Name: 燃油價格飆漲擾亂歐洲！| DW 新聞 (How higher fuel prices are unsettling Europe | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-03-27T17:11:32.000Z
Duration: 10 min 2 s

Europe, land of trains, short distances, and small cars.

歐洲，火車、短途旅行和小型汽車的國度。

情態副詞

Who could possibly be bothered by higher petrol and diesel prices?

誰會計較汽油和機油價格上漲呢？

Driving isn't especially cheap here to begin with, so what happens when it suddenly gets... more expensive?

這裡開車本來就不便宜，那如果突然變得更貴了，會怎麼樣？

The higher fuel prices of the past month are turning into a problem for this car-loving continent.

上個月油價上漲，正讓這個熱愛汽車的大陸面臨問題。

They're eating into household budgets, adding new costs to everyday products, and they're creating new political pressure.

這侵蝕了家庭預算，增加了日常產品的新成本，也製造了新的政治壓力。

We're going to look at Europe's exposure to rising petrol prices as compared to a much larger market, the U.S.

我們要來看看歐洲對汽油價格上漲的曝險，跟一個大得多的市場美國來比較。

We'll explain the reliance on roadways here and break down some of the differences between European countries.

我們會解釋這裡對道路的依賴，並分析歐洲各國之間的一些差異。

We'll look at why diesel vehicles are so popular here in Europe and why that's especially problematic right now.

我們要看看為什麼機油車在歐洲這麼受歡迎，以及為什麼這在目前特別有問題。

We'll also look at why European fuel prices are in general so high, and

我們也會看看為什麼歐洲的油價普遍這麼高，

what countries are doing to ease the pressure on households and businesses.

以及各國正採取哪些措施來減輕家庭和企業的壓力。

Think of Europe and cars, and you may think of the famed German Autobahn.

說到歐洲和汽車，你可能會想到德國著名的 Autobahn。

The automobile is critical for the continent like it is in most places, and

汽車對這個大陸至關重要，就像在大多數地方一樣，

而且畢竟汽車是在歐洲發明的。

If we zoom in on one country, car-loving Germans drive less than 16 kilometers per day;

如果我們聚焦在一個國家，愛車的德國人每天開車不到 16 公里；

that's far less than in the U.S., where the average is 46.

這比美國少得多，美國的平均里程是 46 公里。

Geography would appear to play a role: distances between cities being more compact, and

地理因素似乎也扮演了角色：城市之間的距離比較緊湊，而且

public transport is on average more built out in Europe than the U.S.

歐洲的公共交通平均來說比美國更完善。

Still, in Germany, roughly two-thirds of the population rely on cars for commuting to work.

不過，在德國，大約有三分之二的人口是開車通勤上班。

Gasoline is more expensive generally, but

an increase in the oil price, uh, relative to the rest has a smaller impact.

但油價上漲，呃，相較之下影響比較小。

Uh, and at the same time, there is more public transport.

呃，同時，公共交通也比較多。

Uh, that's right, distances are smaller, so the exposure, yes, it is smaller.

呃，沒錯，距離比較短，所以接觸的範圍，是的，比較小。

Another big difference between drivers in Europe and the U.S.

歐洲和美國的駕駛者之間另一個很大的不同是，

is that there are far more diesel vehicles on the roads here in Europe as a percentage of all drivers.

這裡歐洲的機油車佔所有駕駛者的比例遠高於美國。

And we're not just talking about delivery, commercial, agricultural fleets, which are also overwhelmingly diesel, but private vehicles.

而且我們不只是說貨車、商用車、農用車隊，這些也絕大多數是機油車，而是私人車輛。

In Germany, nearly one out of three passenger cars is diesel, and

在德國，將近三分之一的乘用車是機油車，

in some countries like Ireland and Latvia, diesel has recently outnumbered petrol cars.

而在愛爾蘭和拉脫維亞等一些國家，機油車最近已經超過了汽油車。

Now, diesel engines are known for their fuel efficiency, their power, and, in Europe, their lower taxation by the government.

現在，機油引擎以其燃油效率、動力，以及在歐洲，政府較低的稅收而聞名。

in recent years, cities in Europe have put in place or threatened tighter pollution controls that would affect diesel in particular.

近年來，歐洲的城市已經實施或威脅要實施更嚴格的汙染管制，這將特別影響機油車。

But the spike in prices is still hitting Europe's large reliance on diesel quite hard.

但油價飆升仍然讓歐洲對機油的高度依賴受到重創。

Now, generally, we can say that driving is more expensive in Europe when calculated per kilometer.

現在，總的來說，我們可以說在歐洲，每公里計算的駕駛成本更高。

That's taking in multiple factors, like maintenance, but

這考慮了多種因素，例如維護，但

also critically fuel, which we'll get to in just a moment.

也關鍵是燃油，我們稍後就會談到。

Now, using numbers by the national auto clubs in the U.S. and Germany, we made the following comparison.

現在，根據美國和德國國家汽車俱樂部的數據，我們做了以下比較。

For a midsize SUV, the Volkswagen Tiguan, for example, the operating costs would be 69.4 eurocents a kilometer, and

例如，一輛中型 SUV Volkswagen Tiguan，每公里的營運成本將是 69.4 歐分，

would be 43 eurocents a kilometer; again, that's according to the auto club AAA.

每公里是 43 歐分；同樣地，這是根據美國汽車協會 AAA 的數據。

But here's what's interesting: despite those differences, transport costs, which do include public transportation, still eat up far more of an American's budget than a European's—17% for Americans in 2024 compared to almost 13% for Europeans.

但有趣的是：儘管有這些差異，交通費用，這包含公共交通，對美國人的支出仍然比歐洲人多得多——2024 年美國人佔 17%，而歐洲人佔近 13%。

So gas prices have jumped over the past month.

所以汽油價格在過去一個月裡飆升了。

Here's a chart of four countries we selected, but

這裡有一張我們挑選的四個國家的圖表，

first we want to focus on the left side of the chart, where prices were.

但我們先來看看圖表的左邊，也就是價格的部分。

And that's because European gas prices are, compared to the U.S., quite high to begin with.

這是因為歐洲的汽油價格，相較於美國，本來就比較高。

Before the war, the average cost of unleaded petrol—Super 95 in this case—costs a euro 63 across the EU, on average.

戰爭前，無鉛汽油的平均價格——在這裡是 Super 95——在歐盟平均是 1.63 歐元。

To put it in American terms, that's about $7.15 a gallon, a gallon being about 3.75 liters.

用美國的說法，大約是每加侖 7.15 美元，一加侖約等於 3.75 公升。

Now, to compare, Americans were paying on average just over $3 a gallon in February, before the war started.

相比之下，美國人在二月，也就是戰爭開始前，平均支付的價格是略高於每加侖 3 美元。

For the Europeans out there, that's $0.68 a liter.

對於歐洲的朋友來說，這相當於每公升 0.68 歐元。

但為什麼歐洲的燃料這麼貴呢？

Now, take a look at this breakdown of German gas prices, provided by their national auto club ADAC.

現在，我們來看看這個由德國國家汽車俱樂部 ADAC 提供的德國汽油價格細項。

The cost of procurement and profit make up just over a third of the total costs.

採購成本和利潤佔總成本的三分之一多一點。

An energy tax, set by law at $0.65 for petrol, a carbon tax, and a value-added tax.

包括能源稅（法定為每公升 0.65 歐元）、碳稅，以及增值稅。

And diesel looks similar, but with a lower energy tax at $0.47, and

機油的情況也差不多，但能源稅較低，為每公升 0.47 歐元，

that has generally kept diesel prices lower than petrol in Europe.

這也讓歐洲的機油價格普遍比汽油來得低。

Suddenly, diesel prices have soared higher than petrol prices.

突然間，機油價格飆升，比汽油還高。

The reason being Europe's heavy reliance on imports to cover its diesel demand, and

原因是歐洲嚴重依賴進口來滿足機油需求，

much of that diesel comes from the Persian Gulf.

而這些機油大部分來自波斯灣。

Now, of course, Europe also stopped imports from Russia after the war in Ukraine began.

現在，當然，自烏克蘭戰爭開始後，歐洲也停止了從俄羅斯的進口。

Europe is competing with other supplies, with other, you know, with other customers for other supplies coming from outside its neighborhood, and

歐洲正在與其他供應商競爭，與其他，你知道的，來自其鄰國以外的其他客戶競爭，

as a result, you can say that it is more exposed than other regions when it comes to diesel.

結果就是，可以說，在機油方面，它比其他地區更容易受到影響。

Gas prices have risen significantly, in some nations like Germany far more than in others.

汽油價格已大幅上漲，在德國等一些國家，漲幅遠超其他國家。

And if you see those sudden dips in Italy and Spain, we'll get to those in just a moment.

如果你看到義大利和西班牙突然出現的下跌，我們馬上就會講到。

Now, the average cost of gas in the EU as of March 19th was €1.84, diesel at €1.95.

現在，截至 3 月 19 日，歐盟的汽油平均價格為 1.84 歐元，機油為 1.95 歐元。

Now, those numbers have big consequences.

For one, they mean that the costs of products are already rising as shippers pass along their higher costs.

首先，這意味著隨著運輸業者轉嫁更高的成本，產品價格已經在調漲。

It's certainly going to drive up inflation.

This very much depends on the duration of the conflict and the duration of the supply disruptions.

這很大程度上取決於衝突的持續時間以及供應中斷的持續時間。

We have looked at various scenarios, scenarios, all of them still relatively benign.

我們看過各種情境，所有情境都相對溫和。

It also means drivers will feel it at the pump, which creates its own kind of stress.

這也意味著駕駛人會在加油站感受到壓力，這會造成另一種壓力。

Fuel prices have created plenty of trouble in Europe's past.

過去，歐洲的油價曾造成不少麻煩。

The 1970s fuel embargoes were a problem for Western Europe.

1970 年代的石油禁運對西歐造成了困擾。

West Germany introduced car-free Sundays, and

it briefly put a speed limit on the Autobahn, all in an effort to reduce oil use.

並短暫地在 Autobahn 上實施了速度限制，都是為了減少石油使用。

In France, a plan to increase fuel taxes in 2018 unleashed pent-up social anger over rising costs there, the result being the popular "Yellow Vest" movement, in which members blocked roadways for months between 2018 and 2019.

在法國，2018 年提高燃油稅的計畫，引爆了民眾對當地不斷上漲的物價的怒火，結果就是廣受歡迎的「黃背心」運動，成員在 2018 年至 2019 年間封鎖道路數月。

I asked senior correspondent Bernd Riegert what kind of pressure governments are currently facing.

我問資深記者 Bernd Riegert，政府目前面臨什麼樣的壓力。

Higher oil prices ripple through the entire economy.

油價上漲會對整個經濟產生連鎖反應。

Inflation could rise up to half a percentage point depending on how the conflict lasts.

通貨膨脹可能會上升高達百分之零點五，這取決於衝突持續多久。

Money spent on fuel can't be spent elsewhere, and

花在汽油上的錢就無法花在別的地方，

transportation and food production grow more expensive as diesel prices climb.

隨著機油價格上漲，運輸和食品生產的成本也越來越高。

Ironically, the fact that European gas prices are normally high may benefit it right now.

諷刺的是，歐洲汽油價格一向偏高，這點現在反而可能對歐洲有利。

If governments want to ease the pain on consumers, one thing they can do is by reducing perhaps the levies that they have in place on, let's say, gasoline or diesel.

如果政府想減輕消費者的負擔，他們可以做的一件事就是減少他們對汽油或機油課徵的稅收。

So that can compensate to a certain extent from the higher pain caused by higher prices.

這樣在某種程度上就能彌補因物價上漲造成的較高痛苦。

Countries including Germany have criticized oil companies, for one, saying that their price setting is opaque and accusing them of speculation.

包括德國在內的國家，一方面批評油公司，認為他們的定價不透明，並指控他們投機。

France has even been inspecting gas stations.

法國甚至還派人去檢查加油站。

All are responding to frustrations over high prices and even allegations that gas stations are using the moment to raise prices beyond a reasonable level.

這些舉動都是為了回應民眾對高物價的不滿，甚至還有指控說加油站趁機將價格抬高到不合理的程度。

That's become a common concern during energy shocks in Europe, including the one from 2022 when Russia invaded Ukraine.

這在歐洲的能源危機時期已經是常見的擔憂了，就像2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭的時候一樣。

That year, Germany's Monopoly Commission took a deeper look at price setting from gas stations.

那一年，德國的壟斷委員會深入調查了加油站的定價。

Its findings: there were no signs of abusive pricing along the supply chain, but

他們的發現是：供應鏈中沒有出現濫定價的跡象，

it noted that the entire oil delivery chain was rather concentrated and thus couldn't rule out that pricing mechanisms weren't unproblematic from a cartel standpoint.

但他們也指出，整個石油供應鏈相當集中，是以不能排除從卡特爾（cartel）的角度來看，定價機制並非毫無問題。

Now, other measures being pursued by governments right now include limiting the number of price hikes by a gas station to once a day.

現在，各國政府正在採取的其他措施包括限制加油站每天的漲價次數為一次。