Angelina Jolie, academy award winner, mother of six, partner to Brad Pitt, United Nations global ambassador,

安潔莉娜．裘莉是奧斯卡得主、6 名子女的母親、布萊德．彼特的伴侶、聯合國親善大使，

and now, a recipient of a double mastectomy, though she doesn't even have cancer.

現在還是一位接受雙乳切除手術的患者，雖然她並未罹患癌症。

Jolie says she chose to have her breasts removed to reduce her chance of getting the disease that cost her mother her life.

裘莉表示，她選擇切除雙乳是為了降低罹患這個奪走她母親性命疾病的風險。

Now her decision and her choice to make it public has put the spotlight on preventive surgery,

而她的決定以及將它公諸於世的選擇，使預防性手術的議題備受關注，

and I'm joined now by VOA health reporter Linord Moudou to talk more about it.

我們邀請到美國之音健康記者 Linord Moudou 來我多聊聊這個議題。

Linord, welcome back to the program.

Linord，歡迎再次光臨。

- Hello, Alex, it's so good to be back.　- It's great to have you.

- Alex，妳好，我很高興能回來。 - 是我們的榮幸。

Now, Angelina is, of course, not just a star in the United States,

當然，安潔莉娜不僅在美國是巨星，

she has a following all around the world, including in Africa, which is your area of focus.

她在世界各地都有許多追隨者，包括妳所關注的非洲地區。

So, what does an announcement like this mean to African women?

那麼，像這樣的公開聲明對非洲女性有什麼層面的意義？

To women in general around the world, I think it's something very, very important, because, her being such a famous person, it brings attention to breast cancer.

我覺得對世界各國的所有女性而言，這都是一個極為重要的聲明，因為她的名氣，讓大眾聚焦乳癌議題。

But in Africa, in particular, because breast cancer is very devastating on the continent.

這對非洲女性來說，意義尤為重大，因為乳癌在當地有著毀滅性的影響。

Although it's not the same type of breast cancer—it's triple-negative breast cancer—but still, the whole issue of breast cancer is on the map.

雖然是不同類型的乳癌──非洲是三陰性乳癌──這個議題仍引起了全面關注。

A woman will think about it, a woman will be aware, and they will start talking about it, and talk to their doctors about it.

女性會開始思考這件事、有警覺性、開始討論乳癌並向醫生諮詢。

So I think that her coming out with that issue is a very, very important step.

所以我認為她公開談論這個議題事非常重要的一步。

And let's talk about, specifically, her discovery of this.

我們接著探究她發現這個問題的過程。

She had genetic testing to check to see if she had mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, right?

她曾經接受基因檢測，確認她是否有 BRCA1 和 BRCA2 基因突變，對吧？

So, what—Tell us about that, how that testing works and what exactly she discovered that caused her to take this step.

那是什麼──請跟我們說明一下，那個檢驗的原理，以及究竟是什麼發現讓她決定採取這一步？

Well, according to reports, she went to her doctors and she took a blood test, and they run through everything and they discovered that she had the mutation of the gene.

根據報導指出，她去看醫生並驗血，然後做了各式檢測後，結果發現她有該基因突變。

And these genes, BRC1—as you said, BRCA1—BRCA1 and BRCA2 are very critical in terms of developing breast cancer.

而這些基因，BRC1──如你說的 BRCA1──BRCA1 和 BRCA2 對於乳癌的生成至關重要。

Women who have this mutation have an 87% chance of developing breast cancer, and 50% chance of developing ovarian cancer.

有這種基因突變的女性，罹患乳癌的機率有 87%，而罹患卵巢癌的機率則是 50%。

So when she saw that, I suppose and I guess according to reports, her doctors recommended that that was an option for her to prevent the condition from developing in the future.

我猜想並根據報導推測，醫生推薦了她這一個避免未來發生病變的選擇。

But for other women who might get the testing and see that they also have this mutation, is this the answer for everyone?

但對於可能接受檢測並發現自己也有此基因變異的其他女性而言，這是適用每個人的解決之道嗎？

It is not the answer for everyone.

這並不是適用於所有人的解答。

Again, it depends on age of woman, and what the doctor will tell her, but, no it's not—a woman who has been diagnosed with this doesn't have to run and get a double mastectomy.

我重申，這取決於女性的年紀和醫生的建言，但這不是──就算有這個診斷結果的女性並不見得需要急著安排雙乳切除手術。

It depends, according to experts, it depends on each case, and...

根據專家表示，情況依每個案例而異，然後...

So each woman will have to see her family history, her diet, her age, and so many other factors that come into play before deciding the right type of preventive treatment.

所以每個女性案例都要參考家族病史、飲食習慣、年紀，還有其他許多起作用的因素，才能決定正確的預防性治療。

- All right, Linord, thank you so much, great to have you back again.　- Thank you.

- 好的，Linord，非常感謝妳，很榮幸再次邀請到妳。 - 謝謝。

- Good to see you.　- Good to be here.

- 很高興見到你。 - 來這裡我很開心。

Linord Moudou is VOA's TV to Africa health reporter and host of the Health Chat radio program. Again, thanks for being on.

Linord Moudou 是美國之音 TV to Africa 頻道的醫療記者以及 Health Chat 電台主持人。再次感謝妳光臨。