Name: Why the US won't leave Cuba alone | Mapped Out
Uploaded: 2026-04-01T16:58:39.000Z
Duration: 14 min 12 s

May not be a friendly taker, it wouldn't matter.

可能不會是友善的接收者，但這並不重要。

古巴，古巴，古巴，古巴準備要垮了。

Decades of tensions are about to boil over.

Affecting the island's whole population: more than 10 million people.

影響了島上超過一千萬的居民。

Without power, hospitals have had to cancel surgeries.

There's no gas for the garbage trucks or for almost anyone else.

垃圾車沒油，幾乎所有人都沒油。

They're getting maybe 18 hours of blackouts.

他們一天大概有 18 小時的停電。

That electricity can come at like midnight, it can come at three in the morning.

這電力可能在午夜來，也可能在凌晨三點來。

And so Cubans are waking up in the middle of the night to get the rice cooked, to get water boiled, to make coffee, to charge everything.

所以古巴人會在半夜起床煮飯、燒水、泡咖啡、充電。

Her latest research trip to Cuba was in February 2026.

她最近一次去古巴是 2026 年 2 月。

What I observed was the disruption in daily life that is sort of hard to imagine for us.

我觀察到日常生活的混亂，這對我們來說很難想像。

But the US has cut off Cuba's main oil supplies.

但美國已經切斷了古巴主要的石油供應。

First from Venezuela by taking control of its oil sales.

首先是透過控制委內瑞拉的石油銷售。

And then from Mexico by threatening the country with tariffs.

接著是透過威脅墨西哥課徵關稅。

Media reports suggest that the US has even been physically blocking oil tankers from elsewhere from getting to Cuba.

媒體報導指出，美國甚至實質上阻止其他地方的油輪前往古巴。

It's all part of the pressure the US is building on Cuba: claiming the regime there poses a threat to US security.

這一切都是美國對古巴施壓的一部分：聲稱古巴政權對美國安全構成威脅。

And after US actions in Venezuela and Iran, Cuba could be Trump's next target.

而且在美國對委內瑞拉和伊朗採取行動後，古巴可能成為川普的下一個目標。

I mean, whether I free it, take it, I think I could do anything I want with it.

我的意思是，無論是解放它、佔領它，我認為我對它想做什麼都可以。

The most tense moment in Cuban sort of modern Cuban history.

But wait—doesn't the US already control part of Cuba?

但等等—美國不是已經控制了古巴的一部分嗎？

And the US only pays a few thousand dollars a year for it.

而美國每年只為此支付幾千美元。

It's now known for the notorious prison camp.

它現在以惡名昭彰的監獄營聞名。

But the US naval base here actually goes back to what happened in 1898.

但美國在這裡的海軍基地，其實可以追溯到 1898 年發生的事。

That's when the US helped push out Cuba's Spanish colonizers—only to occupy the island itself.

那時候美國幫助推翻了西班牙殖民者，卻自己佔領了這個島。

Cuba's independence, a few years later, came with a catch—or several.

幾年後，古巴的獨立卻附帶了一個條件，或者說好幾個。

One US demand: a permanent lease for Guantanamo.

美國其中一個要求：永久租借關達那摩。

Cuba actually refuses to cash in the checks the US sends for it.

古巴其實拒絕兌現美國為此寄來的支票。

Because for many Cubans, Guantanamo is a symbol of more than a century of mistrust.

因為對許多古巴人來說，關達那摩象徵著一個多世紀的不信任。

But for the US, that mistrust really starts with this guy: Fidel Castro.

但對美國來說，這種不信任其實是從這個人開始的：菲德爾·卡斯楚。

He led the Cuban Revolution in 1959, overthrowing a US-backed dictatorship.

他領導了 1959 年的古巴革命，推翻了美國支持的獨裁政權。

菲德爾·卡斯楚統治了古巴數十年。

During this time, the US allegedly hedged 600 plots on his life—once with an exploding cigar.

據說在此期間，美國曾六度密謀暗殺他，其中一次是透過一顆會爆炸的雪茄。

When Castro came to power, his government quickly started seizing US-owned oil refineries and other US businesses.

卡斯楚掌權後，他的政府迅速開始沒收美國擁有的煉油廠和其他美國企業。

Castro's followers carried coffins as symbols of the confiscated companies.

卡斯楚的支持者抬著棺材，象徵著被沒收的公司。

The United States owned a lot in Cuba, and it was unhappy to lose it all.

美國在古巴擁有許多資產，對失去一切感到非常不滿。

It eventually refused to buy or sell almost anything to and from Cuba—hampering the island's economy.

最終，美國拒絕與古巴進行幾乎所有買賣，嚴重阻礙了古巴的經濟。

By the way, Kennedy is said to have stocked up on over a thousand Cuban cigars first.

順帶一提，據說甘迺迪總統事先囤積了上千支古巴雪茄。

The US already feared a communist neighbor on its doorstep.

美國早已擔心家門口會有一個共產主義鄰居。

It turned to direct action against Cuba—and supported CIA-trained Cuban exiles in an infamous invasion at the Bay of Pigs.

美國轉而採取直接行動對抗古巴，並支持由中情局訓練的古巴流亡份子，在豬灣發動了一場臭名昭著的入侵。

Castro's forces repelled them—a huge fail for the US.

卡斯楚的部隊擊退了他們，對美國來說是一次慘痛的失敗。

Castro built an autocratic socialist state.

卡斯楚建立了一個獨裁的社會主義國家。

And the US, the poster child of capitalism, kept expanding its embargo.

而身為資本主義代表的美國，則持續擴大其禁運。

The embargo also quickly took on a kind of geopolitical importance in light of Cuba's growing alliance with the Soviet Union, starting in the early 1960s.

隨著古巴在 1960 年代初期與蘇聯日益結盟，這項禁運也迅速取得了地緣政治的重要性。

This is Michael Bustamante, a Cuban-American historian at the University of Miami.

這位是 Michael Bustamante，一位在邁阿密大學任教的古巴裔美國歷史學家。

The Soviet Union stepped in to provide significant economic assistance.

蘇聯介入並提供了大量的經濟援助。

But remember: this was the Cold War, and tensions between the US and the Soviet Union were high.

但請記住：當時正值冷戰時期，美蘇之間的緊張關係非常高。

Those tensions peaked in 1962—in a moment that still defines how the US looks at Cuba.

這種緊張關係在 1962 年達到頂點——那一刻至今仍影響著美國看待古巴的方式。

A US spy mission discovered a nuclear missile launch site and realized Cuba had allowed the Soviet Union to station nuclear-armed missiles across the island.

美國的偵察任務發現了一個核彈發射場，並意識到古巴允許蘇聯在島上部署核武飛彈。

The missiles could have struck this far into US territory.

這些飛彈足以攻擊到美國本土這麼遠的地方。

Of the Soviet military buildup on the island of Cuba.

The world was on the brink of nuclear war.

A nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere.

But then came a deal, which included the Soviets taking the missiles off Cuba and the US promising not to invade.

但後來達成了一項協議，其中包括蘇聯撤走古巴的飛彈，美國承諾不入侵。

Still, the US and Cuba weren't exactly ready to kiss and make up.

不過，美國和古巴並沒有準備好言歸於好。

I think over time, different US administrations have seen economic and political isolation of the Cuban government and the Cuban economy as a way to create conditions that would be propitious for political change to emerge from within.

我認為隨著時間的推移，不同的美國政府將孤立古巴政府和古巴經濟視為創造有利於內部政治變革條件的一種方式。

He lifted some restrictions on Cuba and became the first US president to visit in the best part of a century.

他解除了對古巴的一些限制，並成為近一個世紀以來首位訪問古巴的美國總統。

And Cuba got a new leader: Raul, the younger brother of Fidel Castro.

古巴迎來了新領導人：勞爾，菲德爾·卡斯楚的弟弟。

Fidel died a few years later, aged 90—of natural causes, by the way.

幾年後，菲德爾以 90 歲高齡去世——順帶一提，是自然死亡。

These changes created a window of opportunity for the relationship to improve.

這些變化為改善雙方關係創造了機會之窗。

But a decade later, it's only gotten worse.

Let's go to Havana—well, little Havana—in Miami, Florida.

我們到邁阿密的「小哈瓦那」去看看——好吧，其實是邁阿密的「小哈瓦那」。

The US state of Florida is only around 150 kilometers from Cuba.

美國佛羅裡達州離古巴大約只有 150 公里。

Cuban migrants have crossed this gap for decades, fleeing poverty or Cuba's regime.

幾十年來，古巴移民為了逃離貧困或古巴的政權，一直跨越這段距離。

That's a typical family history for Cuban-Americans—around 1.5 million of whom live in Florida today.

這對古巴裔美國人來說是很典型的家庭歷史——今天約有 150 萬古巴裔美國人住在佛羅裡達州。

And most of them are against Cuba's communist leadership.

他們中的大多數都反對古巴的共產黨領導。

El único arreglo que tiene es botarlos a ellos de ahí.

唯一的解決辦法就是把他們趕走。

Many here voted for Trump and are loyal to the Republican Party.

這裡的許多人投票給川普，並且忠於共和黨。

So when the Republicans talk about Cuba, they're also appealing to Cuban-American voters.

所以，當共和黨談論古巴時，他們也在爭取古巴裔美國選民。

US-Cuba policy has never just been about foreign policy, it's also domestic politics.

美古政策從來不只是外交政策，它也是國內政治。

And this guy is the most powerful Cuban-American: Marco Rubio.

而這位就是最有權勢的古巴裔美國人：馬可·魯比歐。

His political education and sentimental education was in a Cuban diaspora.

他的政治啟蒙和情感啟蒙都在古巴流亡社群裡。

There's been a consistent interest on his part in seeing radical change in Cuba.

他一直以來都對見證古巴的激進改變感興趣。

Here's Rubio facing questions from Democrats on his views.

這是魯比歐面對民主黨人對他看法的質詢。

Will you make a public commitment today to rule out US regime change in Cuba?

你今天會公開承諾排除美國在古巴的政權更迭嗎？