Catherine: and I'm Catherine. Hello.

凱瑟琳：我是凱瑟琳。你好，我是凱瑟琳。

Neil: Hello, Catherine!

你好，凱瑟琳！

I want to know, what sort of things make you feel angry?

我想知道，什麼樣的事情會讓你感到憤怒？

Catherine: Many things make me feel angry, Neil.

凱瑟琳很多事情都讓我感到憤怒，尼爾。

But one thing that makes me regularly angry is when people put the wrong rubbish in the wrong bins.

但有一件事讓我經常生氣，那就是人們把垃圾放錯了垃圾箱。

Neil: Yes, that makes me angry too.

尼爾：是的，這讓我也很生氣。

Catherine: Does it?

凱瑟琳是嗎？

Neil: It's not very thoughtful, is it?

尼爾：它'不是很周到，是嗎？

Catherine: Not really, no.

凱瑟琳不是真的，沒有。

Neil: So, you may feel angry about people putting rubbish in the wrong bin but do you get aggressive?

尼爾：所以，你可能會因為別人把垃圾放錯了垃圾箱而感到生氣，但你會不會變得很凶？

That's behaving in an angry way,

這就是行為上的憤怒。

looking like you want to argue or even fight with someone?

看起來你想與人爭論甚至打架？

Catherine: No. I don't really get aggressive about wheelie bins, to be honest.

凱瑟琳。不，我不'我真的得到 積極的輪箱，說實話。

Neil: Well I tend to control my anger too

我也傾向於控制自己的怒氣

and keep calm but I have been known to react

保持冷靜，但我已經知道，以反應

especially if someone is damaging some of my property.

特別是如果有人破壞我的一些財產。

Catherine: Wow. Really?

凱瑟琳。哇，真的嗎？真的嗎？

Neil: Yeah. I can't stand it.

尼爾：是的，我受不了。

It comes out of the blue

它是突然冒出來的

it's completely unexpected.

它'完全出乎意料。

But I'm glad to say I feel quite calm today.

但我'很高興地說，我今天感覺很平靜。

Catherine: I'm glad to hear it, Neil.

凱瑟琳我很高興聽到這個消息，尼爾。

But today we are talking about aggression

但今天我們要談的是侵略性

and we'll look at what we can learn about human aggression

我們會看看我們能學到什麼關於人類的侵略性。

by some examples from the animal kingdom.

通過一些動物王國的例子。

Neil: That's right.

尼爾：那'是的。

Now, are you ready to answer today's quiz question, Catherine?

現在，你準備好回答今天的測驗問題了嗎，凱瑟琳？

Catherine: In a very calm and non-aggressive way,

凱瑟琳在一個非常平靜和非攻擊性的方式。

I would like you to give me the question.

我想請你給我一個問題。

Neil: When attacked, what does a baboon typically do to show aggression?

尼爾：當受到攻擊時，狒狒一般會做什麼來表現出攻擊性？

Does it... a) beat its chest

它是否......a)捶胸頓足？

b) yawn and show its teeth

b) 打哈欠，齜牙咧嘴

or c) laugh and roll on the ground

或 c) 笑著在地上打滾

Catherine: Well... I'd love to think of an angry baboon laughing and rolling on the ground.

凱瑟琳嗯...我'很樂意去想一隻憤怒的狒狒笑著在地上打滾的樣子。

But I'm going to go for b) yawn and show its teeth.

但我'要選擇b)打哈欠，露出它的牙齒。

Neil: OK. Well, we'll see if you right or wrong a bit later on.

尼爾：好的。 好吧，我們'以後再看你是對還是錯一點。

Now, Catherine, how do you usually act when you're angry or upset about something?

現在，凱瑟琳，當你生氣或不高興的時候，你通常會怎麼做？

Catherine: I generally let people know how I feel to be honest.

凱瑟琳我一般都會讓別人知道我的感受，說實話。

I don't go over the top and hit people, but also I don't sulk about things.

我不會過分的去打人，但也不會為一些事情生悶氣。

And sulk means when you refuse to smile

而悶悶不樂的意思是，當你拒絕微笑的時候。

or speak because you want to let people know you are upset about something.

或說話，因為你想讓別人知道你對某事感到不高興。

Neil: Sulking is quite childish, isn't it Catherine?

尼爾：生悶氣是很幼稚的，是不是&#39；凱瑟琳？

Catherine: It is. Are you a sulker, Neil?

凱瑟琳是的你是個沉不住氣的人嗎，尼爾？

Neil: I don't sulk, I don't think.

尼爾：我不'生悶氣，我不'想。

But as I said I don't often get angry.

但我說過，我不經常生氣。

I'm a very well balanced and grounded person, Catherine.

我是一個非常平衡和接地氣的人，凱瑟琳。

Catherine: Really, very good. I'm pleased to hear it, Neil.

凱瑟琳真的，非常好。我&#39；很高興聽到這個消息，尼爾。

Anyway, well balanced means sensible and in control of your emotions.

總之，平衡好就是理智，控制好自己的情緒。

And grounded means mentally and emotionally stable.

而接地氣就是指精神和情緒上的穩定。

Is that what you're saying, Neil?

這就是你的意思嗎，尼爾？

Neil: Yes, that's me.

尼爾：是的，就是我。

let's listen to Professor Simon Underdown talking about human behaviour.

讓我們'聽西蒙-安德唐教授談談人類的行為。

Can you spot a phrase that means 'the opposite side to an idea'?

你能發現一個短語，意思是'想法的反面&39;嗎？

Simon Underdown: One of the things humans are incredibly good at doing is being psychologists.

Simon Underdown:人類最擅長做的一件事就是做心理學家。

We'e very good at reading situations that we find ourselves in [...]

我們非常善於閱讀我們發現自己所處的情況[...]。

We're extremely good at picking up on signals.

我們'極善於捕捉信號。

What we can then do is trigger the appropriate response.

然後我們可以做的是觸發相應的反應。

If it's an empathetic response we may well need to then be sympathetic,

如果這是一種同情的反應，我們很可能需要那麼同情。

we maybe need to show our sort of fluffy side if you want.

如果你想的話，我們也許需要展示我們那種蓬鬆的一面。

But on the flipside from an evolutionary point of view the reason we are so successful

但反過來說，從進化論的角度來看，我們之所以如此成功？

and we're still here is because we can,

和我們'仍然在這裡是因為我們可以。

and when we need to, react aggressively to situations.

並在我們需要的時候，對情況做出積極的反應。

Neil: Did you spot the phrase?

尼爾：你發現這句話了嗎？

Flipside means the opposite side of an idea.

反面是指想法的反面。

And being aggressive is the flipside of being fluffy and sympathetic.

而咄咄逼人是蓬頭垢面、惺惺相惜的反面。

Catherine: Fluffy, by the way, is an adjective we often use to describe soft animal fur

凱瑟琳毛茸茸的，順便說一下，是一個形容詞，我們經常用 來形容柔軟的動物毛皮。

or feathers on young animals or soft toys for children.

或小動物身上的羽毛或兒童的軟玩具。

But here fluffy means behaviour that is soft

但在這裡，蓬鬆的意思是指行為是柔軟的

and unthreatening so it's the opposite of aggressive.

和沒有威脅性，所以它'的相反咄咄逼人。

Neil: And if you are empathetic you are able to share or understand another person's feelings.

尼爾：而如果你有同理心，你就能分享或理解他人'的感受。

That sounds like me!

這聽起來像我！

I'm an excellent empathizer, aren't I, Catherine?

我是一個優秀的同情者，不是嗎，凱瑟琳？

Catherine: Neil, you are absolutely totally full of ... empathy.

凱瑟琳尼爾，你絕對充滿了... 同理心。

Neil: Nice pause.

尼爾：休息得不錯。

Catherine: Thank you.

凱瑟琳。Catherine: Thank you.

Neil: Now, Simon also talks about humans being good at reading situations.

尼爾：現在，西蒙也談到了人類善於閱讀情況。

What does that mean, Catherine?

那是什麼意思，凱瑟琳？

Catherine: It means understanding what's going on.

凱瑟琳。這意味著瞭解什麼'是怎麼回事。

For example, if a male gorilla is screaming and breaking branches,

比如說，如果一隻雄性大猩猩在尖叫和折斷樹枝。

other gorillas will probably see this as a show of aggression.

其他大猩猩可能會認為這是一種侵略性的表現。

Neil: The male gorilla screams and breaks branches,

尼爾：雄性大猩猩尖叫著折斷樹枝。

signalling to the other gorillas that he's angry or upset.

向其他大猩猩發出信號，表示自己很生氣或不高興。

Signal here means a noise

這裡的信號指的是噪音

or a movement that gives someone information.

或給人提供資訊的運動。

Catherine: And the male gorilla's signal triggers a response from the other gorillas.

凱瑟琳。而雄性大猩猩的信號會引發其他大猩猩的反應。

This means one thing causes another thing to happen.

這意味著一件事導致另一件事的發生。

Neil: And when a man suddenly punches another man in the face,

而當一個人突然一拳打在另一個人的臉上。

what signal does that send?

那是什麼信號？

Catherine: Well, I think for me that would be a signal to leave!

凱瑟琳好吧，我想對我來說 這將是一個信號離開！

Neil: Yes. Quickly.

是的很快就好

Catherine: Yes, indeed.

凱瑟琳是的，確實如此。

And humans usually give signals just like the gorillas do,

而人類通常會像大猩猩一樣發出信號。

before they start a fight.

在他們開始打架之前。

So people might shout, or gesture with their arms.

所以人們可能會大喊大叫，或者用胳膊比劃。

And a gesture is a movement made with arms

而手勢就是用手臂做的動作。

or head to give someone else information.

或頭給別人資訊。

Now then, Neil.

現在，尼爾

Let's have our quiz question answer please.

讓我們'的測驗題答案請。

Neil: OK, OK, stop waving your arms around.

尼爾：好了，好了，別再揮舞著手臂了。

So I asked:

於是我問道。

When attacked, what does a baboon typically do to show aggression?

當受到攻擊時，狒狒一般會做什麼來表現出攻擊性？

Does it...a) beat its chest?

它是否......a)捶胸頓足？

b) yawn and show its teeth?

b）打著哈欠，露出牙齒？

or c) laugh and roll on the ground?

或c）笑著在地上打滾？

Catherine: And I said b).

凱瑟琳。我說b).

Neil: That's right. Well done!

尼爾：這&#39；是的。做得好!

Now let's hear today's words once again.

現在我們再來聽聽今天'的話。

Catherine: They are:

凱瑟琳。他們是。

out of the blue

無端端

aggressive

咄咄逼人

sulk

慪氣

well balanced

勻稱

grounded

踏實

flipside

反面

fluffy

蓬鬆

empathetic

同情

reading situations

閱讀情況

signal

信號

triggers a response

觸發響應

gesture

手勢

Neil: Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English.

尼爾：好了，今天的'6分鐘英語就到此為止。

Check out more programmes at bbclearningenglish.com.

更多課程請登錄bbclearningenglish.com查看。

Join us again soon.

很快就會再次加入我們。

Both: Bye.

都：再見。