Name: 聯合國：蘇丹暴行是「種族滅絕的標誌」 | BBC News (Sudan atrocities 'hallmarks of genocide', UN says | BBC News)
Uploaded: 2026-02-19T17:13:10.000Z
Duration: 9 min 27 s

A UN fact finding mission in Sudan has determined that atrocities carried out against non Arab civilians by the Rapid Support forces point to genocide.

聯合國在蘇丹的一項調查任務已確定，快速支援部隊對非阿拉伯平民施加的暴行，指向種族滅絕。

The paramilitary group captured the city of Al Fasher in Darfur in late October after an 18 month blockade.

這個準軍事組織在經過18個月的封鎖後，於10月底攻佔了達佛的艾爾法謝爾（El Fha）城。

The UN mission said the RSF's targeting of members of non Arab African tribes was brutal and included deliberate efforts to destroy them through mass killings, sexual violence and starvation.

聯合國任務表示，快速支援部隊針對非阿拉伯非洲部落成員的行為殘酷，包括蓄意透過大規模殺戮、性暴力和飢餓來消滅他們。

Speak to Africa correspondent Barbara Plett Usher.

訪問非洲特派記者 Barbara Plett Usher。

And Barbara, some stark findings in the report.

Barbara，報告中有一些嚴峻的調查結果。

Tell us more about the details that are in there.

請告訴我們更多關於報告中的細節。

Yes, well, the report found that the atrocities committed in Al Fasher were not random excesses of war, but

是的，報告發現，在艾爾法謝爾犯下的暴行並非隨機的戰爭過失，而是

they were carried out with a widespread and systematic pattern that was committed according to a plan or policy with knowledge and intent.

它們是以一種廣泛且系統性的模式進行的，是根據有意識圖謀的計畫或政策所犯下的。

The evidence pointed to several hallmarks of genocide which effectively amounted to deliberate efforts to destroy a targeted population, an ethnic group by these methods of sexual violence, mass killing, starvation and so on.

證據顯示了種族滅絕的幾個標誌，這些方法，包括性暴力、大規模殺戮、飢餓等等，實際上相當於為了摧毀特定族群的蓄意努力。

And it said that intent is a very important part of the definition of the crime of genocide and that they had inferred from the actions and how systematic they were and from the evidence they were able to put together that that was the intent.

報告中提到，意圖是種族滅絕罪定義中非常重要的一部分，他們從這些行動的系統性以及蒐集到的證據推斷出這就是意圖。

They mentioned that the targeted ethnic groups in particular were the Zarawa and the Fur tribes.

他們提到，特別被針對的族群是Zarawa和Fur部落。

Now these are indigenous African tribes in Darfur, especially in the Al Fasher area.

這些是達佛地區原生的非洲部落，尤其是在艾爾法謝爾地區。

And the armed groups that were resisting the RSF attack on Al Fasher were largely from the Zagawa tribe.

而抵抗快速支援部隊攻擊艾爾法謝爾的武裝團體，大多來自Zagawa部落。

And so it seems the evidence is pretty clear actually that the RSF did not distinguish between the, the civilians and the armed members of that tribe that they had been fighting.

所以，證據其實相當清楚，快速支援部隊並沒有區分他們正在交戰的該部落的平民與武裝成員。

And the conflict is actually the ethnic part of it is rooted in previous conflicts that have taken place in Darfur between the largely Arab militias that form the backbone of the RSF and the non Arab constituencies.

這場衝突的民族成分，其實根源於達佛地區先前發生的衝突，主要是由構成快速支援部隊骨幹的阿拉伯民兵，與非阿拉伯選民之間所引起的。

And Barbara, is there any prospect as a result of this report of any further action from the international community or further help?

Barbara，這份報告是否可能促使國際社會採取進一步行動或提供更多援助？

Yeah, it's a good question because we've had all these atrocities reported for some time and there hasn't been any action on, on the ground really that we have seen.

是的，這是個好問題，因為我們已經報導這些暴行一段時間了，但實際上我們並沒有看到任何實質的地面行動。

This is going to be presented to the UN in Geneva, the UN Human Rights Council up for debate.

這份報告將提交給在日內瓦的聯合國人權理事會進行辯論。

Also, the British Foreign Secretary is addressing the UN Security Council today.

另外，英國外交大臣今天也會在聯合國安理會發言。

She will mention this and really push for accountability.

她會提到這件事，並大力推動究責。

That was part of the mandate of this UN investigative mission.

這也是這次聯合國調查任務的職權範圍之一。

Name the perpetrators as much as you can so they can be held accountable.

盡可能點名加害者，讓他們能被究責。

There are a few names in the report, not many it has to be said, including the name of the RSF leader, saying that he and others celebrated the fall of Al Fasher as an achievement and called the fighters heroic, that he had actually admitted that some violations took place, that there were investigations undergoing, but

報告中點名了幾個人，雖然不多，但包括了快速支援部隊領導人的名字，指出他和其他人慶祝艾爾法謝爾的陷落是項成就，並稱戰士們是英雄，他實際上也承認發生了一些違規行為，並且正在進行調查，但是

had not responded to any questions from the group, from the investigators as to where things were at with that.

對於調查小組、調查人員詢問調查進度時，他並沒有回應。

The RSF has always denied any allegations of genocide, although it hasn't responded specifically to this one.

快速支援部隊一直否認任何種族滅絕的指控，儘管他們並沒有針對這項指控具體回應。

So some of the things that the investigators propose are sanctions.

所以，調查人員提出的一些建議包括制裁。

Now, both sides have been sanctioned, individuals have been sanctioned already, so it's not clear how much difference that would make.

現在，雙方都已經受到制裁，個人也已經受到制裁，所以這能有多大差別還不清楚。

They mentioned the fact that there is a flow of weapons coming from outside supporters.

報告中提到，有來自外部支持者的武器流入。

Don't go into a great deal of detail about that, but

這部分我們就不深入探討細節，但

that's a huge factor in the continuing war and one of the ways that mediators are trying to get to bring a stop to or at least a truce to it.

這是持續戰爭的一大關鍵因素，也是調解人試圖讓戰爭停止或至少達成休戰的方法之一。

所以，這些事情都擺在檯面上。

There hasn't been any, any progress so far.

到目前為止，還沒有任何進展。

And this is one way of trying to push those buttons and push people to make these decisions.

而這也是一種試圖觸動關鍵點、推動人們做出決定的方式。

And, Barbara, in terms of the humanitarian situation, it has been pretty grim for a long time there.

Barbara，就人道情況來說，那裡長期以來一直非常嚴峻。

So the humanitarian situation in Al Fasher is quite difficult to determine because there's not a lot of information coming from there.

所以，艾爾法謝爾的人道情況其實很難確定，因為那裡傳出的資訊不多。

From what we understand, there are not that many people there now.

根據我們瞭解，現在那裡沒有太多人。

The number is unclear, hundreds, I think, of people who are detained there by the RSF.

人數不確定，我認為有幾百人被快速支援部隊拘留在那裡。

Again, information not entirely clear, but

同樣地，資訊不是完全清楚，但是

there is some work underway to try to get humanitarian aid into the city and especially into the villages around it where many of the people fled.

有一些工作正在進行，試圖將人道援助送進城裡，特別是送進城外許多人逃難的村莊。

In terms of the overall humanitarian picture in it really depends where you live as to whether you can eat.

就整體的人道狀況而言，是否能吃得上飯，真的取決於你住在什麼地方。

That's a quote from the international food monitors, because the areas where there is active conflict, so that would be in the south central part of the country and also the areas where the RSF has taken control, which is mostly in the western part of the country.

這是國際糧食監測員的一句話，因為在有實際衝突的地區，也就是國家中南部地區，以及快速支援部隊已經控制的地區，也就是主要在國家西部地區。

The humanitarian situation is dire and famine is spreading in some parts.

人道狀況非常嚴峻，部分地區飢餓正在蔓延。

In the areas where the army has expelled the RSF and is beginning to move back, things are improving somewhat and there are various reasons for them.

在軍隊驅逐了快速支援部隊並開始撤回的地區，情況有所改善，原因有很多。

But for this, including humanitarian workers say bureaucratic obstacles from both sides in terms of getting the food into the conflict areas.

但這包括人道工作者所說的，雙方在將食物運入衝突地區方面存在官僚障礙。

Also the economy has been decimated, the local economy, and

還有經濟已經被摧毀了，當地經濟，而且

it hasn't, especially in the RSF Held controlled areas hasn't been built up again in any significant way.

在快速支援部隊控制的地區，尤其是在那裡，並沒有以任何顯著的方式重建起來。

So there are continued warnings that people are still dying from starvation.

是以，持續有警告指出，人們仍在因飢餓而死亡。

Barbara Plett Usher, thank you very much indeed for bringing us the latest there.

Barbara Plett Usher，非常感謝您為我們帶來最新的消息。

Want to speak to Matilda Devou, who's an advocacy manager for the Norwegian Refugee Council in Sudan.

我們想和挪威難民理事會在蘇丹的倡導經理 Matilda Vu 談談。

Thanks very much indeed for, for joining us.

I wonder if you can just give us a sense of your reaction to the report that we've had.

您能否跟我們說說您對這份報告有什麼看法？

I mean, this report really confirms what this war has been, right?

這份報告確實證實了這場戰爭的本質，對吧？

A war of systematic attacks against civilians.

It is really new lows in history that we've reached with what happened in Al Fasher.

在艾爾法謝爾發生的事，真的是寫下了歷史的新篇章。

And I'm really afraid that, you know, these were mark on the walls like the humanitarian organization, the human rights organization, every single person in Darfur had warned the international community that such level of atrocity could be committed in 2025.

我真的很擔心，人道組織、人權組織，達佛的每一個人，都警告過國際社會，這種程度的暴行可能會在 2025 年發生。

And sadly, you know, like it unfolded in front of everyone, on everyone's phone and without, you know, the, the action from the international community to, to stop it.

而且很不幸，就像大家在手機上看到的一樣，在國際社會沒有採取行動阻止的情況下，這一切就這樣發生了。

So what the report shows is level of atrocities that I've seen in North Darfur.

所以這份報告顯示的，是我在北達佛見過的暴行程度。

I was there right after the fall of Al Fasher and I.

艾爾法謝爾淪陷後，我人就在那裡。

It doesn't even begin to highlight what the suffering of the people and what they've been through for during the siege and during the fall.

這份報告甚至還沒有開始強調人們在圍城和淪陷期間所承受的苦難。

所以請告訴我們，妳當時在艾爾法謝爾。

Tell us what you saw and the help that you were trying to bring people.

告訴我們妳看到了什麼，以及妳試圖帶給人們的幫助。

I was in Tawila, which is 60 km away from Al Fasher was the safest place for people to reach to once they managed to flee.

我在塔維拉，那裡離艾爾法謝爾有 60 公里，是人們逃出來後最安全可以抵達的地方。

Al Fasher and the stories that they were telling me was awful.

艾爾法謝爾以及他們告訴我的故事，都非常可怕。

Towards the end of the siege there, there was nothing left to eat.

圍城接近尾聲時，已經沒有東西可以吃了。

People could not even eat animal food, which is something that they had been relying on for months and months.

人們甚至無法吃動物的飼料，而這東西他們已經依賴了好幾個月。

They had resorted to entering slaughterhouses and to collect skin from cows and eat it, boil it and eat it, removing the hair.

他們只好進入屠宰場，收集牛皮來吃，煮了再吃，還會把毛去除。

They could not go out during the day, they had to go out at night because they were being bombed, shelled all the time when they were trying to get food.

白天他們不敢出門，只能在晚上出門，因為當他們試圖去拿食物時，一直遭到轟炸和砲擊。

They had to also cross a burn that was all around the city and that was basically, basically like preventing traders from reaching.

他們還必須穿越城市周圍的燒毀區，那基本上，基本上就像是阻止商人進入。

And once they were fleeing, they were subjected to horrifying, horrifying violence, executions, rape, looting.

而且他們在逃亡時，還遭受了令人髮指的暴力、處決、強姦和搶劫。

I've had a man who was telling me that his own brother was executed in front of him as they were trying to flee and he had to bury him and then, you know, try to flee and these are things that happen all the time throughout the months, as you know, the siege emphasized and then the city was attacked.

我遇到一位先生，他告訴我，在他試圖逃亡時，他的親哥哥就在他面前被處決了，他必須埋葬他，然後，你知道的，試圖逃亡，這些事情在幾個月來，你知道的，圍城期間一直都在發生，然後城市遭到攻擊。

對人們來說，這是非常慘痛的經歷。

I mean, they must be caught up in this as others are.

我的意思是，他們肯定和其他人一樣，也被捲入了其中。

What kind of trauma help is there for dealing with that kind of trauma?

有什麼樣的創傷輔導可以幫助處理這種創傷呢？

I think this is what shocked me the most.

During the first two weeks after the fall of Al Fasher, we saw at least 400 children who arrived in Taula without their parents.

在艾爾法謝爾（Al Fasher）淪陷後的最初兩週，我們看到至少有 400 名兒童在沒有父母的情況下來到陶拉（Taula）。

What that meant is that their parents had either been disappeared, detained, killed or separated along the way.

這意味著他們的父母要麼失蹤、被拘留、被殺害，要麼在途中失散了。

And they just arrived in this immense camps of Tawila without parents, not knowing what to do.

他們就這樣來到陶拉這個巨大的營區，沒有父母，也不知道該怎麼辦。

We have open schools there, you know, like basically tents that were their first safety net for months.

我們在那裡開設了學校，你知道嗎，基本上就是帳篷，在幾個月裡成了他們最初的安全網。

I've seen a 10 year old who was now the bigger person in the family because nobody else was there anymore and he was taking care of his five year old brother.

我看到一個十歲的孩子，現在成了家裡最大的依靠，因為家裡再也沒有其他人了，他得照顧他五歲的弟弟。

I've seen so many children drawing blood, bulldozers, guns on a piece of paper, because this is the only thing that they've seen for months and months.

我看到好多孩子在紙上畫著血、推土機、槍枝，因為這幾個月來他們看到的就只有這些。

So we're trying to help them with psychosocial support, with singing, with games, etc.

所以我們正試圖透過心理社會支持、唱歌、遊戲等等來幫助他們。

But like, the long term trauma is going to be immense.

但長期創傷的影響將會非常巨大。

Matilda Devou, thank you very much indeed for joining us there from the Norwegian Refugee Council.

Matilda Devou，非常感謝您從挪威難民理事會加入我們。