Name: 【TED-Ed】歌德民族簡史 (A brief history of goths - Dan Adams)
Uploaded: 2017-11-17T21:59:57.000Z
Duration: 5 min 31 s
Description: View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/a-brief-his...\n\nWhat do fans of atmospheric post-punk music have in common with ancient barbarians? Not much ... so...

What do fans of atmospheric  post-punk music

or a deeper connection stretching  across the centuries?

或其中有更深的淵源存在於幾個世紀

As the Roman Empire expanded, it faced raids and invasions

羅馬帝國擴張後，面臨外族入侵

from the semi-nomadic populations  along its borders.

Among the most powerful were a Germanic people known as Goths

其中最兇悍的是日耳曼人，也就是哥德族

While some of the Germanic tribes remained Rome's enemies,

當時部分日耳曼民族仍與羅馬帝國對抗

the Empire incorporated others into the imperial army.

但羅馬收編其他日耳曼族成為帝國軍隊

these tribal armies played larger roles in its defense

這些蠻族軍是抵禦外敵的重要角色

In the 5th century, a mercenary revolt lead by a soldier named Odoacer

五世紀時，奧多亞塞發動傭兵戰爭

captured Rome and deposed the Western Emperor.

Odoacer and his Ostrogoth successor Theoderic

奧多亞塞和東歌德的繼承者狄奧多里克大帝

technically remained under the Eastern Emperor's authority

But the Western Empire would never be united again.

Its dominions fragmented into kingdoms ruled by Goths

though many of their names still mark the map.

and the beginning of what many call the Dark Ages.

Although Roman culture was never fully lost,

its influence declined and new art styles arose

文化影響減少，隨後新的藝術風格興起

focused on religious symbolism and allegory

with the construction of the Abbey of Saint Denis in France in 1137.

例如 1137 年位於法國的聖但尼聖殿

Pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large windows

made the structure more skeletal and ornate.

That emphasized its open,  luminous interior

rather than the sturdy walls and columns of Classical buildings.

有別以往傳統建築的堅厚牆壁以及圓柱風格

this became a model for Cathedrals throughout Europe.

此建築風格成為歐洲教堂的楷模

With the Italian Renaissance's renewed admiration for Ancient Greece and Rome,

義大利文藝復興崇尚古希臘、古羅馬的建築特色

the more recent style began to seem crude and inferior in comparison.

相較下，當代建築風格更顯得低俗又毫無設計感

Writing in his 1550 book,  "Lives of the Artists,"

1550 年瓦薩里出版的傳記「藝苑名人傳」之中

Giorgio Vasari was the first to describe it as Gothic,

首次使用歌德式稱呼此建築風格

thought to have destroyed  Classical civilization.

The name stuck, and soon came to describe the Medieval period overall,

此臭名遠播，隨即用來稱呼整個中世紀

with its associations of darkness, superstition, and simplicity.

比喻中世紀的黑暗、迷信、愚昧

But time marched on, as did what was considered fashionable.

隨時代轉變，歌德式風格成為藝術流行

In the 1700s, a period called the Enlightenment came about,

which valued scientific reason  above all else.

Reacting against that, Romantic authors like Goethe and Byron

有別於浪漫主義作家歌德和拜倫

sought idealized visions of a past of natural landscapes

Here, the word Gothic  was repurposed again

這時，「歌德」這詞被重新定義

to describe a literary genre that emerged as a darker strain of Romanticism.

用來形容浪漫主義文學的黑色格調

The term was first applied  by Horace Walpole

這詞首次出現在霍勒斯．渥波爾

to his own 1764 novel,  "The Castle of Otranto"

1764 年出版的小說「奧特蘭托堡」

as a reference to the plot and general atmosphere.

Many of the novel's elements became genre staples

inspiring classics and the countless movies they spawned.

激勵出很多經典文學以及無數的電影作品

The gothic label belonged to literature and film until the 1970s

直到 1970 年代，歌德式標籤一直跟著文學以及電影界

Taking cues from artists like The Doors and The Velvet Underground,

例如：門戶樂團、地下絲絨樂團

combined gloomy lyrics  and punk dissonance

with imagery inspired  by the Victorian era,

By the early 1980s, similar bands were consistently described

1980 年代早期，相似的樂團持續出現

and the style's popularity brought it out of dimly lit clubs

歌德音樂受到歡迎，把昏暗的地下搖滾

搖身一變成為主流音樂還上音樂頻道

And today, despite occasional negative media attention and stereotypes,

現今，即便偶爾仍有負面媒體評論以及刻板印象

Gothic music and fashion continue as a strong underground phenomenon.

歌德式音樂和打扮已成為地下文化

The history of the word gothic is embedded

in thousands of years  worth of countercultural movements,

to towering spires  replacing solid columns

變成高聳尖塔建築取代實心圓柱

and a tendency for civilization to reach into its past to reshape its present.

也是文明取源過往，重塑現代的表徵