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What is polarisation?
什麼是極化？
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Light bouncing off objects allows us to see them.
光在物體上的反彈使我們能夠看到物體。
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Light is an oscillating electromagnetic wave.
光是一種振盪的電磁波。
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We see different frequencies of that oscillation as different colours.
我們看到不同頻率的振盪呈現出不同的顏色。
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The electric field component of a light wave can oscillate in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel.
光波的電場分量可以在垂直於傳播方向的任何方向上振盪。
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Light from the sun oscillates in all directions.
來自太陽的光線會向各個方向擺動。
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We say it is unpolarised.
我們說它是無極性的。
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If the waves have a preferred direction of oscillation, they are polarised.
如果波有偏好的振盪方向，它們就是極化的。
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For example, light from your phone is vertically polarised.
例如，手機發出的光線是垂直偏振的。
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Your polarised sunglasses are a polarised filter.
你的偏光太陽鏡就是一個偏光濾鏡。
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Here, they let vertical polarisation through.
在這裡，它們允許垂直極化通過。
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If we rotate them, almost all the polarised light gets blocked.
如果我們旋轉它們，幾乎所有偏振光都會被擋住。
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Light produced by a torch is unpolarised.
手電筒發出的光沒有極性。
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When we place a polarised filter in between, the light becomes polarised.
當我們在兩者之間放置一個偏振濾光片時，光線就變成了偏振光。
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In space, randomly moving hot gas or plasma emits unpolarised light, like the torch.
在太空中，隨機移動的熱氣體或等離子體會發出非偏振光，就像火炬一樣。
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Plasma threaded by a magnetic field is ordered and the emitted light is polarised.
被磁場穿透的等離子體是有序的，發出的光也是偏振的。
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The magnetic field acts as a polarised filter.
磁場就像一個偏振濾波器。
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The strong gravity near a black hole bends the magnetic field and twists the polarisation direction of the light from the surrounding plasma.
黑洞附近的強大引力會彎曲磁場，並扭曲來自周圍等離子體的光的偏振方向。
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The polarised light rays that manage to escape travel to a distant camera.
僥倖逃脫的偏振光射向遠處的照相機。
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The intensity of the light rays and their direction are what we observe with the Event Horizon Telescope.
我們用事件地平線望遠鏡觀測到的是光線的強度和方向。
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Using this knowledge, we can map out the magnetic fields that surround black holes.
利用這些知識，我們可以繪製出黑洞周圍的磁場圖。
