Name: 戰區兒童創傷後壓力症候群(PTSD)的學習心得 | 全球故事 (What I’ve learned about PTSD in children from war zones | The Global Story)
Uploaded: 2026-03-17T16:38:31.000Z
Duration: 22 min 50 s

How does living through war affect children?

經歷戰爭對孩子們有什麼影響？

程度副詞

It's a question that Fergal Keene, one of the BBC's most experienced foreign correspondents, has been wrestling with for almost 40 years as he's been reporting from some of the most violent conflicts around the world.

這是 BBC 資深外國記者 Fergal Keene 近 40 年來一直在思考的問題，他曾報導過世界各地最激烈的衝突。

進階形容詞比較級句型

It's as pertinent as ever as we see the conflict unfold over Iran.

隨著我們看到伊朗的衝突不斷，這個問題比以往任何時候都更加重要。

UNICEF says that more than 1100 children have been killed or injured across the region.

UNICEF 表示，該地區已有超過 1100 名兒童死亡或受傷。

And Fergal's come to understand the impacts of trauma on young minds the hard way.

Fergal 也是以親身體驗，深刻理解了創傷對年輕心靈的影響。

He's experienced his own mental breakdowns and been diagnosed with ptsd.

他經歷過自己的精神崩潰，並被診斷出患有 PTSD。

And so we sat down with him to understand the lessons he's learned from the BBC.

所以我們坐下來和他聊聊，瞭解他從 BBC 學到的經驗。

And welcome to the global story on YouTube.

歡迎來到 YouTube 上的全球故事。

Before we start today's episode, it contains some distressing details of children's experiences in war.

在我們開始今天的集數之前，內容會包含一些關於兒童在戰爭中經歷的令人不安的細節。

Also, we spoke with Fergal before the situation in the Middle east seriously deteriorated.

另外，在中東局勢嚴重惡化之前，我們曾和 Fergal 聊過。

So Asma caught up with Fergal a second time to get his latest reflections.

所以 Asma 又和 Fergal 聊了一次，聽聽他最新的反思。

And you'll hear that in the second part of the episode.

Fergal, you've written this quite gripping article and quite, quite overwhelming article for the BBC about how living through conflicts affects children both in the short term and later in life.

Fergal，你為 BBC 寫了一篇非常扣人心絃，也相當令人震驚的文章，關於生活在衝突中如何影響兒童，無論是短期還是長遠來看。

Why did you decide to write that story right now?

為什麼你決定現在寫這個故事？

I've been sort of covering the conflict in Gaza since the Hamas attack on October 7.

自從 10 月 7 日哈瑪斯襲擊以來，我一直在報導加薩的衝突。

And it became clear to me that all of the trauma that I had witnessed being inflicted on children in the previous more than three decades of reporting as a BBC war correspondent, I was seeing it again day after day.

我很清楚地看到，在我作為 BBC 戰地記者報導的過去三十多年裡，我所見證的對兒童造成的創傷，又一天天地重現了。

And it kind of moved me to reflect on where we were now in terms of the kind of legislation that would try and protect children, the kind of care that should be available to them, and

這也促使我反思，我們現在在試圖保護兒童的立法方面，以及應該提供給他們的照護方面，處於什麼樣的階段，

the consequences, principally the consequences of that kind of daily experience of trauma, where you had Hamas and the Israelis battling it out in a largely civilian environment, where you had children suffering because of Israeli blockades, which, you know, made drastic limits on food, which put severe limits on medical care, the destruction of so much of the health care system in Israeli attacks, the Israelis say that's because Hamas are hiding in hospitals.

後果，主要是那種日常創傷經驗的後果，哈瑪斯和以色列人在大部分是平民的環境中交戰，孩子們因為以色列的封鎖而受苦，這對食物造成了嚴格限制，對醫療照護也造成了嚴格限制，以色列的攻擊摧毀了大部分的醫療保健系統，以色列方面表示這是因為哈瑪斯藏匿在醫院裡。

But whatever the consequence of these has been to create an environment where children have lived from day to day.

但無論這些造成了什麼後果，都創造了一個孩子們每天都在擔憂的環境。

So many of them wondering if they were going to wake up the following day.

這麼多孩子不知道自己能不能醒來迎接隔天。

Today, there are kids dying in wars in Ukraine, there are kids dying of diseases in Gaza, and

今天，烏克蘭有孩子們在戰爭中喪生，加薩有孩子們因疾病死亡，還有

如我所說，世界其他許多地方也是如此。

And they are people mostly they're people who live beyond our concern in the West.

他們大多是住在西方國家之外，不被我們關心的人。

Furgle, what made you realize that there were these untold stories of children, children's stories in particular, that you.

Fergal，是什麼讓你意識到有這些未被講述的故事，特別是孩子們的故事，是你

That you wanted to tell, that you felt, you know, you ought to tell these stories of children being traumatized by experiencing war?

你想講的，你覺得，你知道，你應該講這些孩子們因戰爭創傷而受苦的故事？

I grew up in, I suppose, what people would call a broken home.

我成長在一個，我想，人們會稱之為破碎家庭的環境。

And that was a home that was disrupted by alcoholism, where I was traumatized by the presence of my father's alcoholism.

那是一個被酒精問題所打亂的家庭，我因為父親酗酒的影響而身心受創。

And it was an environment where sudden disruption was always possible.

那是一個隨時可能發生突發狀況的環境。

Fear was constantly present, tension was constantly present, and

恐懼感一直都在，緊張感也一直都在，而且

where I learned very early to be quiet, not to speak up.

我很早就學會要保持安靜，不要發表意見。

You know, I was feeling ashamed because of how alcoholism was affecting my home.

你知道，我因為酒精問題影響到我的家庭而感到羞愧。

And it's a very common thing in the children of addicts or children who experience that kind of severe dysfunction in their home environment.

這在成癮者的孩子或在家裡經歷過那種嚴重功能失調的孩子身上是很常見的。

And so I was conscious when I went into journalism of feeling a needle and later, as my kind of social conscience developed a responsibility to tell the stories of those who could not readily find access to media, who could not readily express themselves in a manner that.

所以我進入新聞界時，就意識到自己有一種使命感，後來隨著我的社會良知發展，我認為我有責任去講述那些不容易接觸到媒體、不容易用一種能讓大人停下來傾聽的方式表達自己的人的故事。

And those were particularly children, you felt.

你覺得，特別是孩子們的故事。

Yeah, yeah, in a manner that adults would stop and listen to.

是的，是的，用一種大人會停下來傾聽的方式。

It's about listening to their stories and allowing them to be told with a very important caveat.

這是關於傾聽他們的故事，並允許他們被講述，但有一個非常重要的前提。

And that is, of course, that in the telling of the story, you don't re.

而當然，這是在講述故事的過程中，你不會再次

And so for nowadays, I will not interview a child without having carefully gone through the ground beforehand with their guardian, hopefully with a mental health practitioner.

所以現在，我不會在沒有事先和監護人，最好是和心理健康專業人士仔細討論過情況的情況下，採訪孩子。

And when we finish the interview, we always now make sure there is someone there who is.

而當我們結束採訪時，我們現在總是確保現場有人。

Who is in a position to counsel the child and comfort them.

Fergal, in the mid-90s, you reported from Rwanda in particular, this horrendous genocide where 800,000 people, including children, were massacred.

Fergal，在九零年代中期，你曾從盧安達報導，特別是那場可怕的種族滅絕，有八十萬人，包括兒童，遭到屠殺。

And then around the same time, you had your own child.

然後差不多在同一時間，你有了自己的孩子。

It'll be 30 years since you wrote a quite famous audio essay called Letter to Daniel about your own son.

你寫了一篇相當著名的音頻文章，叫做《給丹尼爾的信》，是關於你自己的兒子的，那將近三十年了。

My dear son, it is six o' clock in the morning on the island of Hong Kong.

我親愛的兒子，現在是香港島的早上六點鐘。

You are asleep, cradled in my left arm, and I am learning the art of one handed typing.

你正熟睡，被我摟在左臂裡，我正在學習單手打字的藝術。

Your mother, more tired yet more happy than I have ever known her, is sound asleep in the room next door.

妳媽媽，比我認識的任何時候都更累，但也更開心，她正在隔壁房間熟睡。

And there is soft quiet in our apartment.

Like many foreign correspondents I know, I've lived a life that on occasion has veered close to the edge.

就像我認識的許多外國記者一樣，我的人生有時會接近危險的邊緣。

War zones, natural disasters, darkness in all its Shapes and forms.

戰區、天災，各種形式的黑暗。

In a world of insecurity and ambition and ego, it's easy to be drawn in, to take chances with our lives, to believe that what we do and what people say about us is reason enough to gamble with death.

在一個充滿不確定、野心和自大的世界裡，很容易被捲入，拿自己的生命冒險，相信我們所做的事和別人對我們的評價，就足以賭上性命。

Now, looking at your sleeping face inches away from me, listening to your occasional sigh and gurgle, I wonder how I could ever have thought glory and prizes and praise, the were sweeter than life.

現在，看著你離我幾吋遠的睡臉，聽著你偶爾發出的嘆息和咕噥聲，我想知道我怎麼會曾經認為榮耀、獎賞和讚美，比生命還甜美。

And it's also true that I am pained, perhaps haunted is a better word, by the memory suddenly so vivid now of each suffering child I have come across on my journeys.

而且，我也很痛苦，或許說「縈繞心頭」更貼切，因為我旅途中遇到的每個受苦孩子的畫面，現在都如此鮮明地湧現。

To tell you the truth, it's nearly too much to bear at this moment to even think of children being hurt and abused and killed.

說實話，此刻光是想到孩子們受傷、受虐、被殺，就幾乎讓人無法承受。

And yet looking at you, the images come flooding back.

然而看著你，那些畫面卻不斷湧現。

I wish I could claim the credit for having the idea, but it wasn't my idea.

我希望我能聲稱是自己想出了這個主意，但那不是我的主意。

It was Tony Grant, a man called Tony Grant, who was the editor of From Our Own Correspondent, this wonderful program on the BBC which is heard all around the world.

是 Tony Grant，一位叫做 Tony Grant 的人，他是 BBC 上一個很棒的節目《From Our Own Correspondent》的編輯，這個節目全世界都聽得到。

It says to the, the correspondent, write what you've experienced very unusually sometimes what you felt.

它告訴外國記者，寫下你經歷過、感受過、很不尋常的經驗。

You know, we don't, we don't express our feelings in the day to day news reporting quite rightly.

其實，我們在日常的新聞報導中，並沒有表達我們的感受，這也是對的。

Tony Grant rang me and he said, look, you've had a kid.

Tony Grant 打電話給我，他說，你看，你有了小孩。

Would you write what it's like being a foreign correspondent, having a child in Hong Kong, as I was living then?

你願不願意寫下，身為一個外國記者，在當時住在香港的我，有了小孩是什麼樣的感覺？

And I kind of hummed and hauled and I said, well, I'm not sure, you know, is it really what I should be doing?

我有點猶豫，我說，嗯，我不太確定，你知道，這真的是我應該做的事嗎？

And I wrote it in one sitting with the kid sitting in, in one arm and typing with the other hand.

我一口氣寫完，小孩就坐在我一邊手臂上，另一隻手打字。

And I was absolutely blown away by the beauty of this child.

我完全被這孩子的純真給震撼了。

I was just overwhelmed at what he represented, at the possibility of new beginnings.

我被他所代表的一切，被新開始的可能性給深深打動。

And it brought up memories of the, of the children that I had seen, so many of them who didn't enjoy the protection that my child had in my arms in a nice comfortable apartment in Hong Kong, looking out at the dawn, knowing that his future was going to be one.

這勾起了我對我曾見過的孩子們的回憶，他們中有許多無法享有我孩子在我懷裡所擁有的保護，在香港舒適的公寓裡，看著黎明，知道他的未來將會是。

Surrounded by love, surrounded by care and security.

被愛、被照護和安全感包圍著。

所以，在寫作的過程中，它變得非常。

I was very, very emotionally moved, churned up in the process of writing it because it brought together so many different strands of my experience as a war correspondent over the previous decades.

我在寫作的過程中，情緒非常非常激動，內心翻騰，因為它匯集了我過去幾十年身為戰地記者經驗中的許多不同面向。

I'm just leaving Tanzania ahead of me, the border With Rwanda, the country where some of the worst crimes against humanity of this century have been committed.

我剛離開坦尚尼亞，即將抵達盧安達邊境，這個國家發生了本世紀最嚴重的危害人類罪。

You wrote that letter to your son in the mid-1990s, and

你在 1990 年代中期寫了那封給兒子的信，

that's around the same time period that you were reporting on the Rwandan genocide.

大約也是你報導盧安達種族滅絕的時期。

And that has been a huge focus of your reporting over the years.

這幾年來，這一直是妳報導的重點。

And while you were there in the region, you.

You met a 13 year old girl named Valentina who had lost her entire family.

你遇到了一個名叫 Valentina 的 13 歲女孩，她失去了所有家人。

Back in Nyarubuye, the killers had finally finished their work.

在 Nyarubuye，殺手們終於完成了他們的工作。

After four days, they left, believing they'd killed all of their 1,000 Tutsi neighbors.

四天後，他們離開了，認為他們殺光了他們 1000 位圖西族鄰居。

But at the end of this trail, next to the church, badly wounded but still breathing, Valentina lay hidden among the corpses.

但在這條路的盡頭，教堂旁邊，Valentina 受了重傷但仍有氣息，藏身在屍體之間。

For days and nights, she laced, still listening to every sound.

好幾天幾夜，她躲著，仍然聽著每一個聲音。

I stayed there for some time over a month.

When I tried to get up, I would fall down.

I figured that if the killers came, I would pretend to be dead.

我想，如果殺手們來了，我就裝死。

Her hand had been cut in half by militiamen, and

it got so badly infected that it seems that.

That she would die, that she would not have any way really of surviving.

她會死，她真的沒有辦法活下去。

You went back and in 1997, you found that she had indeed survived, and

你在 1997 年回去，發現她確實活了下來，

you interviewed her about what she had been through in Yarabuye.

你採訪了她關於她在 Nyarubuye 的經歷。

Valentina and the other orphans knew nothing of what was happening in the world beyond.

Valentina 和其他孤兒們對外面世界的動態一無所知。