Name: 川普新關稅：對消費者、市場和歐洲有何影響？| DW 新聞 (Trump's new tariffs: What they mean for consumers, markets and Europe | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-02-21T23:11:34.000Z
Duration: 11 min 21 s

Donald Trump wants to impose a 10% global tariff on America's trading partners after the Supreme Court ruled most of his previous levies have been illegal.

川普在最高法院裁定他先前大部分關稅違法後，表示想對美國的貿易夥伴課徵10%的全球關稅。

程度副詞

Trump said the 63 ruling left him, quote, deeply disappointed and accused the Supreme Court of being, quote, swayed by foreign interests.

川普說，這項63項裁決讓他「深感失望」，並指控最高法院「受到外國利益影響」。

The US President vowed to deploy new methods to impose tariffs, including a sweeping new duty on all foreign trading partners.

美國總統誓言將採取新方法來實施關稅，包括對所有外國貿易夥伴徵收廣泛的新關稅。

Here's President Trump giving his reaction at a news conference.

接下來是川普總統在記者會上發表他反應的畫面。

Foreign countries that have been ripping us off for years are ecstatic.

那些多年來一直在佔我們便宜的外國，現在高興得不得了。

They're so happy and they're dancing in the streets.

他們非常開心，而且正在街上跳舞。

But they won't be dancing for long, that I can assure you.

但我可以向你保證，他們開心不了多久。

But other alternatives will now be used to replace the ones that the court incorrectly rejected.

但現在會採用其他替代方案來取代那些被法院錯誤駁回的方案。

And joining me in the studio now is Stephen Beardsley from DW Business.

現在加入我在攝影棚的是DW Business的Stephen Beardsley。

So the Supreme Court has decided that his tariffs were illegal, and

所以最高法院已經裁定他的關稅是非法的，

now he's responded with this 10% global tariff.

現在他推出了這個百分之十的全球關稅。

I think that's exactly the question that everyone's wondering.

我想這正是大家都在想的問題。

You know, the Trump, the Trump administration has a number of levers that it can pull, and

你知道，川普、川普政府有很多可以運用的手段，

it's made no bones about this in the past few months.

而且他們過去幾個月來已經毫不避諱地表明瞭。

And it's said that if this ruling takes place, as it did take place, we have other mechanisms.

他們說，如果這個裁決發生，就像它確實發生一樣，我們還有其他機制。

The question really is, what is their legality?

問題真的在於，它們的合法性是什麼？

How would they actually fare before the courts?

它們實際上在法庭上會如何表現？

And what often ends up happening with a lot of Trump legislation or a lot of his executive maneuvers, I should say, is that they do end up going before courts and then they're challenged at some point later.

而且很多川普的法案，或是他的行政手段，常常最後都會進入法院，然後在之後的某個時間點被挑戰。

This was a remarkable ruling and how he's responded so far with his 10% base tariffs, that's under a different section of law that actually requires it allows tariffs up to 15% base.

這是一個很了不起的裁決，而他到目前為止，針對他那10%的基本關稅所做的回應，是基於法律的不同條款，這其實允許高達15%的基本關稅。

But then Congress has to act after 150 days.

但之後國會在150天後必須採取行動。

That's problematic because Trump, for one, has said that he doesn't want Congress to have any part of his tariff regimes.

這就有點麻煩了，因為川普一方面說他不希望國會介入他的關稅制度。

And also Congress probably doesn't want to decide on this as well.

而且國會大概也不想處理這件事。

They have midterm elections coming up, and this is a vulnerable point for them.

他們有期中選舉要到了，這對他們來說是個敏感的議題。

We know that affordability, the issue of cost in the US Is a major point for voters right now.

我們知道，可負擔性，也就是美國的物價問題，是選民目前關心的重點。

They don't want to have to go and defend raising taxes on consumer goods, and

他們不想去為提高消費品稅辯護，

that's ultimately what they would have to end up doing.

而這最終是他們不得不做的事情。

But again, this 10%, this mechanism that he's using right now, this, this law is actually probably as vulnerable than the one that's just been struck down.

不過話說回來，這個 10% 的機制，他現在正在使用的這個，這個法律，其實可能跟剛被推翻的那一個一樣脆弱。

So in many Ways, it seems like it would be a matter of time before that would be challenged as well.

所以很多情況下，感覺上這也只是時間問題，遲早會被挑戰。

And so there's a lot of uncertainty right now.

And I'm curious how international markets are responding so far.

我很好奇國際市場到目前為止有什麼反應。

Have there been specific countries that said anything?

I think everyone's reacting with caution right now because they do know that there are these levers.

我認為大家現在都抱持著謹慎的態度，因為他們知道有這些手段。

We haven't seen any sort of bold statements, nor did we expect any, because they know that this is an administration that will pull out every mechanism in the book until it is tested in the courts.

我們還沒看到任何大膽的聲明，也沒預期會有，因為他們知道這屆政府會使出渾身解數，直到被法院審判。

That's the only reason there was pushback on this one, was because ultimately it was tested by an American company.

這也是為什麼這次會有反彈，因為最終是由一家美國公司來測試。

We should point out these were not foreigners who were paying these import levies.

我們應該要指出，付這些進口稅的不是外國人。

They were American importers in most cases, and

大多數情況下，是美國的進口商，

American consumers who are paying for it at the end of the day, when they were passed on.

最終還是由美國的消費者買單，當這些成本轉嫁到他們身上時。

That's important to point out because this is an administration that keeps saying that foreigners are ultimately footing the bill for this.

這點很重要，因為這個政府一直說最終是外國人買單。

But ultimately, at the end of the day, you know, markets are going to try and figure out what the vulnerable sections of certain businesses are.

但說到底，市場終究會找出特定企業的脆弱環節。

They're going to be hit by this, because with this 10% broader tariff, that sort of changes the landscape a little bit.

它們會是以受到衝擊，因為這 10% 的廣泛關稅，會稍微改變現狀。

There's some countries that are going to be advantaged because of that.

There's some that are going to be disadvantaged.

And so some companies may be exposed to new trade routes because of this, and

所以有些公司可能會是以接觸到新的貿易路線，

the markets are going to try and suss that out, but

you're not going to see any countries probably come out and start thundering about wanting their money back or something.

你不太可能會看到哪個國家跳出來說要討回錢什麼的。

I understand it gets even messier because there is the question of reimbursements for those companies who've already paid the tariffs.

我知道事情會更複雜，因為那些已經付了關稅的公司，會面臨退款的問題。

Unwinding, that feels like it would be a headache.

處理這些事，聽起來真是個頭痛的問題。

Right now, we know There are about 1800 companies that have litigation before US trade courts about tariffs that they feel like were unduly levied.

目前我們知道，大約有 1800 家公司在美國貿易法院提告，認為關稅課徵不當。

Now they're going to be clamoring for that money.

In many cases, the question is who has the record of how much was paid and who is ultimately due that money?

很多情況下，問題在於誰有付款紀錄，以及最終誰該拿到這筆錢？

Do the companies themselves have records of every single import shipment that they brought in and the tariffs that were levied on that?

這些公司自己有每一批進口的紀錄，還有被課徵的關稅嗎？

Another problem is that studies have shown that anywhere between 60 and 90% of the tariffs imposed, those were passed on to customers, but

另一個問題是，研究顯示，被課徵的關稅有 60% 到 90% 都轉嫁給消費者了，但是

That's a responsibility of the business itself because under the law, only the importers are obligated to receive the reimbursement, pass that on to customers.

這是公司本身的責任，因為根據法律，只有進口商有義務收到退款，然後轉給消費者。

Some dhl, for example, has already come out and said we have the technology to show exactly what customer has paid what we're going to reimburse them.

像是 DHL 已經出來說，我們有技術可以顯示出哪個客戶付了多少錢，我們會退款給他們。

Will other customers be able to say that?

On top of that, there's one more issue is that some importers have sold the right to collect their reimbursements to third parties, which then may go before the courts and say we actually have the obligation to receive this.

此外，還有一個問題是，有些進口商已經把收回退款的權利賣給第三方，這些第三方可能會上法院說，我們其實有義務收到這筆錢。

And this is going to be a muddle because the Supreme Court said essentially you're owed this money.

這真的會讓人一團亂，因為最高法院說，基本上這筆錢是你們應得的。

But it didn't lay out how that process was supposed to happen.

但它並沒有說明這個過程應該如何進行。

Now, Stephen, very quickly, Trump premised the whole rollout of tariffs, saying that this would benefit America and American consumers.

現在，Stephen，很快地，川普推動關稅的整個過程，都說這會讓美國和美國消費者受益。

There's no evidence that it's benefited anyone except for the government revenues themselves.

沒有證據顯示除了政府稅收本身之外，還有其他人是以受益。

The government's made a lot of money on tariffs.

It's interesting because it's not the government, it's not Congress that decided that, but

這很有趣，因為決定這件事的不是政府，也不是國會，而是

it's the president who's basically created his own carve out for collecting a ton of money up to $200 billion that now the majority of that is due to back to businesses.

總統基本上為自己創造了一個可以收取高達 2000 億美元的空間，而現在其中大部分應該要退還給企業。

But we've seen prices go up, we've seen inflation go up.

但我們看到物價上漲，我們看到通膨上漲。

We've seen that there's economic activity that hasn't happened because of these.

我們看到因為這些（關稅）導致有些經濟活動沒有發生。

This is a tax on businesses, on American businesses and people.

這項稅收是針對企業、美國企業和民眾的。

And that always has economic friction and economic consequences.

這總是會帶來經濟上的摩擦和後果。

And now let's cross to our Brussels correspondent, Rosie Burchard.

現在我們連線到駐布魯塞爾記者 Rosie Burchard。

Rosie, Trump had said earlier that the Supreme Court decision meant that everyone in the rest of the world is dancing in the streets.

Rosie，川普之前曾說，最高法院的判決意味著全世界的人都在街上跳舞。

Well, there was certainly a sharp intake of breath in Brussels when this news broke out of the United States Supreme Court on Friday.

嗯，週五美國最高法院傳出這消息時，布魯塞爾肯定是一陣倒吸一口涼氣。

But I certainly haven't heard any champagne corks popping here or seen any dancing in the street, and

但我肯定沒聽到這裡有開香檳的聲音，也沒看到有人在街上跳舞，而且

that's because it comes with a whole load of uncertainty.

The official European Commission position so far is that they are just analyzing this ruling and that they are trying to remain in touch with the US Administration to work out what the consequences of it might be.

歐洲委員會到目前為止的官方立場是，他們正在分析這項裁決，並試圖與美國政府保持聯繫，以釐清其可能帶來的後果。

When you talk to EU parliamentarians, they're a bit more outspoken.

但如果你跟歐洲議會的議員聊聊，他們就比較直言不諱了。

They say that they see this as a kind of in principle as a good sign for the rule of law in the United States.

他們說，他們原則上認為這是美國法治的好跡象。

Remember, this past almost a year since the US first announced those so called reciprocal tariffs has been a pretty painful lesson for Europe and for the world in just how much power that presidential pen can hold in the United States.

想想看，自從美國首次宣佈那些所謂的互徵關稅以來，這將近一年來，對歐洲和全世界來說，都是一個慘痛的教訓，讓我們知道總統的簽名筆在美國能有多大的權力。

And this court decision is seen as a first real check and balance on that.

而這項法院的判決，被視為對這種權力的一種真正制衡。

但這只是原則上的說法，實際情況是這樣嗎？

Does this bring any more certainty for European businesses?

這對歐洲企業來說，有帶來更多確定性嗎？

And in fact, in fact, amid that uncertainty, because we know Donald Trump is coming up already with a plan B, the first response you'll see from the European Union side in Brussels is that a plan to improve the next steps of ratification of a trade deal which the European Union signed with the United States last July to avoid the pain of even higher tariffs.

事實上，在這種不確定性中，因為我們知道川普已經在準備B計畫了，你會看到歐盟在布魯塞爾的第一個回應，就是一個改善貿易協議後續準許步驟的計畫，這份貿易協議是歐盟在去年七月與美國簽署的，目的是為了避免更高關稅的痛苦。