Name: 人性本善，那壞人是怎麼來的？ (Why Good People Become Monsters)
Uploaded: 2025-06-19T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 8 min 15 s

Good and evil are philosophical concepts debated for centuries.

善與惡是爭論了幾個世紀的哲學概念。

But psychology can help us understand why people stray from morality.

但心理學可以幫助我們理解人們偏離道德的原因。

When discussing serial killers, people often ask what happened in their formative years?

在討論連環殺手時，人們經常會問，在他們的成長期發生了什麼？

We watch documentaries feeling relieved that it couldn't happen to us or thinking we'd instantly recognize evil in others.

我們在觀看紀錄片時，會因為這種事情不會發生在自己身上而感到欣慰，或者認為自己能一眼認出別人身上的邪惡。

It's easy to believe we're immune to evil, but the uncomfortable reality is we all have the potential to be shaped by our circumstances.

我們很容易相信自己對邪惡免疫，但令人不安的現實是，我們都有可能被環境所左右。

Discussing morality can take us to dark places, so consider this a trigger warning.

討論道德問題可能會把我們帶入黑暗的境地，所以請將此視為觸發警告。

Our morals can slip from good to monstrous when we let the situation change how we act.

當我們讓情況改變我們的行為方式時，我們的道德就會從良好滑向畸形。

Most of us behave differently depending on where we are or who we're with.

我們中的大多數人都會因身處何地或與何人在一起而表現出不同的行為。

For example, when a CEO was assassinated, some people who would never support murder ended up justifying or even celebrating it because everyone else is.

例如，當一位 CEO 被暗殺時，一些從不支持謀殺的人最終為謀殺辯護甚至慶祝，因為其他人都支持謀殺。

It shows how easily we can bend our morals based on emotions or what's going on around us.

這表明，我們很容易根據情緒或周圍發生的事情來扭曲自己的道德觀。

If we're not careful, we might lose control over our own values.

一不小心，我們可能會失去對自身價值觀的控制。

This is also known as the Lucifer effect.

The Lucifer effect is a term coined by psychologist Philip Zimbardo,

路西法效應是心理學家菲利普-津巴多創造的一個術語，

which refers to the transformation of ordinary people into individuals capable of committing acts of evil or brutality.

指的是普通人轉變為能夠實施邪惡或殘暴行為的人。

It is largely based on Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment,

它主要基於津巴多的斯坦福監獄實驗，

a famous study from 1971 that examined how individuals would conform to rules of authority or submission in a simulated prison environment.

這是 1971 年的一項著名研究，考察了在模擬監獄環境中，個人如何服從權威或服從規則。

Your morals can shift more than you think depending on the situation.

在不同的情況下，你的道德觀會發生超乎你想象的變化。

Many of us believe we have strict codes, but circumstances can push us further than we expect.

我們中的許多人都認為自己有嚴格的準則，但環境會把我們推得比預期更遠。

Our moral boundaries are more flexible than we realize.

我們的道德底線比我們意識到的更加靈活。

Authority figures often sway our moral compass by making us feel part of something larger.

權威人士往往會讓我們覺得自己是更偉大事物的一部分，從而左右我們的道德指南針。

This happens not only in extremes like wartime, but also in daily life.

這種情況不僅發生在戰時等極端情況下，在日常生活中也會出現。

Leaders might seem to guide us towards what's right, but history shows otherwise.

領導者似乎會引導我們做正確的事，但歷史證明並非如此。

The atrocities of war like Nazi soldiers, just following orders, demonstrate how we can de-individualize ourselves and excuse immoral actions.

納粹士兵只是服從命令，他們的戰爭暴行證明了我們是如何將自己去個人化，併為不道德的行為開脫的。

A smaller example is kids who bully just to fit in with a peer group.

一個更小的例子是，孩子們為了融入同齡群體而欺凌他人。

These figures also turn us against others by dehumanizing them.

這些人物還通過非人化的方式讓我們反對他人。

As seen in Nazi propaganda or euphemisms like ethnic cleansing.

如納粹宣傳或種族清洗之類的委婉說法。

Even on a smaller scale, friends can be authority figures, influencing our actions for approval.

即使在較小的範圍內，朋友也會成為權威人物，影響我們的行為，以獲得認可。

Bullies use euphemistic language to justify mistreatment.

霸凌者使用委婉的語言為虐待行為辯護。

For example, because the person being bullied is labeled gross or weird, in their minds, it's okay to pick on them and they deserve it.

例如，因為被欺負的人被貼上了噁心或怪異的標籤，在他們的心目中，欺負他們是沒問題的，他們活該。

They justify their actions as helping or just pranking.

他們為自己的行為辯解，說這是幫忙，或者只是惡作劇。

Belonging to a friend group is great for mental health, but as we seek people with shared interests, it's hard to predict the future of these groups.

加入朋友圈子對心理健康大有裨益，但隨著我們尋找具有共同興趣愛好的人，很難預測這些朋友圈子的未來。

For example, the church burnings and murders in late 80s Norway were tied to the black metal inner circle, which pushed members to adopt an evil aesthetic.

例如，1980 年代末挪威發生的教堂焚燒和謀殺案就與黑金屬內部圈子有關，他們推動成員採用邪惡的審美觀。

Over time, aesthetics alone weren't enough.

隨著時間的推移，僅有美觀是不夠的。

It's unclear if these individuals were good before joining, but this illustrates the power of group influence.

目前還不清楚這些人在加入之前是否優秀，但這說明了群體影響的力量。

Many people claim to hate gossip, but join in when their friends talk negatively about someone.

許多人聲稱討厭流言蜚語，但當朋友們談論某人的負面時，他們也會加入其中。

We tend to adopt the attitudes of those we associate with.

我們傾向於採納與我們交往的人的態度。

並非所有團體都是表裡如一的。

You may think your views are forming organically when they're being pushed by those around you.

當你的觀點被周圍的人推崇時，你可能會認為自己的觀點是有機形成的。

For the health of our social lives, we are often encouraged to endorse our friends' viewpoints.

為了社交生活的健康發展，我們經常被鼓勵贊同朋友的觀點。

一個現代的例子就是 "亂倫 "群體。

Many incels aren't inherently resentful towards women.

許多亂倫者並非天生就對女性心懷怨恨。

They feel isolated and seek comfort in shared experiences.

他們感到孤立無援，在共同經歷中尋求安慰。

In these communities, they may find reassurance that their struggles are caused by women, not themselves.

在這些社區中，她們可能會發現，她們的掙扎是由婦女造成的，而不是她們自己。

While not all incels are violent, harmful rhetoric has led some to commit violence against women.

雖然並不是所有的 "亂倫者 "都有暴力傾向，但有害的言論已導致一些人對婦女施暴。

Sociologist Randy Blazak notes that teens, due to uncertainty and change, are especially vulnerable to joining violent groups.

社會學家蘭迪-布萊扎克指出，由於不確定性和變化，青少年特別容易加入暴力團體。

A single vice doesn't make a person evil, but if we let our vices control us, they can change us and influence our morals.

單一的惡習並不會讓一個人變得邪惡，但如果讓惡習控制我們，它們就會改變我們，影響我們的道德。

For example, a good person who tries gambling may find that the stress of large losses pushes them to do something out of desperation.

例如，一個善良的人在嘗試賭博時可能會發現，鉅額虧損的壓力會促使他們出於無奈而做出一些事情。

A porn addict may believe it's morally right to assault someone.

色情成癮者可能會認為攻擊他人在道德上是正確的。

People whose lives are controlled by drugs and alcohol may manipulate others or engage in criminal activity to fuel their addiction.

生活被毒品和酒精控制的人可能會操縱他人或參與犯罪活動來助長毒癮。

But most people have watched porn, gambled, or tried alcohol without a decline in their personality.

但大多數人看過色情片、賭過錢或酗過酒，人格卻沒有下降。

These vices alone don't make you a monster.

僅有這些惡習並不能使你成為怪物。

In many cases, there needs to be preexisting conditions that facilitate a shift in someone's ethics.

在許多情況下，需要有先存的條件來促進某人道德觀的轉變。

Research links addictive personality traits with criminal behavior.

研究將成癮性人格特徵與犯罪行為聯繫起來。

Issues like bipolar disorder can be worsened by alcohol, making mood swings worse.

酒精會加重躁鬱症等問題，使情緒波動更加嚴重。

A person who gets violent while drunk may have a mental condition that alcohol exacerbates.

醉酒後施暴的人可能患有精神疾病，而酒精會加重病情。

Vices alone don't make someone evil, but when combined with preexisting struggles like addiction or mental illness, they can lead to destructive behavior.

惡習本身並不會使人變得邪惡，但如果與毒癮或精神疾病等原有的掙扎結合在一起，就會導致破壞性行為。

So it's essential to understand that these challenges don't define a person's entire identity.

我們必須明白，這些挑戰並不能決定一個人的全部身份。

When a severely ill person or someone with an addictive personality becomes reliant on a vice, their morals could bend, turning an otherwise good person into a monster.

當重症患者或有成癮性人格的人依賴於某種惡習時，他們的道德觀就會發生扭曲，從而把一個原本善良的人變成怪物。

Addiction can happen to anyone, no matter how morally upstanding.

成癮可能發生在任何人身上，無論其道德多麼高尚。

We must learn not to demonize addicts and people who are suffering from mental illness.

我們必須學會不妖魔化癮君子和精神病患者。

Love and community have been shown to help people overcome addiction more effectively than ostracism.

事實證明，愛和社區比排斥更有效地幫助人們克服毒癮。

Sometimes being good also requires bravery.

It's difficult to say no when your friends want to pick on someone.

當你的朋友想找茬時，你很難拒絕。

It's also difficult to say no to your family or your boss.

對家人或老闆說 "不 "也很困難。

For people in the military, the idea of disobeying orders and acting on independent principles is borderline unthinkable.

對於軍人來說，不服從命令、按獨立原則行事的想法幾乎是不可想象的。

In your own life, look at the groups you associate yourself with and whether or not their morals truly line up with your own.

在你自己的生活中，看看你所交往的群體，他們的道德觀是否與你的道德觀真正一致。

Hate groups are a breeding ground for turning good, but lost people into monsters.

仇恨團體是將善良但迷失的人變成怪物的溫床。

Loyalty to a group means nothing if being in that group requires you to abandon all of your own morals.

如果加入一個團體需要你放棄自己所有的道德，那麼對這個團體的忠誠就毫無意義。

Be aware of how your vices are affecting your personality.

意識到你的惡習是如何影響你的性格的。

If they're pushing you towards desperation, making you take advantage of the people who you care about, it might be time to try to make a change.

如果他們把你推向絕望，讓你利用你關心的人，也許是時候嘗試做出改變了。

The overarching lesson is that being good is difficult and no one is perfect.

最重要的一課是，做好人很難，沒有人是完美的。

Let's keep the conversation going in the comments.

What do you think makes good people monsters?

你認為是什麼讓好人成為怪物？

If you enjoyed this video, let us know by leaving a like.

如果你喜歡這部影片，請按讚告訴我們。

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記得訂閱 Psych2Go，瞭解更多類似影片，下期再見。