國軍隊提供裝備和能力。

And if it relies on a foreign country to do that, then the ability of the PLA to respond to any contingency effectively and efficiently and quickly is compromised.

如果依靠外國來完成這項工作，那麼解放軍有效、高效、快速地應對任何突發事件的能力就會受到損害。

The parade, to commemorate 80 years since the end of World War II following the surrender of Japan, fits Xi Jinping's modernisation push.

這次閱兵是為了紀念日本投降後二戰結束 80 週年，與習近平推動的現代化進程不謀而合。

For China, this is a question of prestige.

對中國來說，這是一個聲譽問題。

Over the last six years, China has made a lot of inroads in a lot of areas of military technology and so this parade is an opportunity for China to demonstrate the growing power of its defence industry.

過去六年來，中國在許多軍事技術領域都取得了長足進步，是以這次閱兵是中國展示其國防工業日益強大的一次機會。

China's defence imports have been steadily dropping, reaching its lowest point in the period of 2020 and 2024.

中國的國防進口持續下降，在 2020 年至 2024 年期間達到最低點。

At the same time, Beijing has emerged among the world's top five arms sellers.

與此同時，北京已躋身世界五大武器銷售國之列。

But China's share of the global arms market has so far failed to expand much further.

但迄今為止，中國在全球軍火市場的份額仍未能進一步擴大。

We said at the time, OK, China's moved very quickly into a strong position.

我們當時說，好吧，中國已經迅速進入強勢地位。

We're likely to see China move into the top two or three exporters, but we haven't seen that because the scope of China's defence export customers is quite limited.

我們有可能看到中國進入前二或前三的出口國行列，但我們還沒有看到這一點，因為中國國防出口客戶的範圍相當有限。

Chinese arms attract buyers in the global south for several reasons.

中國武器吸引全球南部買家有幾個原因。

The relatively low price, the wide range of products from drones to missile systems and military helicopters, fewer restrictions on how to use them compared to Western arms and the many different ways of paying for the equipment.

價格相對較低，產品種類繁多，從無人機到導彈系統和軍用直升機，與西方武器相比，使用限制較少，支付設備的方式也多種多樣。

China is able to sell its equipment to countries that have not much money, that don't have many options to buy from, perhaps because the US is not willing to sell to them.

中國能夠向那些沒有多少錢、沒有多少購買選擇的國家出售裝備，也許是因為美國不願意賣給他們。

China is very adept at being able to sell military equipment for minerals or in exchange for energy or in exchange for gas or in exchange for many other things.

中國非常善於通過出售軍事裝備來換取礦產，或換取能源，或換取天然氣，或換取許多其他東西。

But it's not able to sell its military equipment to mature markets who have a strong defence industrial base and are active in procuring equipment from the US and Europe.

但它卻無法向擁有強大國防工業基礎並積極從美國和歐洲採購裝備的成熟市場出售軍事裝備。

Chinese arms are also still widely perceived to be inferior to Western arms.

此外，中國武器仍被普遍認為不如西方武器。

Defence experts say Chinese weapons are largely untested in combat and suffer from quality and performance problems.

國防專家稱，中國武器大多未經實戰檢驗，存在品質和性能問題。

Some analysts add the quality of the arms that China is exporting is not the same it provides to its own troops.

一些分析家補充說，中國出口的武器品質與提供給本國部隊的武器品質不同。

But in May 2025, during a short confrontation between Islamabad and New Delhi, Pakistan's Chinese-made aircraft reportedly managed to down India's French-made military aircraft.

但據報道，2025 年 5 月，在伊斯蘭堡和新德里之間的一次短暫對峙中，巴基斯坦的中國製造飛機成功擊落了印度的法國製造軍用飛機。

We still don't know really what happened.

我們仍然不知道到底發生了什麼。

But what I would say is that as Chinese defence equipment has continued to increase in quality over the last 20 years, the quality that it exports has also increased, even though it's not as strong as some of the Western counterparts, for sure.

但我要說的是，在過去 20 年裡，隨著中國國防裝備品質的不斷提高，中國出口的品質也在不斷提高，儘管肯定不如某些西方同行。

Military parades are an opportunity for countries to show off their wares to potential buyers across the world.

閱兵式是各國向全球潛在買家展示其商品的機會。

But China is not motivated by money alone.

The driver for China in exports is not the funds.

It's the influence that it can gauge in the emerging markets through the exports.

這是它通過出口在新興市場所能衡量到的影響力。

When China exports helicopters to Cambodia through the provision of soft loans, China does not do that because it needs the money.

中國通過提供軟貸款向高棉出口直升機，並不是因為它需要錢。

China does that because it can gain a strategic and diplomatic influence in the country through which it can exercise its power.

中國之所以這樣做，是因為它可以在該國獲得戰略和外交影響力，並通過這種影響力行使權力。

China also uses the parade to telegraph its position to the world.

中國還利用閱兵向世界傳遞自己的立場。

It is a message to the US, to US allies in the region that, hey, China is an advanced military capability and China is able to act on its strategic requirements through its military and it better be taken seriously.

這是向美國和美國在該地區的盟國發出的一個資訊：嘿，中國擁有先進的軍事能力，中國能夠通過軍事力量滿足其戰略需求，最好認真對待。