The word itself comes from two Greek words namely: "Onto," which means existence or being

這個詞本身來自兩個希臘字，即："Onto,"，意思是存在或被

real, and "Logia" which means science, or study.

"真實 "和 "Logia"意為科學或研究。

The word Ontology is used both in a philosophical context and a non-philosophical context.

本體論一詞既用於哲學範疇，也用於非哲學範疇。

Let's start with the former. Ontology in a philosophical context, well it's basically the study of

讓我們從前者開始。 在哲學語境中，本體論基本上是研究

what exists, what is being real, what is real.

什麼是存在的，什麼是真實的，什麼是真實的。

And examples of Philosophical Ontology questions could be - What are the fundamental parts of

哲學本體論問題的例子可以是--"人 "的基本部分是什麼？

the world and how are they related to each other? Are physical parts more real than immaterial

它們之間的關係如何？ 物質部分是否比非物質部分更真實？

concepts; for example, are physical objects such as shoes more real than the concept of walking?

例如，鞋子等實物是否比 "走路 "的概念更真實？

And in terms of what exists, what is the relationship between shoes and walking?

那麼，就存在的事物而言，鞋子和行走之間有什麼關係呢？

And why is Ontology important in philosophy? Well, philosophers use this concept of Ontology

本體論在哲學中為何重要？ 哲學家們使用本體論這一概念的原因是

to discuss questions, to build theories and models, and to consequently better understand the

討論問題，建立理論和模型，從而更好地理解

Ontological status of the world.

世界的本體論地位。

And over time there has been two major branches:

隨著時間的推移，主要有兩個分支：

Ontological Materialism and Ontological Idealism.

本體論唯物主義和本體論唯心主義。

Materialism from a philosophical perspective is the belief that material things are just particles,

從哲學角度看，唯物主義認為物質只是微粒、

chemical processes, and energy are more real than, for example, the human mind. So, the overall

化學過程和能量比人類思維等更真實。 是以，總體而言

belief within Ontological Materialism is that reality of exists regardless of a human observer.

本體論唯物主義認為，現實的存在與人類觀察者無關。

In Ontological Idealism, on the other hand, the belief is that immaterial phenomenon, such as the

而在本體論唯心主義中，人們相信非物質現象，比如

human mind and the consciousness are more real than the material things. And the belief here is

人的思想和意識比物質更真實。 這裡的信念是

that the reality is constructed in the mind of the observer.

現實是在觀察者的頭腦中構建的。

Moving on, I told you this is just a general introduction to the concept.

接下來，我說過這只是對概念的一般性介紹。

In a non- philosophical context, Ontology is used in a different, more narrow meaning. Here

在非哲學語境中，"本體論 "有著不同的、更狹義的含義。 在這裡

Ontology is the description of what exists specifically within a determined field.

本體論是對某一確定領域內具體存在的事物的描述。

For example, every part that exists within a specific information system and this includes the

例如，存在於特定信息系統中的每個部分，包括

relationship and hierarchy between these parts.

這些部分之間的關係和層次。

And, unlike the philosophers, these researchers are not primarily interested in discussing if these

而且，與哲學家不同，這些研究者的主要興趣並不在於討論這些研究是否

things are the true essence or core of the system. And, nor are they discussing if the parts within

事物才是系統的真正本質或核心。 而且，他們也不是在討論，如果系統內部的各個部分

the system are more real, compared to the processes that take place within the system. Rather,

與系統內發生的過程相比，"系統 "中的 "過程 "更為真實。 相反、

they are focused on naming parts and processes and

它們的重點是命名部件和工序，以及

grouping similar ones together within categories.

在類別中把相似的歸為一類。

So, here are some more examples of the use of Ontology outside philosophy. It's also used in

下面是本體論在哲學之外的應用實例。 它還用於

Social Ontology; here the idea is to describe society and the difference parts and processes

社會本體論；這裡的理念是描述社會以及不同的部分和過程

within society. And the purpose of Social Ontology then could be to simply understand and

在社會中。 那麼，社會本體論的目的可能只是為了理解和

describe the underlying structures that affect individuals and groups.

描述影響個人和群體的潛在結構。

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