you'll learn how to function effectively in a cross-cultural environment in North America, in Britain, and so on,

你會學到如何在一個跨文化的環境中保持適當的禮儀─ 像北美、英國等等，

and what you should not do. This is actually one of two videos that I've recorded.

以及不該觸碰的點。事實上，這是我錄過兩部影片中的其中一部。

The other one is on good manners, and this one is about bad manners.

另一部影片是針對好的禮儀，而這部是有關於不禮貌的行為。

This one is about what you should not do when you're in North America or in England. Okay?

這部影片講述了當你在北美或英國時不該有的行為。好嗎？

So, I've divided it between what you should not say and what you should not do. Let's have a look.

所以我把它分成「什麼是不該說的」以及「什麼事不該做的」。一起來看看吧。

So in terms of speaking, when you're speaking in a group or in a public place, try not to speak in a very loud voice.

就說話而言，當你在群體中或是公開場合發言，試著不要很大聲的說話。

Don't speak too loudly, keep your volume relative to other people's volume. All right?

不要說話太大聲，把音量降低至和其他人同樣大小就好。可以嗎？

Listen. Now again, everything that I'm going to say to you here remember always take it with a pinch of salt.

聽好，記得永遠對所有我在這裡說的東西存疑。

What does this expression mean? Understand that it's not 100% like that, but generally speaking it's like that. Okay?

這是什麼意思？了解它並不完全等於會使用它，雖然一般而言是如此。

Next one, in a public situation such as a party, try to avoid controversial subjects.

下個是在一個公開場合像是派對，試著避開有爭議性的話題。

What does that mean? A controversial subject is something where people have strong views such as religion or politics.

什麼意思呢？有爭議性的主題指的是人們在某些方面，例如宗教或是政治上，

We try to avoid these subjects, for example: at a social occasion, at a wedding,

有強烈的觀點。我們會試著避開這些話題，比如說在社交場合、婚禮、

or a party because if you get into a discussion with someone on these subjects,

或是派對上。因為如果你與某人針對這類主題進行討論時，

it can become a little bit aggressive, it can become a little bit angry,

這是會帶點冒犯意味的，可能會使人不悅，

and perhaps that's not very kind to your host or hostess that are planning a pleasant kind of event.

而且或許那對於打算籌劃一個和樂融融的活動的男或女主人來說，是非常不友善的。

So remember to keep that in mind. Of course, with your own friends or people you know well

所以記得將它牢記心中。當然，你的確可以和你很了解的朋友們

or people you see often, you do share your views on these subjects and that may be perfectly okay.

或是你常見面的人，分享你關於這類議題的看法，那會是再好不過的了。

All right? Next, we also avoid speaking about money.

可以嗎？接下來，我們也會避談與錢相關的事。

I know that money is, of course, a great interest to everyone,

我知道對於每個人來說，錢固然能引起注意，

but we usually do not ask people that we don't know well or acquaintances or people we've just met,

但我們通常不會對我們不太熟悉、或是剛認識不久的人問這類問題，

we don't ask them questions like, "How much do you make? How much do you earn?

我們並不會問他們像「你賺多少錢？」

How much did you pay for your house or your car?" or something else. We don't ask that because it's not polite.

「你在房子和車子上花了多少錢？」這類或其他的問題。我們並不會問那些問題，因為那太不禮貌了。

Okay? Of course, again, with people you know well, you may share that information.

好嗎？當然，你可以分享這類的資訊給你很熟悉的人。

And if somebody decides to share that with you, that's fine, but you try to avoid asking it.

而如果有人想要主動和你分享這類話題，那也很好，但你要試著不要主動提問這種問題。

Next is not to ask personal questions. What do I mean by personal questions?

接下來是，不要問私人問題。我所指的私人問題是什麼呢？

You don't usually ask people how old they are, or how much do they weigh, or something like that,

你通常不會問人們的年紀、體重、或類似的問題，

or how many, If they're married or if they have kids. Now again, if you're a married person

或者如果他們已婚或有子女，那他們共生了幾個？如果你已婚，

and you have children and you meet another married person and it's clear that he or she has children,

而且有子女，然後你遇到了一位明顯有子女的已婚人士，

it's perfectly fine to talk about how old your children are because it's obvious that you all have children.

談論你們的小孩多大了是再好不過的，因為你們倆很明顯都有孩子。

So I don't mean to never ask them, but if you meet just one person you don't want to start asking them,

所以我的意思並不是要你永遠避談這種問題，但如果你遇到一個人，你總不會想以，

"Oh, why don't you have children?"

「噢，你怎麼不生個孩子呢？」

or something like that because that's giving advice very early when you barely know somebody

或其他像這類的問題來開頭吧，因為那等同於你在幾乎不瞭解對方的情況下馬上給予對方建議，

and people don't like that kind of advice usually.

而人們通常不喜歡這樣。

Next is avoid talking about yourself because that can sometimes seem like you're boasting.

接著，避免談到自己，因為這有時會讓你看起來像在自誇。

Now of course, that doesn't mean not to give information about yourself, but not to talk too much about yourself.

那當然不是指不要提供有關於你的資訊，而是不要對自己有太多著墨。

When you talk too much about yourself then people feel that you're, you just care about yourself.

當你談了太多關於你自己的事時，人們會覺得你只關心自己。

Instead of that, show, tell a little bit about yourself,

表現自己、說一點點關於你的事，

and then turn the conversation and turn the focus and the attention onto the other person;

然後把這個談話、焦點及注意力都轉移到對方身上，

ask them about themselves. Okay, the next point is not to interrupt people.

問問有關他們自己的事，而不要像剛才提及的那樣。好，下個重點是不要打斷別人的話。

In many different cultures there's many different rules about this,

在很多不同的文化中，對於這點都有許多不同的規定，

but in North America generally when one person is speaking, we try to wait until they finish speaking

但在北美來說，當一個人在說話時，我們通常會等到他們說完，

and then we say what we want to say. Try not to interrupt while other people are speaking.

我們才會說我們想說的話。試著不要在別人說話的時候打斷他。

Last point here is about speaking when your mouth is full. Don't do it. In other words,

在這部分的最後一個重點是有關在滿嘴食物時說話。別這麼做。換句話說，

don't eat and talk at the same time. Eat, if you're at a dinner, eat, finish eating, and then speak.

不要邊吃邊說話。吃東西─如果你在吃晚餐─繼續吃，吃完它，然後再說話。

Nobody likes to see all that food inside your mouth

沒有人喜歡看到你嘴裡的所有食物，當你嘴裡有東西時，

and neither can we understand you very clearly when you have something in your mouth, so avoid that.

我們也無法清楚了解你在說什麼，所以迴避這個行為。

Next, let's look at some things which you should not do. Don't stare at people.

接下來讓我們看看哪些事情是你不該做的。不要瞪著別人看。

Don't stare at women. Also. I know that when I had some students from other countries,

也不要瞪著女性瞧。我會這麼說是因為我有以些來自其他國家的學生，

they said to me that when they came to Canada, they didn't understand when men were interested in them

她們跟我說過當她們來加拿大，有男性對她們有興趣時，她們無法察覺，

because in their country, men normally looked at them when they walked down the street,

因為在她們的國家裡，男性通常在她們走在街上時看著她們，

and here men don't usually do that. They look, but they don't look... show that they're looking.

但通常這裡的男性卻不是如此。他們會看，但他們看起來.，不會表現出他們正在看。

So the women, the woman said to me: "I don't know when anybody likes me because nobody's looking at me."

所以她們，她對我說：「我不知道有沒有人喜歡我，因為沒有人在盯著我看」，

So I explained to her that, because she was a very attractive girl,

所以我解釋給她聽─因為她是個非常有吸引力的女孩─

that I'm sure a lot of people like you and like the way you look, but they're not going to show it.

我確定很多人都喜歡你，也喜歡你的樣子，只是他們並不想表現出來而已。

So in a North American environment, usually we don't try to stare at strangers.

所以在北美的環境中，我們通常不會盯著陌生人看。

Okay? So keep that in mind. Next point is when you meet someone for the first time,

所以要記住。下個要點是當你與某人第一次會面，

it is not the custom to kiss. All right? Even the polite kiss on the cheek, we don't do that.

親吻並不是慣例。即使是在臉頰上的禮貌親吻，我們也不那麼做。

In some countries, it is perfectly acceptable and in fact that's part of their custom,

在有些國家中，親吻是完全可被接受的，且事實上那是習俗的一部份，

but in North American, in North America- no. Just shake hands and that's enough.

但在北美─並不會。只有握手，那就夠了。

Later, when the relationship becomes friendlier, warmer then sometimes we do give each other a little kiss on the cheek

之後，當關係變得更加友好時，我們有時確實會有在對方頰上輕吻這類較溫暖的舉動，

but be a little...., better to be careful about that rather than to do it too soon.

但只是輕微的...最好注意不要過早為之。

Okay? Next is to avoid touching people too much when you're talking to them,

接下來：當你在和他人說話時，避免太多肢體接觸

or don't touch them at all; if there's a stranger, try to avoid touching them.

或是完全不要碰觸到他們，如果是對陌生人說話，盡量不要碰觸到他們。

Again, it's a general rule. Sometimes men when they meet, they will slap each other on the back

這是常規。有時候當男性在會面時會互相拍擊對方的背

or something like that. But on the whole, if you're not certain, it's better not to do that

或類似的動作。但一般說來，如果你沒把握，那就最好不要做這種動作，

and just a shaking of hands or something like that is enough. Also, if you bump into someone,

只要握手或類似動作就行了。還有，如果你撞上某人，

try..., when you're walking down the street, try to avoid bumping into people,

當你走在街上，試著避免撞到別人，

it's not expected and if it happens, apologize.

這最好不要發生，但如果不小心遇上了─那就道歉。

Next, avoid any kind of what could be considered sort of uncultured behavior,

接下來避免任何看似不文雅的舉動─

which would mean things like spitting in a public place, or scratching your head,

像是在公開場合吐痰、抓頭、

or scratching yourself in some private place, or burping, or farting, or anything like that.

或者抓任何一個私密處、或打嗝、放屁、或任何類似的動作。

Avoid all of those things. That is not considered polite at all. Next is when you're walking, even when you're walking down a street,

避免做出以上的行為。那非常不禮貌。接著，當你在走路─甚至當你就走在街上時，

if you see two people coming, and them seem, it's clear they're talking to each other,

如果你看見有兩個人走過來，而且他們很明顯地在和對方交談，

try to avoid walking right between them, walk around them.

盡量不要從他們中間走過；繞過他們。

If you have to walk through two people who are speaking to each other or who are clearly together

如果你不得已必須穿過兩個正在交談的，或是明顯是情侶的人，

then make sure you say, "excuse me," "I'm sorry," something like that as you pass.

那麼確定當你穿越他們時要說聲像「借過」、「對不起；不好意思」之類的話。

But otherwise, avoid that; find a way around them. Next, don't be impatient in your speech or in your body language.

但以其他方面來講，盡量不要；想辦法繞過他們走。接下來：在你的言辭或手勢中，不要表現出不耐煩的樣子。

When someone is talking to you, don't go: "Yes, uh huh, uh huh, right, yes, yes. And then?"

當有人在和你說話時，不要說：「對，嗯哼，對，是，然後呢？」

So when you do things like that, people understand that you're trying to rush them,

催他們快點說下去，當你這麼做時，人們會覺得你在

you're trying to hurry them like you're boring them, like you already can read their mind

就好像你覺得他們很煩，就像你已經讀透他們的心，

and you know what they want to say, so don't do that. Wait patiently, listen.

而且你知道他們接下 來要說什麼，所以別這麼做。耐心地等、然後傾聽。

Sometimes we do these things with people we live with and this probably not very nice there either,

有時候我們會對和我們生活在一起的人如此，而那可能也不太好，

but it may be okay at home to do that. It's not really okay to do that with others.

但在家裡那也許是可以的。對別人的話就真的不是個好主意。

The next thing is going to be tricky and you're going to ask me,

下一個有點難處理而且你可能會問我：

"Like what are you talking about? There are so many cologne and perfume companies."

「你在說什麼？有那麼多的古龍水和香水公司。」

But I have written here in an office situation, in a business environment, don't wear cologne or perfume.

但我在這裡指的是正式場合，在商業場合中，不要噴古龍水或香水。

Yes, I am saying that. Why? Because in many office environments in North America today,

是，我指的就是那樣。為什麼？因為現今在北美很多正式場合中，

they are considered sort of fragrance-free zones. Because of the fact that many people have allergies,

是不允許噴香水的。因為很多人都會對香味過敏，

they are, it is recommended that people don't use cologne.

所以人們最好不要噴古龍水。

If you have to use cologne, use very, very little or just have, just be clean,

如果你真的需要噴古龍水，噴非常、非常少量就好或者...只要保持整潔就好，

but don't use cologne or perfume. Certainly don't drench yourself in that; don't use too much.

但最好還是別用古龍水或香水。千萬別噴太多；別讓自己浸在古龍水裡。

Now, if you go to a party, again, yes you can use cologne or perfume, but don't use too much;

假如你現在要參加派對，那麼，你當然可以使用古龍水或香水，但別用太多；

don't overpower people because somebody who might be sensitive to smell will actually not like that at all,

別讓大家太受不了那個味道，因為對氣味敏感的人絕對不會喜歡的─

which is not your intention. Okay?

你也不想這樣吧？

And the last one which is part of that is about body odor. Don't smell bad. Now, you might wonder,

最後一點，跟上一點有關的，就是體味。別讓自己有異味。現在你可能會想：

"Well, that's why I use the cologne." No, you don't want to use the cologne to hide your body odor, no.

「對啊，那就是我用古龍水的原因。」並不是這樣，你並不會用古龍水去蓋掉你的體味，不是的。

What you want to do is you want to be clean. That means your mouth should be fresh,

你想要的只是想保持整潔。指的就是你的嘴巴必須保持清新：

brush your teeth, use breath freshener if you need to,

刷牙、如果需要的話就使用口臭芳香劑，

especially if you've just eaten food with a lot of spices in it. Also make sure you use deodorant.

尤其在你剛吃過含有很多辛香料的食物。你也要確定有用除臭劑。

We are not accustomed to the smell of sweat here, so use deodorant or antiperspirant so that you don't smell.

我們這裡的人不習慣汗臭味，所以你要用除臭劑和止汗劑才不會讓你身上有味道。

Also make sure you take a shower regularly. And make sure your clothes don't smell of wherever you've been

再來你還需要確保你經常洗澡。確保你的衣服不會有任何你去過的地方的味道─

because clothes can hold on to the smell of food,

因為衣服會附著食物、

or tobacco, or marijuana, or alcohol, and all kinds of things.

煙草、大麻、酒精、及任何東西的味道。

So make sure that your clothes are clean and that they don't smell of something,

所以確認你的衣服是乾淨且沒有任何味道的，

particularly if you're going to an interview or something like that or if you're going to a party as well. Okay?

尤其在你要去面試之類或是要去派對時。

So I believe that if you do these 15 things, or rather if you don't do these 15 things,

所以，我相信只要你做以上這15件事，或是不要做這15件事，

you will be very effective in a North American culture. Thank you very much for watching.

你在北美文化的環境中一定能應付自如。非常謝謝您的收看。

If you'd like to subscribe to my channel on YouTube, please do that. And if you'd like to do a quiz on this subject,

如果你想要訂閱我在YouTube上的頻道，非常歡迎。還有如果你想針對這個主題做測驗的話，

please go to our website: www.engvid.com. Thank you very much.

請到我們的網站：www.engvid.com.。非常謝謝你。